Meänkieli, or Torne Valley Finnish, is a A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. The number of speakers, and the area itself, can be of arbitrary size. It follows that a dialect for a larger... dialect of Finnish is spoken by the majority (92%) in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is an official language in Finland. Finnish is a member of the Finno-Ugric language family and is an agglutinative language which modifies the forms of both noun and adjective depending on their roles... Finnish that since the split of the The Realm of Sweden or Svenska väldet is a term that historically was used to comprise all the territories under the control of the Swedish monarchs. This article is part of the History of Sweden series Viking Age Early Kingdoms Unification Modern Sweden A New Great Power The... Swedish realm in 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Contents // 1 Events 2 Ongoing events 3 Births 4 Deaths Events January 16 - Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of Corunna. February 3 - Illinois Territory was created. February 11 - Robert Fulton patents the steamboat... 1809 has developed in partial isolation from A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. It is said to be the most correct language of a nation. Usually, but not always, based on the tongue of a capital city... standard Finnish. Meänkieli literally means "our language." In Swedish (svenska  listen?) is a Scandinavian language language spoken predominantly in Sweden, Finland and Åland by over 8 million native speakers. Swedish is closely related to, and usually mutually intelligible with, Danish and Norwegian and to some degree with Faroese. Swedish began to evolve as a seperate language... Swedish it is called Tornedalsfinska. On political grounds it is sometimes held to be language distinct from Finnish, but based on purely Broadly conceived, linguistics is the study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. Contents // 1 Dichotomies and language 2 Areas of theoretical linguistics 3 Diachronic linguistics 4 Applied linguistics 5 Contextual linguistics 6 Individual speakers, language communities, and linguistic universals 7 Prescription and description... linguistic criteria, it is a dialect of Finnish.

Meänkieli is spoken by some The tornedalians are a Finnic people, traditionally speaking Meänkieli (which is widely considered to be a Finnish dialect). They constitute a Finnic minority in northern Norway, and along the Swedish side of the Finnish border that follows the Torne Valley. Tornedalians are often considered to be Sweden Finns... 40,000-70,000 people in the The Torne Valley or Torne River Valley, is a valley on the border of Sweden and Finland. It is named after the Torne River flowing through the valley and into the Gulf of Bothnia. The Swedish side of the valley is home to a unique culture, which has its own... Torne River Valley, in Norrbotten County, or Norrbottens län, or North Bothnia is a County or län in the extreme north of Sweden. It borders to Västerbotten County and the Gulf of Bothnia. It also borders to Lapland Province in Finland, Nordland and Troms counties in Norway. The... Norrbotten, along the border between The Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish: Konungariket Sverige  listen?) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. It is bordered by Norway on the west, Finland on the northeast, the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait on the southwest, and the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia on... Sweden and The Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west. Finland has land frontiers with Sweden, Norway and Russia and... Finland. An unknown number of people with Meänkieli as First language (native language, mother tongue, or vernacular) is the language a person learns first. Correspondingly, the person is called a native speaker of the language. Usually a child learns the basics of their first language from their family. Good skills in native language are essential for further learning, as... mother tongue have migrated to more southerly parts of Sweden in search of employment, and are not tracked.

Meänkieli is chiefly distinguished by a lack of influence from modern Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. In the sense of the Common Era... 19th and (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... 20th century standard Finnish. Meänkieli also contains many A loanword (or a borrowing) is a word taken in by one language from another. The word loanword itself is a calque of the German Lehnwort. A calque or loan translation is a related process whereby it is the meaning or idiom that is borrowed rather the lexical item itself... loanwords from Swedish which pertain to daily and public life, for instance from the fields of law and governmental administration. Meänkieli lacks two of the In linguistics, declension is a feature of inflected languages: generally, the alteration of a noun to indicate its grammatical role. In inflected languages, nouns are said to decline into different forms, or morphological cases. Morphological cases are one way of indicating grammatical case; other ways are listed below. This is... declensions used in standard Finnish, the The Comitative case is used where English would use in company with or together with. It, and many other cases, are found in the Finnish language, the Hungarian language, and the Estonian language. In the Estonian language comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ga to the genitive in case... comitative case and the In the Finnish language, the instructive case has the basic meaning of by means of. It is a comparatively rarely used case, though it is found in some commonly used expressions, such as omin silmin -> with my own eyes. In modern Finnish, many of its instrumental uses are being... instructive case. In Finland Meänkieli is seen as a sub- A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. The number of speakers, and the area itself, can be of arbitrary size. It follows that a dialect for a larger... dialect of the northern Finnish dialect. There is also a dialect of Meänkieli spoken around Gällivare is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. The municipality covers an area of 16000.0 km². Of the total population of 20037, 10297 are male, and 9740 are female. The population density of the community is 1 inhabitants per km². Iron ore is... Gällivare which differs even more from standard Finnish.

On April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. April Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... April 1, 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. It was designated: International Year of Ecotourism and Mountains National Science Year in the United Kingdom Autism Awareness Year in the United Kingdom Years: 1999 2000 2001 - 2002 - 2003 2004 2005 Decades: 1970s 1980s 1990s - 2000s - 2010s 2020s... 2002, Meänkieli became one of the five officially recognized " In 1999, Sweden legally recognized five minority languages of Sweden due to its adoption of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. These minority languages are: Sami language Meänkieli-Finnish Standard- Finnish Romani chib Yiddish Although Sweden has no official language, Swedish is the national language and... minority languages" of Sweden. It is most commonly used in the The Municipalities or Kommuner represent the local level of self government in Sweden. Each municipality also belong to one of the 21 Counties of Sweden or Län. Municipalities can be further divided into boroughs (stadsdelsnämnder or kommundelsnämnder). The existence of such divisions are at... municipalities of Gällivare is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. The municipality covers an area of 16000.0 km². Of the total population of 20037, 10297 are male, and 9740 are female. The population density of the community is 1 inhabitants per km². Iron ore is... Gällivare, Haparanda is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. The municipality covers an area of 918.3 km². Of the total population of 10412, 5290 are male, and 5122 are female. The population density of the community is 11 inhabitants per km². It borders to the Finnish... Haparanda, Kiruna (from ( Sami) Giron, (white) grouse) is a town and Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. The municipality covers an area of 19,446.8 km². Of the total population of 24,314, 12,519 are male, and 11,795 are female. The population density of the community... Kiruna, Pajala is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. The municipality covers an area of 7886.1 km². Of the total population of 7480, 3923 are male, and 3557 are female. The population density of the community is 1 inhabitants per km². See also Pajala Court District... Pajala and Övertorneå is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. The municipality covers an area of 2374.0 km². Of the total population of 5602, 2888 are male, and 2714 are female. The population density of the community is 2 inhabitants per km². See also Torne... Övertorneå. However, very few of the employees in the public sector have sufficient literacy in the language; some 50% of civil servants have oral proficiency in Finnish and/or Meänkieli.

Today Meänkieli is declining as an active language in Sweden. Few young Swedes in the region speak Meänkieli in daily life, though many have passive knowledge of the language from family use. The language is taught at Luleå University of Technology Swedish Luleå tekniska universitet (LTU) Motto {{{motto}}} Established 1971 School type Public University President Prof. Ingegerd Palmer Location Luleå, Sweden Students 10,500 undergraduate and professional 2,000 doctoral students Teaching staff 1,500 Member EUA Homepage http://www.ltu.se/ Luleå... Luleå University of Technology and Umeå University Swedish Umeå universitet (UMU) Motto - Established 1965 School type Public University Rector Prof. Inge-Bert Täljedal Location Umeå, Sweden Students 25,550 undergraduate and professional 1,250 doctoral students Teaching staff 3,900 Member - Homepage http://www.umu.se/ Umeå University or... Umeå University.

Controversy

Education in and on Meänkieli has been criticized on the ground that standard Finnish would give the pupils considerably greater possibilities for further studies, access to the much richer Finnish literature, and additionally improve the relations between Finland and Sweden and between Swede (turnip /neep in Scotland) is also the British name for what the Americans call rutabaga. The Swedes are a people of Germanic origin, having their primarily geographical location on the eastern side of the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Identification, or the identity, as Swedes are today resting on... Swedes and The ethnic Finns are the dominant ethnic group in Finland, and the largest ethnic minority in Sweden, the Sweden-Finns. An indigenous minority of ethnic Finns also live in Norway, the Kvens. Ethnic Finns share a common language and culture, the Finnish culture, although it is common to make a... Ethnic Finns in both countries.

The governmental and legal support for Meänkieli as a minority language has proved to be weaker than in comparable countries, such as The Kingdom of Norway is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering Sweden, Finland and Russia, with territorial waters bordering Danish and British waters. It has a very elongated form and has an extensive coastline along the North Atlantic Ocean, where Norways famous fjords... Norway, Finland, and the The Netherlands ( Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ( Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). The Netherlands is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, located in northwestern Europe. It borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the... Netherlands.

Different Swedish cabinets argued for many years that the The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages is a European convention (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe. It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties... European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages did not make a sufficient distinction between recent immigrants and indigenous minorities, which in the case of Finnish speakers made a great difference for Sweden; from 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). Contents // 1 Events 1.1 January-February 1.2 March-April 1.3 May 1.4 June 1.5 July-August 1.6 September-October 1.7 November 1.8 Unknown Date 1.9 Ongoing Events... 1940 to 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. Years: 1967 1968 1969 - 1970 - 1971 1972 1973 Decades: 1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1970 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music - Television Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science Other topics... 1970 Sweden had received some 400,000 immigrants from Finland to its urban and industrial centers. By 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. It was the first year of the International Decade of the Worlds Indigenous People (1995- 2005): http://www.unesco.org/culture/indigenous/ Years: 1992 1993 1994 - 1995 - 1996 1997 1998 Decades: 1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s... 1995 this dilemma was solved by emphasizing the difference between standard Finnish, spoken by immigrants, and Meänkieli, spoken by the indigenous minority in the far north.

See also

• Ethnicity Beside the Swedes, the Sweden-Finns are the largest ethnic minority comprising of approximately 50,000 indigenous along the Swedish-Finnish border, and 450,000 first- and second generation immigrated ethnic Finns. Also in the furthest North a small indigenous population of Samis live (sometimes referred to as Lapps... Demographics of Sweden
• Sweden Finns (Ruotsinsuomalaiset in Finnish, Sverigefinnarna in Swedish) are a Finnish speaking minority in Sweden. The Sweden Finns are not to be confused with the Swedish speaking Finland-Swedes in Finland. In the 1940s, 70,000 young children were evacuated from Finland to Sweden during the Winter War and the... Sweden Finns

External link

• Tornedalen Finnish (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=FIT) at ethnologue.com