In music, a measure is a unit of time in Western music usually equalling the metric unit length. It represents a regular grouping of beats, a meter, as indicated in musical notation by the time signature. Measures are also called bars, since measures are separated by vertical bars (called bar lines) in musical notation.
In war, a measure is some tactic used by a friend or a foe; an opposing tactic is called a countermeasure; an opposing tactic to a countermeasure can be called a counter countermeasure, etc.
In functional programming, a measure is a method of proving that a function will terminate.
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To express a measurement, there must be a basic unit of the quantity involved, e.g., the inch or second, and a standard of measurement (instrument) calibrated in such units, e.g., a ruler or clock.
Measurement, on the other hand, involves entities that may be subdivided into smaller and smaller fractions and is thus always an estimate.
This distinction between measurement and counting seems, on the surface, to break down at the atomic level, where the quantumtheory reveals that not only mass (in the form of elementary particles and atoms) but also many other quantities occur only in discrete units, or quanta.