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Meänkieli, or Torne Valley Finnish, is considered either as a dialect of Finnish or as a separate language that since the split of the Swedish realm in 1809 has developed in partial isolation from standard Finnish. Meänkieli literally means "our language." In Swedish it is called Tornedalsfinska. Those considering it as a dialect of Finnish maintain that on political grounds it is sometimes held to be a language distinct from Finnish, but based on purely linguistic criteria, it is a dialect of Finnish. Those considering it as a separate language object to this. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. ...
The Realm of Sweden or Svenska väldet is a term that historically was used to comprise all the territories under the control of the Swedish monarchs. ...
1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. ...
Broadly conceived, linguistics is the study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ...
Meänkieli is spoken by some 40,000-70,000 people in the Torne River Valley, in Norrbotten, along the border between Sweden and Finland. An unknown number of people with Meänkieli as mother tongue have migrated to more southerly parts of Sweden in search of employment, and are not tracked. The Torne Valley or Torne River Valley, is a valley on the border of Sweden and Finland. ...
This page attempts to present a list of languages by total native speakers. ...
Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families (families hereforth). ...
Geographical distribution of Finnic, Ugric, Samoyed and Yukaghir languages The Uralic languages form a language family of about 30 languages spoken by approximately 20 million people. ...
Geographical distribution of Finno-Ugric (Finno-Permic in blue, Ugric in green). ...
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In 1999, Sweden legally recognized five minority languages of Sweden due to its adoption of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. ...
ISO 639 is one of several international standards that lists short codes for language names. ...
SIL International is a non-profit, faith-based, scientific organization with the main purpose to study, develop and document lesser-known languages for the purpose of expanding linguistic knowledge, promoting world literacy and aiding minority language development. ...
This list of languages is alphabetical by English name. ...
The Torne Valley or Torne River Valley, is a valley on the border of Sweden and Finland. ...
Norrbotten County, or Norrbottens län, or North Bothnia is a County or län in the extreme north of Sweden. ...
First language (native language, mother tongue, or vernacular) is the language a person learns first. ...
Meänkieli is chiefly distinguished by a lack of influence from modern 19th and 20th century standard Finnish. Meänkieli also contains many loanwords from Swedish which pertain to daily and public life, for instance from the fields of law and governmental administration. Meänkieli lacks two of the declensions used in standard Finnish, the comitative case and the instructive case. In Finland Meänkieli is seen as a sub-dialect of the northern Finnish dialect. There is also a dialect of Meänkieli spoken around Gällivare which differs even more from standard Finnish. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
A loanword (or a borrowing) is a word taken in by one language from another. ...
In linguistics, declension is a feature of inflected languages: generally, the alteration of a noun to indicate its grammatical role. ...
The Comitative case is used where English would use in company with or together with. It, and many other cases, are found in the Finnish language, the Hungarian language, and the Estonian language. ...
In the Finnish language, the instructive case has the basic meaning of by means of. It is a comparatively rarely used case, though it is found in some commonly used expressions, such as omin silmin -> with my own eyes. In modern Finnish, many of its instrumental uses are being superseded...
A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. ...
Gällivare is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
On April 1, 2002, Meänkieli became one of the five officially recognized "minority languages" of Sweden. It is most commonly used in the municipalities of Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala and Övertorneå. However, very few of the employees in the public sector have sufficient literacy in the language; some 50% of civil servants have oral proficiency in Finnish and/or Meänkieli. April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ...
2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In 1999, Sweden legally recognized five minority languages of Sweden due to its adoption of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. ...
The Municipalities or Kommuner represent the local level of self government in Sweden. ...
Gällivare is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Haparanda is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Kiruna (from ( Sami) Giron, (white) grouse) is a town and Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Pajala is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Övertorneå is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Today Meänkieli is declining as an active language in Sweden. Few young Swedes in the region speak Meänkieli in daily life, though many have passive knowledge of the language from family use. The language is taught at Luleå University of Technology and Umeå University. Luleå University of Technology Luleå University of Technology or Luleå tekniska universitet is a university in Luleå, Sweden. ...
Umeå University Umeå University or Umeå universitet is a state university in Umeå, Sweden. ...
Controversy
Education in and on Meänkieli has been criticized on the ground that standard Finnish would give the pupils considerably greater possibilities for further studies, access to the much richer Finnish literature, and additionally improve the relations between Finland and Sweden and between Swedes and Ethnic Finns in both countries. The ethnic Finns are the dominant ethnic group in Finland, and the largest ethnic minority in Sweden, the Sweden-Finns. ...
The governmental and legal support for Meänkieli as a minority language has proved to be weaker than in comparable countries, such as Norway, Finland, and the Netherlands.
Different Swedish cabinets argued for many years that the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages did not make a sufficient distinction between recent immigrants and indigenous minorities, which in the case of Finnish speakers made a great difference for Sweden; from 1940 to 1970 Sweden had received some 400,000 immigrants from Finland to its urban and industrial centers. By 1995 this dilemma was solved by emphasizing the difference between standard Finnish, spoken by immigrants, and Meänkieli, spoken by the indigenous minority in the far north. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages is a European convention (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe. ...
1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ...
1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also Ethnicity Beside the Swedes, the Sweden-Finns are the largest ethnic minority comprising of approximately 50,000 indigenous along the Swedish-Finnish border, and 450,000 first- and second generation immigrated ethnic Finns. ...
Sweden Finns (Ruotsinsuomalaiset in Finnish, Sverigefinnarna in Swedish) are a Finnish speaking minority in Sweden. ...
External link - Tornedalen Finnish (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=FIT) at ethnologue.com
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