NationMaster - Encyclopedia: May 1968

May 1968 (in this context usually spelled May '68) is the name given to a series of events that started with a student strike in France. It turned into a general strike which paralyzed parts of the country and led to the eventual collapse of the de Gaulle government. Most of the protesters espoused left-wing causes, communism or anarchism, though most mainstream leftist parties distanced themselves from the students and worked with the police and government to end the revolt. Many saw the events as an opportunity to shake up the "old society" in many social aspects, including methods of education, sexual freedom and free love. While some of the same leftists who worked against workers and students now call "May '68" a failure from a political point-of-view, it was a significant revolutionary moment in the 20th century. Poster from the French insurrection of May 1968. ... Poster from the French insurrection of May 1968. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A general strike is a strike action by an entire labour force in a city, region or country. ... Charles AndrÃ© Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( listen?) (November 22, 1890 â€“ November 9, 1970), in France commonly referred to as le gÃ©nÃ©ral de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Anarchism is a form of social criticism, a political movement as well as a political philosophy. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The term free love has been used since at least the nineteenth century to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bondage, especially for women. ...

It began as a series of student strikes that broke out at a number of universities and high schools in Paris, following confrontations with university administrators and the police. The de Gaulle administration's attempts to quash those strikes by further police action only inflamed the situation further, leading to street battles with the police in the Latin Quarter, followed by a general strike by students and strikes throughout France by ten million French workers, roughly two-thirds of the French workforce. The protests reached the point that de Gaulle created a military operations headquarters to deal with the unrest, dissolved the National Assembly and called for new parliamentary elections for 23 June 1968. A student strike occurs when students from a teaching institution such as a school, college or university refuse to go to class. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... In France, secondary education is in two stages: the collÃ¨ges (IPA: ) cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15; the lycÃ©es (IPA: ) provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between the ages of 15 and 18. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Quartier Latin (Latin Quarter) is an area in the 5th arrondissement and parts of the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France, on the left bank (south side) of the Seine, around the Sorbonne University. ... The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: AssemblÃ©e nationale) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1968 Gregorian calendar. ...

The government was close to collapse at that point (De Gaulle had even taken temporary refuge at an airforce base in Germany), but the revolutionary situation evaporated almost as quickly as it arose. Workers went back to their jobs, after a series of deceptions carried out by the Confédération Générale du Travail, the leftist union federation, and the Parti Communiste Français (PCF), the French Communist Party. When the elections were finally held in June, the Gaullist party emerged even stronger than before. The ConfÃ©dÃ©ration GÃ©nÃ©rale du Travail (CGT or General Confederation of Work) is one of the five major French confederations of trade unions. ... The logo of the PCF. Note the absence of traditional communist imagery such as the hammer and sickle. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ...

The events of May

On 22 March leftist groups, including 150 students, invaded an administration building at Nanterre University and held a meeting in the university council room, in the name of the Enragés, who were allied with the Situationist International. René Riesel immediately demanded the expulsion of two observers from the administration and of several Stalinists who were present. After a spokesmen for the anarchists, a regular collaborator of Cohn-Bendit's, had asserted that "the Stalinists who are here this evening are no longer Stalinists," the Enragés immediately left the meeting in protest against this cowardly illusion. The Enragés left and the 22 March Movement carried on confusedly without, and against the Enragés who had had begun the agitations in the first place. Cohn Bendit later became a leader and spokesman and stepped into the limelight. March 22 is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Paris X-Nanterre is one of the 13 constituents of the University of Paris. ... Les EnragÃ©s (literally The Angry Ones) were a radical group active during the French Revolution (1789) opposed to the Jacobins. ... The Situationist International (SI), an international political and artistic movement, originated in the Italian village of Cosio dArroscia on 28 July 1957 with the fusion of several extremely small artistic tendencies: the Lettrist International, the International movement for an imaginist Bauhaus, and the London Psychogeographical Association. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Les EnragÃ©s (literally The Angry Ones) were a radical group active during the French Revolution (1789) opposed to the Jacobins. ... Limelight is a type of stage lighting once used in theatres and music halls. ...

The Sorbonne administration responded by calling the police, who surrounded the university and arrested students as they tried to leave the campus. When other students gathered to stop the police vans from taking away the arrested students, the riot police responded by launching tear gas into the crowd. Rather than dispersing the students, the tear gas only brought more students to the scene, where they blocked the exit of the vans. The police finally prevailed, but only after arresting hundreds of students.

Following months of conflicts between students and authorities at the University of Paris at Nanterre, the administration shut down that university on 2 May 1968. Students at the University of the Sorbonne in Paris met on 3 May to protest against the closure and the threatened expulsion of several students at Nanterre. On Monday, 6 May, the national student union, the UNEF - still the largest student union in France today - and the union of university teachers called a march to protest against the police invasion of the Sorbonne. More than 20,000 students, teachers and supporters marched towards the Sorbonne, still sealed off by the police, who charged, wielding their batons, as soon as the marchers approached. While the crowd dispersed, some began to create barricades out of whatever was at hand, while others threw paving stones, forcing the police to retreat for a time. The police then responded with tear gas and charged the crowd again. Hundreds more students were arrested. The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: ) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganised as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris Iâ€“XIII). ... Nanterre is a French city, a suburb of Paris, and the prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine dÃ©partement. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1968 Gregorian calendar. ... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: ) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganised as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris Iâ€“XIII). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (127th in leap years). ... A students union, student government, or student council is a student organization present at many colleges and universities, often with its own building on the campus, dedicated to social and organizational activities of the student body. ... The National Union of Students of France (Union Nationale des Etudiants de France or UNEF) is the main national students union in France. ...

High school students started to go out on strike in support of the students at the Sorbonne and Nanterre on 6 May. The next day they joined the students, teachers and increasing numbers of young workers who gathered at the Arc de Triomphe to demand that: (1) all criminal charges against arrested students be dropped, (2) the police leave the university, and (3) the authorities reopen Nanterre and the Sorbonne. Negotiations broke down after students returned to their campuses, after a false report that the government had agreed to reopen them, only to discover the police still occupying the schools. May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (127th in leap years). ... Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly the Place de lÃ‰toile, at the western end of the Champs-Ã‰lysÃ©es. ...

On Friday 10 May, another huge crowd congregated on the Rive Gauche. When the riot police again blocked them from crossing the river, the crowd again threw up barricades, which the police then attacked at 2:15 in the morning after negotiations once again foundered. The confrontation, which produced hundreds of arrests and injuries, lasted until dawn of the following day. The events were broadcast on radio as they occurred and the aftermath was shown on television the following day. Allegations were made that the police had participated, through agents provocateurs, in the riots, by burning cars and throwing molotov cocktails ^[1]. May 10 is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the musical group, see Left Banke. ... A CRS officier in normal gear, standing by a Bastille Day parade The Compagnies RÃ©publicaines de SÃ©curitÃ© (Republican Security Companies, CRS) are the riot control forces and general reserve of the French National Police. ... An agent provocateur (plural: agents provocateurs) is a person assigned to provoke unrest, violence, debate, or argument by or within a group while acting as a member of the group but covertly representing the interests of another. ... Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ...

The government's heavy-handed reaction brought on a wave of sympathy for the strikers. The Parti Communiste Français (PCF) reluctantly supported the students, whom it regarded as adventurists and anarchists, and the major left union federations, the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT) and the Force Ouvrière (CGT-FO) called a one day general strike and demonstration for Monday, 13 May. The logo of the PCF. Note the absence of traditional communist imagery such as the hammer and sickle. ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... The ConfÃ©dÃ©ration GÃ©nÃ©rale du Travail (CGT or General Confederation of Work) is one of the five major French confederations of trade unions. ... The ConfÃ©dÃ©ration GÃ©nÃ©rale du Travail - Force OuvriÃ¨re (CGT-FO or General Confederation of Work - Workers Force), generally known as Force OuvriÃ¨re (FO), is one of the five major French confederations of trade unions. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Over a million people marched through Paris on that day; the police stayed largely out of sight. Prime Minister Georges Pompidou personally announced the release of the prisoners and the reopening of the Sorbonne. The surge of strikes did not, however, recede. Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 July 1911 â€“ 2 April 1974) was President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974. ...

When the Sorbonne reopened, students occupied it and declared it an autonomous "people's university". Approximately 401 popular "action committees" were set up in Paris and elsewhere in the weeks that followed to take up grievances against the government.

In the following days workers began occupying factories, starting with a sit-down strike at the Sud Aviation plant near the city of Nantes on 14 May, then another strike at a Renault parts plant near Rouen, which spread to the Renault manufacturing complexes at Flins in the Seine Valley and the Paris suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt. By 16 May workers had occupied roughly fifty factories and by 17 May 200,000 were on strike. That figure snowballed to two million workers on strike the following day and then ten million, or roughly two-thirds of the French workforce, on strike the following week. Sud Aviation was a French state-owned aircraft manufacturer, originating from the merger of SNCASE (SociÃ©tÃ© Nationale de Constructions AÃ©ronautiques du Sud-Est) and SNCASO (SociÃ©tÃ© Nationale de Constructions AÃ©ronautiques du Sud-Ouest) on March 1, 1957. ... Traditional city flag City coat of arms Motto: (Latin: Shall Neptune favour the traveller) Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration DÃ©partement Loire-Atlantique (44) RÃ©gion Pays-de-la-Loire Mayor Jean-Marc Ayrault (PS) (since 1989) Intercommunality Urban Community of Nantes City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 65. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Renault S.A. is a French vehicle manufacturer producing cars, vans, buses, tractors, and trucks. ... Rouen Cathedral The entrance to Rouen Cathedral The Church of Jean dArc Abbey church of Saint-Ouen, (chevet) in Rouen Rouen, medieval house Rue St-Romain on a rainy day in Rouen Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on... Renault S.A. is a French vehicle manufacturer producing cars, vans, buses, tractors, and trucks. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (138th in leap years). ...

These strikes were not led by the union movement; on the contrary, the CGT tried to contain this spontaneous outbreak of militancy by channeling it into a struggle for higher wages and other economic demands. Workers put forward a broader, more political and more radical agenda, demanding the ousting of the government and President de Gaulle and attempting, in some cases, to run their factories. When the trade union leadership negotiated a 35% increase in the minimum wage, a 7% wage increase for other workers, and half normal pay for the time on strike with the major employers' associations, the workers occupying their factories refused to return to work and jeered their union leaders, even though this deal was better than what they could have obtained only a month earlier.

On May 27, the meeting of the Union Nationale des Étudiants de France (national Union of the students of France), most outstanding of the events of May 68, proceeded and gathered 30,000 to 50,000 people in the Stade Sebastien Charlety. May 27 is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Union of Students of France (Union Nationale des Ã‰tudiants de France or UNEF) is the main national students union in France. ... Stade Sebastien Charlety is a multi-use stadium in Paris, France. ...

On 30 May several hundred thousand protesters (300,000 to 400,000, many more than the 50,000 the police were expecting) led by the CGT marched through Paris, chanting, "Adieu, de Gaulle!" (Meaning: "Goodbye, De Gaulle.") May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ...

While the government appeared to be close to collapse, de Gaulle remained firm. Instead, after ensuring that he had sufficient loyal military units mobilized to back him if push came to shove, he went on the radio the following day (the national television service was on strike) to announce the dissolution of the National Assembly, with elections to follow on 23 June. He ordered workers to return to work, threatening to institute a state of emergency if they did not. June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government, may work to alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors, or may order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. ...

The events of June

From that point the revolutionary feeling of the students and workers faded away. Workers gradually returned to work or were ousted from their plants by the police. The national student union called off street demonstrations. The government banned a number of leftist organizations. The police retook the Sorbonne on 16 June. De Gaulle triumphed in the legislative elections held in June and the crisis came to an end. June 16 is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... French legislative election took place on June 23 and 30, 1968 to elect the 4th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic In 1967, the Presidential Majority won by a short head the legislative election. ...

Slogans and graffiti

It is difficult to precisely identify the politics of the students who sparked the events of May 1968, much less of the hundreds of thousands who participated in them. There was, however, a strong strain of anarchism, particularly in the students at Nanterre. While not exhaustive, the following graffiti give a sense of the millenarian and rebellious spirit, tempered with a good deal of verbal wit, of the strikers (the anti-work graffiti shows the considerable influence of the situationist movement): This is a list of some slogans of May 68. ... Anarchism is a form of social criticism, a political movement as well as a political philosophy. ... Millenarianism or millenarism is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming major transformation of society after which all things will be changed in a positive (or sometimes negative or ambiguous) direction. ... Look up Situation, Situationism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

1968 in an international context

France was far from the only country to witness student protests in 1968. The events were preceded by the announcement, in the United States, that United States President Lyndon B. Johnson would choose to withdraw from the 1968 presidential campaign in March due to rising domestic opposition. This was soon followed by the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (on April 4), and a student-led occupation and closure of Columbia University on April 23. The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... â€œLBJâ€ redirects here. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Martin Luther King, Jr. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States. ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (114th in leap years). ...

In Mexico, on the night of 2 October 1968, a student demonstration ended in a storm of bullets in La Plaza de las Tres Culturas at Tlatelolco, Mexico City. October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1968 Gregorian calendar. ... A 1978 silkscreen poster by Rini Templeton and MalaquÃas Montoya created to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the massacre. ... Tlaltelolco is an area in Mexico City, centered on the Plaza de las Tres Culturas, a square surrounded on three sides by an excavated Aztec pyramid, the 17th century church Templo de Santiago, and the modern office complex of the Mexican foreign ministry. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ...

The United States and German student movements were relatively isolated from the working class, but in Italy and in Argentina students and workers joined in efforts to create a radically different society. The German student movement (in Germany commonly called 68er-Bewegung, movement of 1968) was a protest movement that took place during the late 1960s in Germany. ...

In Belgium, students from the University in Leuven protested against the dominance of the French language in the Flemish university, which resulted in a separate Francophone university. In Eastern Europe, students also drew inspiration from the protests in the West. The word Kul has several meanings: Kul Tigin was a Turkic leader in early Middle Ages KUL is also an abbreviation of Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski in Lublin, Poland KUL is also an abbreviation of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Leuven, Belgium This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... Leuven (French Louvain, German LÃ¶wen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in Flanders, Belgium, European Union. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... Flanders (Dutch: ) has several main meanings: the social, cultural and linguistical, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the Flemings; generally called the Flemish community (others refer to this as the Flemish nation) which is, with over 6 million inhabitants, the majority of all Belgians; the constituent governing institution... Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. ...

In Poland and Yugoslavia students protested against restrictions on free speech by Communist regimes. In Czechoslovakia, the Prague Spring offered a broadening of political rights until it was crushed by the USSR and its Warsaw Pact allies. Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian and languages of other nationalities. ... People in a cafÃ© watch Soviet tanks roll past The Prague Spring (Czech: PraÅ¾skÃ© jaro, Slovak: PraÅ¾skÃ¡ jar, Russian: Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð¶ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÐ½Ð°) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968 when Alexander DubÄek came to power, and running until August 20 of that year when the... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ...

Many of the student groups involved with May 1968 were also inspired by a strain of political thought called tiers-mondisme (third worldism). Students idealized and followed socialist movements in countries such as Cuba, Vietnam, or China, and revered figures such as Mao, Che or Castro. Their struggles in their own countries were tied to their support of these third world socialist movements. Third-worldism is a tendency within (ostensibly) left wing political thought to regard the division between advanced capitalist nations and (so called) third world ones as of primary political importance. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ... â€œMaoâ€ redirects here. ... Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (June 14,[1] 1928 â€“ October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara or El Che, was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary, medic, political figure, and leader of Cuban and internationalist guerrillas. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ...

In pop-culture

Robert Merle (August 28, 1908 - March 28, 2004) was a French novelist. ... Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou (Î•Ï…Î¬Î³Î³ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï‚ ÎŸÎ´Ï…ÏƒÏƒÎÎ±Ï‚ Î Î±Ï€Î±Î¸Î±Î½Î±ÏƒÎ¯Î¿Ï…) [IPA: ] is a world-renowned Greek composer of electronic, New Age and classical music and musical performer, under the artist name Vangelis Papathanassiou (Î’Î±Î³Î³ÎÎ»Î·Ï‚ Î Î±Ï€Î±Î¸Î±Î½Î±ÏƒÎ¯Î¿Ï…) or just Vangelis (a diminutive of Evangelos) [IPA: or ]. He is best known for his Academy Award winning score for the film Chariots of... Long Playing (LP), either 10 or 12-inch diameter, 33 rpm (actually 33â…“) vinyl gramophone records, first introduced in 1948, were the primary release format for recorded music for about 30 years, from the late 1950s until CDs effectively replaced them in the late 1980s. ... // Much like electroacoustic music, Musique concrÃ¨te (French; literally, concrete music), has been subject to conflicting perceptions about its character. ... Sound collage is the production of songs, musical compositions, or recordings using portions, or samples, of previously made recordings. ... Aphrodites Child was a Greek rock band formed around the time of the student riots in 1968, by Vangelis Papathanassiou (keyboards and vocals); Demis Roussos (bass guitar and vocals); and Loukas Sideras (drums and vocals). ... Jean-Luc Godard (photograph by David Horvitz) Jean-Luc Godard (born 3 December 1930 in Paris) is a French filmmaker and one of the most influential members of the Nouvelle Vague, or French New Wave. Born in Paris to Franco-Swiss parents, he was educated in Nyon, later studying at... Jean-Pierre Gorin (b. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tout va Bien Tout va bien is a 1972 film directed by Jean-Luc Godard and collaborator Jean-Pierre Gorin starring Jane Fonda and Yves Montand. ... Yves Montand Yves Montand (October 13, 1921 â€“ November 9, 1991) was a French/Italian actor, born Ivo Livi in Monsummano Alto, Italy. ... FranÃ§ois Truffauts New Wave film Jules et Jim The New Wave (French: la Nouvelle Vague) was a blanket term coined by critics for a group of French filmmakers of the late 1950s and 1960s, influenced (in part) by Italian Neorealism. ... Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. ... The Criterion Collection logo The Criterion Collection is a privately held company that distributes authoritative consumer versions of important classic and contemporary films on DVD. It was established in 1984 as a joint venture between Janus Films and the Voyager Company. ... RenÃ© ViÃ©net is a Situationist writer and filmmaker. ... La dialectique peut-elle casser des briques? translated Can Dialectics Break Bricks? is a 1973 film produced by French Situationist RenÃ© ViÃ©net. ... Guy Ernest Debord (December 28, 1931, in Paris â€“ November 30, 1994, in Champot) was a writer, film maker, hypergraphist and founding member of the groups Lettrist International and Situationist International (SI). ... La SociÃ©tÃ© du spectacle (Society of the Spectacle) is a 1973 film by Situationist Guy Debord based on the 1967 book of the same title. ... Chris Marker (born July 29, 1921) is a French writer, photographer, film director, multimedia artist and documentary maker. ... Milou en Mai (Milou in May), also released under the English title May Fools, is a film (1989 or 1990) by Louis Malle. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... Louis Malle (October 30, 1932 â€“ November 23, 1995) was a French film director. ... Masouleh village, Gilan Province, Iran. ... Bernardo Bertolucci. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Dreamers is a 2003 English/French drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. ... Roman Coppola is an American film director and music video director. ... CQ is a 2001 film written and directed by Roman Coppola. ... The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. ... Revolution is a series of three songs by The Beatles. ... Revolution 9 is an experimental recording which appeared on the Beatles 1968 self-titled LP release (known as the White Album). ... Philippe Garrel (born April 6, 1948 in Paris, France) is a French director, cinemtographer, screenwriter, editor and producer. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Stone Roses were an influential English rock band from Manchester formed in 1984. ... The Stone Roses is the debut album by The Stone Roses, released in March 1989. ... Ian Brown (born February 20, 1963) is an English musician and former lead singer of the indie rock/Madchester band The Stone Roses. ... RÃ¶yksopp ( IPA: ; sometimes misspelled Royksopp or RÃ¸yksopp) is an electronic music duo based in Bergen, Norway composed of TorbjÃ¸rn Brundtland and Svein Berge. ... Only This Moment is the first single from the Norwegian duo RÃ¶yksopps second album The Understanding. ...

References

Le Monde is also the name of a song by the Thievery Corporation. ... Michel Rocard, French politician Michel Rocard (born August 23, 1930) is a French Socialist politician, former French Prime minister, and currently a member of the European Parliament. ...

Contents

The events of May

The events of June

Slogans and graffiti

1968 in an international context

In pop-culture

References

See also

External links

Further reading

Contents

The events of May var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

The events of June

Slogans and graffiti

1968 in an international context

In pop-culture

References

See also

External links

Further reading

The events of May