Maximilian I, Elector and Duke of Bavaria and his second wife, Maria Anna of Austria

Maximilian I, Elector and Duke of Bavaria (17 April 1573 – 27 September 1651), called "the Great,", was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire. His reign was marked by the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). Image File history File links Maria_Anna_von_Bayern_(1610-1665)_black_white. ... Image File history File links Maria_Anna_von_Bayern_(1610-1665)_black_white. ... Maria Anna of Austria (13 January 1610-25 September 1665) (also known as Maria Anna von Bayern, Maria Anna von Habsburg, Maria-Anna Kurfrstin). ... April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ... Events January - articles of Warsaw Confederation signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland. ... September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... The Free State of Bavaria  (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... Combatants Protestantism: Sweden,Denmark, France, Scotland and protestant German countries like Saxony Roman Catholic Church: Holy Roman Empire, Spain Commanders Gustav II Adolf Ferdinand II The Thirty Years War was fought between 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of todays Germany, also involving most of the major European... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ...

Brief Background

He was born in Munich, the eldest son of William V of Bavaria and Renata of Lorraine. He was educated by the Jesuits at the University of Ingolstadt, and began to take part in the government in 1591. In 1595 he married his cousin, Elisabeth Renata (also known as Elizabeth of Lorraine), daughter of Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, and became Duke of Bavaria upon his father's abdication in 1597. Only a few months after the death of Elisabeth Renata, Maximilian married, on 15 July 1635 in Vienna, his 25-year-old niece Maria Anna of Austria, the daughter of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maximillian's sister, Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616). The main motivation for this swift remarriage was not so much political grounds as the hope of producing a prince to inherit. In contrast to the Elector's first wife, Maria Anna was very interested in politics and well instructed about developments. She was not bound to the Habsburgs, but rather completely advocated the Bavarian standpoint. Additionally, she conducted lively exchanges of opinion with high officials of the Munich court and took part in meetings of the cabinet. Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München, (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern). ... William V, Duke of Bavaria (29 September 1548 - 7 February 1626), called the Pious, (German: ) was a Duke of Bavaria from 1579 to 1597. ... William V, Duke of Bavaria and his wife, Renata of Lorraine Renata of Lorraine (April 20, 1544, Nancy – May 22, 1602, Munich) was the daughter of Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis the Rich, duke of Bavaria at the time. ... Events June - Capture of Zutphen by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... Elizabeth of Lorraine, Elisabet Renata. ... Elizabeth of Lorraine, Elisabet Renata. ... Charles III (April 5, 1604 – September 18, 1675), was Duke of Lorraine from 1624 to 1634, when he abdicated in favor of his younger brother, and again from 1661 until 1669, when the duchy was occupied by the French. ... The following is a list of rulers of Bavaria: Dukes of Bavaria, 889-1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907-937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938-947 Liudolfing (Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947-955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955-976 Otto I 976-982 Liutpolding Dynasty Henry III... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing “kreckett” (i. ... July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 UN complex in Vienna, with the non-affiliated Austria Center Vienna in front - picture taken from Danube Tower in nearby Danube Park. ... Maria Anna of Austria (13 January 1610-25 September 1665) (also known as Maria Anna von Bayern, Maria Anna von Habsburg, Maria-Anna Kurfrstin). ... Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. ... Maria Anna of Bavaria (8 December 1574 - 8 March 1616) was daughter of William V, Duke of Bavaria. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ...

Marriages

His first marriage to Elisabeth Renata was childless. By his second wife, Maria Anne, he left two sons, Ferdinand Maria, who succeeded him, and Maximilian Philip. In 1839 a statue was erected to his memory at Munich by Ludwig I, king of Bavaria. Weak in health and feeble in frame, Maximilian had high ambitions both for himself and his duchy, and was tenacious and resourceful in prosecuting his designs. In 1610 Maximilian ordered to enlarge the Munich Residenz. As the ablest prince of his age he sought to prevent Germany from becoming the battleground of Europe, and although a rigid adherent of the Catholic faith, was not always subservient to the church. Elizabeth of Lorraine, Elisabet Renata. ... Ferdinand Maria, Picture from 1658 Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (October 31, 1636 - May 26, 1679) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... King Louis I of Bavaria. ... // Events January 7 - Galileo Galilei discovers the Galilean moons of Jupiter. ... Residenz in Munich The Residenz (German word for residence) in the city center of Munich, Bavaria was the former royal residence of the Bavarian Dukes, Electors and Kings. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ...

German Politics and the Thirty Years' War

He refrained from any interference in German politics until 1607, when he was entrusted with the duty of executing the imperial ban against the free city of Donauwörth, a Protestant stronghold. In December 1607 his troops occupied the city, and vigorous steps were taken to restore the supremacy of the older faith. Some Protestant princes, alarmed at this action, formed the Protestant Union to defend their interests, which was answered in 1609 by the establishment of the Catholic League, in the formation of which Maximilian took an important part. Under his leadership an army was set on foot, but his policy was strictly defensive and he refused to allow the League to become a tool in the hands of the house of Habsburg. Dissensions among his colleagues led the duke to resign his office in 1616, but the approach of trouble brought about his return to the League about two years later. Events January 20 - Tidal wave swept along the Bristol Channel, killing 2000 people. ... Known as Nordschwabens freundliche Mitte (North Swabias Friendly Center), Donauwörth is a city in the German State of Bavaria (Bayern), in the region of Swabia (Schwabenland). ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Protestant Union or Evangelical Union or Union of Auhausen was a coalition of Protestant German states that was formed in 1608 to defend the rights, lands and person of each member. ... // Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... This article is about the 17th century German union. ... Events October 25 — Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at an island off the Western Australian coast Pocahontas arrives in England War between Venice and Austria Collegium Musicum founded in Prague Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books...

The Arms of Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria, Arch-Steward and Prince-Elector

Having refused to become a candidate for the imperial throne in 1619, Maximilian was faced with the complications arising from the outbreak of war in Bohemia. After some delay he made a treaty with the emperor Ferdinand II in October 1619, and in return for large concessions placed the forces of the League at the emperor's service. Anxious to curtail the area of the struggle, he made a treaty of neutrality with the Protestant Union, and occupied Upper Austria as security for the expenses of the campaign. On November 8, 1620 his troops under Count Tilly defeated the forces of Frederick, king of Bohemia and count palatine of the Rhine, at the White Hill near Prague. Coat of Arms of Bavaria. ... Coat of Arms of Bavaria. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... Events September 6 - English emigrants on the Mayflower depart from Plymouth, England for the future New England and arrive at the end of the year. ... Count Tilly on a portrait by van Dyck Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly (February, 1559 – April 30, 1632) was a general in Bavarian and later imperial service during the Thirty Years War, upon whom Ferdinand II depended (since Wallenstein was a threat). ... Frederick is also called the Winter King of Bohemia because he reigned for less than three winter months in 1620 after he was installed by a rebellious Protestant faction. ... A palatinate is an area administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crowns overlordship. ... The Battle of White Mountain, November 8, 1620 (Bílá hora is the name of White Mountain in Czech) was an early battle in the Thirty Years War in which an army of 20,000 Bohemians and mercenaries under Christian of Anhalt were routed by 25,000 men of the... Prague (Czech: Praha (IPA: ), see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ...

In spite of the arrangement with the Union, Tilly then devastated the Rhenish Palatinate, and in February 1623 Maximilian was formally invested with the electoral dignity and the attendant office of imperial steward, which had been enjoyed since 1356 by the counts palatine of the Rhine. After receiving the Upper Palatinate and restoring Upper Austria to Ferdinand, Maximilian became leader of the party which sought to bring about Wallenstein's dismissal from the imperial service. At the diet of Regensburg in 1630 Ferdinand was compelled to assent to this demand, but the sequel was disastrous both for Bavaria and its ruler. The Palatinate (German: Pfalz), historically also Rhenish Palatinate (German: Rheinpfalz), is a region in south-western Germany. ... Events August 6 - Pope Urban VIII is elected to the Papacy. ... Events January 20 - Edward Balliol surrenders title as King of Scotland to Edward III of England April 16 — the King of the Serbian Kingdom of Raška Stefan Dušan is proclaimed Tsar (Emperor) of all Serbs, Arbanasses and Greeks in Skopje by the Serbian Orthodox Christian Patriarch of a... The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria. ... Albrecht von Wallenstein Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (also Waldstein, Czech: Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna), September 24, 1583 – February 25, 1634) was a Bohemian soldier and politician who gave his services (an army of 30,000 to 100,000 men) during the Danish Period of the Thirty... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ...

Early in 1632 the Swedes marched into the duchy and occupied Munich, and Maximilian could only obtain the assistance of the imperialists by placing himself under the orders of Wallenstein, now restored to the command of the emperor's forces. The ravages of the Swedes and their French allies induced the elector to enter into negotiations for peace with Gustavus Adolphus and Cardinal Richelieu. He also proposed to disarm the Protestants by modifying the Restitution edict of 1629; but these efforts were abortive. In September 1638 Count Mercy was made master-general of ordnance in the army of Bavaria, then the second largest army in Germany. See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen... Gustav II Adolph Gustav II Adolph (December 9, 1594 - November 6, 1632) (also known as Gustav Adolph the Great, under the Latin name Gustavus Adolphus or the Swedish form Gustav II Adolf) was a King of Sweden. ... Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. ... The Edict of Restitution from 1629 was an attempt by Ferdinand II to restore the religious and territorial settlement after the Peace of Augsburg (1555). ... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... Events March 29 - Swedish colonists establish first settlement in Delaware, called New Sweden. ... Franz Freiherr von Mercy (or Merci), lord of Mandre and Collenburg (d. ...

In March 1647 Maximilian concluded an armistice with France and Sweden at Ulm, but the entreaties of emperor Ferdinand III led him to disregard his undertaking. Bavaria was again ravaged, and the elector's forces defeated in May 1648 at Zusmarshausen. But the peace of Westphalia soon put an end to the struggle. By this treaty it was agreed that Maximilian should retain the electoral dignity, which was made hereditary in his family; and the Upper Palatinate was incorporated with Bavaria. The elector died at Ingolstadt on September 27, 1651. // Events March 14 - Thirty Years War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. ... During the Thirty Years War, French and Swedish forces invaded Bavaria and forced the elector Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria to conclude the Truce of Ulm on March 14, 1647 and to renounce his alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III. By the Autumn he broke the truce and... Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 – 1657. ... // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ... The Ratification of the Treaty of Münster by Gerard Terborch (1648) Banquet of the Amsterdam Civic Guard in Celebration of the Peace of Münster by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 1648 The Peace of Westphalia, also known as the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück, refers to the... September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ...

Family Tree

Trivia: Cousin marriages and relation to Maximilian I of Bavaria Maximilian I Joseph, King of Bavaria. ...

 Francis I, Duke of Lorraine ∞ Christina of Denmark 1517-1545 | 1522-1590 | +------------------+-------------------+ | | Charles III, Duke of Lorraine Renata of Lorraine ∞ William V of Bavaria 1543-1608 1544-1602 | 1548-1626 | | +-------------------+----------+----------------------------+ | | | | | | Maria Anna of Bavaria Magdalene of Bavaria | | 1574-1616 1587-1628 | | | | Elizabeth of Lorraine ∞ Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria ∞ Maria Anna of Austria | 1574-1635 (1) 1573-1651 (2) 1610-1655 | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine 1615-1690 | Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine 1661-1742 | Elizabeth Augusta Sophie, Pfalzgräfin von Neuburg 1693-1728 | Maria Francisca Sulzbach 1724-1794 | Maximilian I of Bavaria 1756-1825 

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Francis I (1517 – June 12, 1545) was briefly Duke of Lorraine from 1544 until the following year. ... Christina of Denmark Christina of Denmark (1522-90), was firstly Duchess-consort of Milan and then Duchess-consort of Lorraine. ... Charles III (April 5, 1604 – September 18, 1675), was Duke of Lorraine from 1624 to 1634, when he abdicated in favor of his younger brother, and again from 1661 until 1669, when the duchy was occupied by the French. ... William V, Duke of Bavaria and his wife, Renata of Lorraine Renata of Lorraine (April 20, 1544, Nancy – May 22, 1602, Munich) was the daughter of Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark. ... William V, Duke of Bavaria (29 September 1548 - 7 February 1626), called the Pious, (German: ) was a Duke of Bavaria from 1579 to 1597. ... Maria Anna of Bavaria (8 December 1574 - 8 March 1616) was daughter of William V, Duke of Bavaria and Renata von Lothringen . ... Magdalene of Bavaria, born 1587, died 1628. ... Elizabeth of Lorraine, Elisabet Renata. ... Maria Anna of Austria (13 January 1610-25 September 1665) (also known as Maria Anna von Bayern, Maria Anna von Habsburg, Maria-Anna Kurfrstin). ... Philipp Wilhelm of Neuburg, Elector Palatine (24 November 1615 - 2 September 1690), was Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1653 to 1690. ... Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (November 4, 1661 in Neuburg – December 31, 1742 in Mannheim) was also Duke of Jülich and Berg. ... Elizabeth Augusta Sophie, Pfalzgräfin von Neuburg. ... Maria Francisca Sulzbach, Pfalzgräfin von Sulzbach. ... Maximilian I Joseph, King of Bavaria. ... William V, Duke of Bavaria. ... The following is a list of rulers of Bavaria: Dukes of Bavaria, 889-1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907-937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938-947 Liudolfing (Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947-955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955-976 Otto I 976-982 Liutpolding Dynasty Henry III... Ferdinand Maria, Picture from 1658 Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (October 31, 1636 - May 26, 1679) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679. ... Frederick is also called the Winter King of Bohemia because he reigned for less than three winter months in 1620 after he was installed by a rebellious Protestant faction. ... A palatinate is an area administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crowns overlordship. ... The following is a list of rulers of Bavaria: Dukes of Bavaria, 889_1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907_937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938_947 Liudolfing (Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947_955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955_976 Otto I 976_982 Liutpolding Dynasty Henry III the Younger 983_985 Liudolfing Dynasty Henry... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...