 McMurdo Station from Observation Hill. McMurdo Station is the largest community in Antarctica (capable of supporting up to 1,258 residents[1]) and a science research center operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program, a branch of the National Science Foundation. Located at 77°51′S, 166°40′E, McMurdo sits on the southern tip of Ross Island in Antarctica, on the shore of McMurdo Sound, 2,200 miles (3,500 km) due south of New Zealand. The station is America's largest, and serves both as their Antarctic research facility, and the logistics base for half the continent. All personnel and cargo going to or coming from Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station first pass through McMurdo. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3504x1424, 1052 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): McMurdo Station Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3504x1424, 1052 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): McMurdo Station Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to...
United States Antarctic Program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ...
Map of Ross Island orthographic projection centred over Ross Island Ross Island is an island formed by three volcanoes in the Ross Sea by Antarctica, off the coast of Victoria Land in McMurdo Sound at . ...
Categories: Antarctica geography stubs | Geography of Antarctica | Ross Dependency ...
To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 106 and 107 m (1,000 and 10,000 km). ...
The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station is a U.S. research station at the South Pole, in Antarctica. ...
History The station owes its designation to nearby McMurdo Sound, named for Lieutenant Archibald McMurdo of HMS Terror, which first charted the area in 1841 under the command of British explorer James Clark Ross. British explorer Robert Falcon Scott first established a base close to this spot in 1902 and built Discovery Hut, still standing adjacent to the harbour at Hut Point. The volcanic rock of the site is the southern-most bare ground accessible by ship in the Antarctic ("Facts About the United States Antarctic Program"). The United States officially opened its first station at McMurdo on February 16, 1956. Founders initially called the station Naval Air Facility McMurdo. Archibald McMurdo (24 September 1812 ) - was a British naval officer, for whom McMurdo Sound was named. ...
HMS Terror in the Arctic HMS Terror was a bomb vessel designed by Sir Henry Peake and constructed by the Royal Navy in the Davy shipyard in Topsham, Devon. ...
Sir James Clark Ross (April 15, 1800 – April 3, 1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. ...
“Scott of the Antarctic†redirects here. ...
Box from Scotts 1910-12 expedition in his fatal attempt to reach the South Pole Seal blubber, nearly a century old, still hangs neatly perserved due to the temperature which never rises above freezing. ...
Ignimbrite is a deposit of a pyroclastic flow. ...
is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
McMurdo became the center of scientific and logistical operations during the International Geophysical Year, an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. The Antarctic Treaty, now signed by over 45 nations, regulates international relations with respect to Antarctica and governs the conduct of daily life at McMurdo for USAP participants. The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, was opened for signature on December 1, 1959, and officially entered into force on June 23, 1961. The International Geophysical Year or IGY was an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. ...
is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...
is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Antarctic Treaty from the Gundam anime, see Antarctic Treaty (Gundam) The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ...
The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only continent without a native population. ...
is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
McMurdo broke into the nuclear age on March 3, 1962, when operators activated a nuclear power plant at the station. The plant, like nearby Scott's Discovery Hut, was prefabricated in modules. Engineers designed the components to weigh no more than 30,000 pounds each and to measure no more than 8' 8" x 8' 8" x 30'. The size restriction allowed, if necessary, shipment by the Hercules LC-130 aircraft via an ice runway at the adjacent Williams Field. A single core no larger than an oil drum served as the heart of the nuclear reactor. Reportedly, the reactor replaced the need for 1,500 gallons of oil daily. (On the Ice, by Peter Clarke). Engineers applied the reactor's power, for instance, in producing steam for the salt water distillation plant. The U.S. Army Nuclear Power Program decommissioned the plant in 1972. is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The LC-130 is a ski-equipped variant of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules used in the Arctic and Antarctic. ...
Williams Field is New Zealands principal airport in Antarctica. ...
For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ...
Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ...
Synthetic motor oil An oil is any substance that is in a viscous liquid state (oily) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally water fearing) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally fat loving). This general definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated...
The US Army Nuclear Power Program (ANPP) was a program to develop small PWR and BWR nuclear power reactors for use in remote sites. ...
Contemporary function and history
 A scene at McMurdo Station. Today, McMurdo Station is Antarctica's largest community and a functional, modern day science station, which includes a harbour, 3 airfields (2 seasonal), a heliport and over 100 buildings, including the Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center and a bowling alley with an antique Brunswick manual pinset machine. There is even a 9-hole disc golf course on site. The primary focus of the work done at McMurdo Station is science, but most of the residents (approximately 1,000 in the summer and fewer than 200 in the winter) are not scientists, but station personnel who are there to provide support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance. Download high resolution version (1446x918, 102 KB)McMurdo, Crary Lab center left, slope of Ob Hill in background. ...
Download high resolution version (1446x918, 102 KB)McMurdo, Crary Lab center left, slope of Ob Hill in background. ...
A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ...
The Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center (CSEC), located at McMurdo Station, was dedicated in November 1991 by the National Science Foundation (NSF). ...
A player putting at Cass Benton Disc Golf Course; Northville, Michigan. ...
Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...
Scientists and station personnel at McMurdo are participants in the United States Antarctic Program (USAP), which co-ordinates research and operational support in the region. Reports on the life and culture of McMurdo Station from the point of view of residents are rare.
This 1983 image of the USNS Southern Cross at McMurdo Station depicts cargo operations on a floating ice pier. Such piers have been in use since 1973.
The supply ship M/V American Tern during cargo operations at McMurdo Station during Operation Deep Freeze 2006. An annual sealift by cargo ships as part of Operation Deep Freeze delivers 8 million gallons of fuel and 11 million pounds of supplies and equipment for McMurdo residents.[2] The ships are operated by the U.S. Military Sealift Command and are crewed by civilian mariners. Cargo may range from mail, construction materials, trucks, tractors, dry and frozen food, to scientific instruments. United States Coast Guard icebreakers break a ship channel through ice-clogged McMurdo Sound in order for supply ships to reach Winter Quarters Bay at McMurdo. Additional supplies and personnel are flown in to nearby Williams Field from Christchurch, New Zealand. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (918x643, 358 KB)USNS Southern Cross cargo operations at ice pier. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (918x643, 358 KB)USNS Southern Cross cargo operations at ice pier. ...
Severe cracks in an ice pier in use for four seasons at McMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved to be a safety hazard. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1632x1223, 245 KB) M/V American Tern being led into McMurdo Station, Antarctica, by the Russian Icebreaker Krasin during Operation Deepfreeze 2006. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1632x1223, 245 KB) M/V American Tern being led into McMurdo Station, Antarctica, by the Russian Icebreaker Krasin during Operation Deepfreeze 2006. ...
Icebreaker Polarstern Track of research vessel Polarstern while breaking ice in the Southern Ocean An icebreaker is a special purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters. ...
NSF picture of Russian icebreaker Krasin on its way to McMurdo Sound, Antarctica Krasin is the name of two Russian icebreakers 1917 Krasin The first icebreaker Krasin had a long, distinguished career. ...
Operation Deep Freeze I was the codename for a series of scientific expeditions to Antarctica in 1955–56. ...
Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1667 KB)The supply ship M/V American Tern during cargo operations at McMurdo Station. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1667 KB)The supply ship M/V American Tern during cargo operations at McMurdo Station. ...
Operation Deep Freeze I was the codename for a series of scientific expeditions to Antarctica in 1955–56. ...
The Military Sealift Command (MSC) is a United States Navy (USN) organization that controls most of the replenishment and military transport ships of the Navy. ...
USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the United States armed forces a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ...
Icebreaker Polarstern Track of research vessel Polarstern while breaking ice in the Southern Ocean An icebreaker is a special purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters. ...
For other uses, see Christchurch (disambiguation). ...
McMurdo Station is about 5 km away from Scott Base, the New Zealand science station, and the entire island is located within New Zealand's Ross Dependency Antarctic claim. Recently there has been criticism leveled at the base regarding its construction projects, particularly the McMurdo-South Pole highway. [1] Aerial photograph of Scott Base, Ross Island, Antarctica. ...
Political status Dependency of New Zealand Governor Anand Satyanand Area – Total 450 000 km² (174 000 mi²) Population Scott Base: 10-80 seasonally McMurdo Station: 200-1000 seasonally Currency New Zealand dollar The Ross Dependency comprises an area of Antarctica (and other land masses in the Southern Ocean) claimed by...
Territorial claims of Antarctica Antarctica territories Brazils Antarctica Territory Currently there are seven claimant nations who maintain a territorial claim on eight territories in Antarctica. ...
McMurdo-South Pole highway is a 900-mile (1450 km) planned road in Antarctica to link the United States McMurdo Station on the coast to the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. ...
McMurdo has attempted to improve environmental management and waste removal over the past decade in order to adhere to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, which was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998. This agreement prevents development and provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna, and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas. It prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific. Adhering to the Protocol, a new waste treatment facility was built at McMurdo in 2003. McMurdo (nicknamed "Mac-Town" by its residents) continues to operate as the hub for American activities on the Antarctic continent. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, also known as the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ...
is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...
is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...
Fauna is a collective term for animal life of any particular region or time. ...
Simplified schematic of an islands flora - all its plant species, highlighted in boxes. ...
Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
McMurdo, for a time, had Antarctica's only television station, AFAN-TV, running vintage programs provided by the military. The station's equipment was susceptible to "electronic burping" from the diesel generators that provide electricity in the outpost. The station was profiled in a 1974 article in TV Guide magazine. Now, McMurdo receives four channels by satellite through satellite receivers at Black Island, 25 miles away; the signals are relayed to McMurdo by digital microwave. Black Island () is an island in the Ross Archipelago immediately west of White Island. ...
Like the Australian and New Zealand stations in the Antarctic, McMurdo Station has direct-in/direct-out telephone connections to the outside world, in this case functioning as part of the New Zealand telephone system. Incoming calls are dialed as +64, then area code 2409, and the four digit local number. The Antarctic station is also home to the continent's only ATM machine.[2] ATM or atm may refer to: Look up ATM, atm in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
McMurdo Station briefly gained global notice when an anti-war protest was held on February 15, 2003. During the rally, about 50 scientists and station personnel gathered to protest the coming invasion of Iraq by the United States. McMurdo Station was the only Antarctic location to hold such a rally. is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In popular culture McMurdo Station is referred to in the science fiction movies Dark Star and Alien as being the site of a major space-traffic control center. McMurdo is mentioned in John Carpenter's The Thing and in the American adventure film Eight Below. Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ...
This article or section contains a plot summary that is overly long. ...
This article is about the first film in a series. ...
This article is about the 1982 remake of The Thing from Another World. ...
The quintessential adventure film. ...
Eight Below is a Walt Disney Pictures film directed by Frank Marshall and written by David DiGilio, which was released on February 17, 2006 in the United States. ...
Much of Kim Stanley Robinson's science fiction novel Antarctica takes place at McMurdo Station. For the late American actress, see Kim Stanley. ...
In Stargate SG-1 McMurdo is mentioned as a staging area for Earth's squadrons of F-302 fighters. Also in the same series, 50 miles from the station is the location of Earth's second Stargate, left over from an Ancient site that was once the location of Atlantis. Stargate SG-1 (often abbreviated as SG-1) is a science fiction television series, part of the Stargate franchise. ...
The F-302 Fighter is a fictional spacecraft in the science fiction television show, Stargate SG-1. ...
A typical depiction of a Milky Way Stargate Stargate is one name for a class of fictional devices which allow instantaneous travel between places. ...
Aerial view of Atlantis. ...
In Matthew Reilly's novel Ice Station McMurdo Ice Station is mentioned throughout the storyline. Matthew Reilly, born July 2nd, 1974 Sydney, is an Australian action thriller writer. ...
Ice Station is Australian thriller writer Matthew Reillys second novel, released in 1998. ...
The main character of the comic book Whiteout (created by writer Greg Rucka and artist Steve Lieber), is named Carrie Stetko. She works as a U.S. Marshal at the McMurdo station. Whiteout has multiple meanings, depending on its context: Whiteout (weather) Correction fluid (after the brand name Wite-Out) Whiteout: the movie Whiteout: the video game Whiteout: the comic book Whiteout: the rock group This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share...
Greg Rucka is an American writer of novels and comic books. ...
Steve Lieber is a comic-book illustrator. ...
Points of interest Facilities worthy of note at the station include: The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ...
The Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center (CSEC), located at McMurdo Station, was dedicated in November 1991 by the National Science Foundation (NSF). ...
Observation Hill is a large hill (750 ft/230m) located adjacent to McMurdo Station in Antarctica and commonly called Ob Hill (prononuced Obie). ...
Box from Scotts 1910-12 expedition in his fatal attempt to reach the South Pole Seal blubber, nearly a century old, still hangs neatly perserved due to the temperature which never rises above freezing. ...
Williams Field is New Zealands principal airport in Antarctica. ...
Operation Highjump (OpHjp), officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946-47, was a United States Navy operation organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd in Antarctica under the command of Richard Cruzen, which was launched on 26 August 1946 and lasted until 1947. ...
See also Severe cracks in an ice pier in use for four seasons at McMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved to be a safety hazard. ...
Icebreaker Polarstern Track of research vessel Polarstern while breaking ice in the Southern Ocean An icebreaker is a special purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters. ...
Marble Points relatively flat terrain facilitated construction in 1957 of a now-defunct dirt airstrip. ...
Categories: Antarctica geography stubs | Geography of Antarctica | Ross Dependency ...
Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano. ...
Operation Deep Freeze I was the codename for a series of scientific expeditions to Antarctica in 1955–56. ...
Aerial photograph of Scott Base, Ross Island, Antarctica. ...
Winter Quarters Bays use as a seaport began in 1901 with Robert F. Scotts Discovery Expedition Winter Quarters Bay is a small cove of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, located 2,200 miles (3,500 km) due south of New Zealand at 77°50S. The harbor is the southern...
References - United States Antarctic Research Program Calendar 1983
- "Facts About the United States Antarctic Research Program." Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation; July 1982.
- Clarke, Peter; On the Ice. Rand McNally & Company, 1966
External links Coordinates: 77°51′S, 166°40′E Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
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