anterior/ventral: Arcuate nucleus of medulla • Pyramid (Decussation) • Olivary body • Inferior olivary nucleus • Anterior median fissure • Ventral respiratory group The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as UW–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, or UW) is a highly selective public research university located in Madison, Wisconsin. ... BrainMaps is an NIH-funded interactive zoomable high-resolution digital brain atlas and virtual microscope that is based on more than 10 million megapixels (30 terabytes) of scanned images of serial sections of both primate and non-primate brains and that is integrated with a high-speed database for querying... Italic text // ahh addiing sum spiice iin hurr`` For other uses, see Brain (disambiguation). ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The myelencephalon is a developmental categorization of a portion of the central nervous system. ... The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem. ... Grays Fig. ... The anterior district of the medulla oblongata is named the pyramid and lies between the anterior median fissure and the antero-lateral sulcus. ... The two pyramids contain the motor fibers which pass from the brain to the medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers. ... In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. ... In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. ... The anterior median fissure (ventral or ventromedian fissure) contains a fold of pia mater, and extends along the entire length of the medulla oblongata: it ends at the lower border of the pons in a small triangular expansion, termed the foramen cecum. ... The ventral respiratory group is a group of neurons in the medulla which initiates inhalation. ...

posterior/dorsal: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract • XII, X: Dorsal • IX,X,XI: Ambiguus • IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus • Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus/Accessory cuneate nucleus • Area postrema • Posterior median sulcus • Dorsal respiratory group The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) cranial nerves, as well as the cranial part of the accessory nerve (XI). ... The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) cranial nerves, as well as the cranial part of the accessory nerve (XI). ... The hypoglossal nucleus extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. ... The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. ... The nucleus ambiguus (literally ambiguous nucleus) is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. ... The inferior salivatory nucleus is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which stimulates secretion from the parotid gland. ... Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participates in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception. ... Cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the medulla. ... The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation (the crossing fibers of the posterior column/medial lemniscus tract). ... The Area postrema is a part of the brain. ... The posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata (or posterior median fissure) is a narrow groove; and exists only in the closed part of the medulla oblongata; it becomes gradually shallower from below upward, and finally ends about the middle of the medulla oblongata, where the central canal expands into the... The dorsal repiratory group is found in many types of fish and marine mammals. ...

raphe/reticular: Sensory decussation • Reticular formation (Gigantocellular nucleus, Parvocellular reticular nucleus, Ventral reticular nucleus, Lateral reticular nucleus, Paramedian reticular nucleus) • Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus) The decussation of the sensory fibers of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus is situated above that of the motor fibers, and is named the decussation of the lemniscus or sensory decussation. ... The reticular formation is a part of the brain which is involved in stereotypical actions, such as walking, sleeping, and lying down. ... The gigantocellular nucleus, as the name indicates, is mainly composed of the so called giant neuronal cells. ... The parvocellular reticular nucleus is located dorsolateral to the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. ... The ventral reticular nucleus is a continuation of the parvocellular nucleus in the brainstem. ... A nucleus of the medulla oblongata involved with co-ordinating baroreceptor signals to control arterial blood pressure. ... The paramedian reticular nucleus (in Terminologia Anatomica, or paramedian medullary reticular group in NeuroNames) sends its connections to the spinal cord in a mostly ipsilateral manner, although there is some decussation. ... The raphe nuclei (Latin for the bit in a fold or seam) is a moderately sized cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem, and releases serotonin to the rest of the brain. ... The nucleus raphe obscurus, despite the implications of its name, has some very specific functions and connections of afferent and efferent nature. ... The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. ... The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. ...

tracts: Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior)ʥ Inferior cerebellar peduncleʥ Olivocerebellar tractʥ Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral)ʥ Spinothalamic tractʥ PCML (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers, Medial lemniscus)ʥ Extrapyramidal (Rubrospinal tract, Vestibulospinal tract, Tectospinal tract) The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ... The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ... The anterior corticospinal tract (also called the direct pyramidal tract or anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. ... Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ... The olivocerebellar tract (olivocerebellar fibers) leaves the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raph̩, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to... The spinocerebellar tract is a set of axonal fibers originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the cerebellum. ... The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs fasciculus, Flechsigs tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. ... The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. ... The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord that transmits information about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus. ... The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (called the dorsal column in non-humans) is the sensory pathway responsible for transmitting discriminative sensation from the skin to the thalamus, and on to the cerebral cortex. ... The posterior external arcuate fibers (dorsal external arcuate fibers) take origin in the gracile and cuneate nuclei; they pass to the inferior peduncle of the same side. ... Internal arcuate fibers are the axons of second-order neurons contained within the gracile and cuneate nuclei of the medulla oblongata. ... In human anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a neural network located in the brain that is part of the motor system involved in the coordination of movement. ... The rubrospinal tract is part of the indirect extra-pyramidal tract and is responsible for large muscle movement such as the arms and the legs. ... The vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial pathway. ... The tectospinal tract is part of the indirect extrapyramidal tract and is responsible for coordinating head and eye movements, It is responsible for impulses that are motor. ...

anterior/ventral: Superior olivary nucleus • Basis pontis (Pontine nuclei, Middle cerebellar peduncles) The metencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system. ... Position of the pons in the human brain The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a knob on the brain stem. ... For the cerebellar structure, see Dentate nucleus. ... The basis pontis is the anterior portion of the pons. ... The pontine nuclei are a part of the pons which store the memory of intention during motor activity. ... The middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis) are composed entirely of centripetal fibers, which arise from the cells of the nuclei pontis of the opposite side and end in the cerebellar cortex; the fibers are arranged in three fasciculi, superior, inferior, and deep. ...

posterior/dorsal: Pontine tegmentum (Trapezoid body, Superior medullary velum, Locus ceruleus, MLF, Vestibulocerebellar tract, V Principal Spinal & Motor, VI, VII, VII: Superior salivary nucleus) • VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Lateral, Superior) The pontine tegmentum is a part of the pons of the brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. ... The trapezoid body is part of the acoustic pathway. ... The superior medullary velum (anterior medullary velum, valve of Vieussens) is a thin, transparent lamina of white substance, which stretches between the superior peduncle; on the dorsal surface of its lower half the folia and lingula are prolonged. ... The Locus ceruleus, also spelled locus caeruleus or locus coeruleus (Latin for the blue spot), is a nucleus in the brain stem responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. ... The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a group of axons on each side of the brainstem, that carry information about the direction that the eyes should move. ... The vestibulocerebellar tract is a tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex. ... The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ... The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus) receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw. ... The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ... The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ... The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. ... The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). ... The Superior salivary nucleus (or superior salivatory nucleus) of the facial nerve is a visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum. ... The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the lateral cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. ... The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the tuberculum acousticum) differs from the ventral portion of the CN as it not only projects to the Inferior Colliculus (IC) but also receives efferent innervation from auditory cortex, superior olivary complex and inferior colliculus. ... The anterior cochlear nucleus (or ventral, or accessory ) placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. ... The nuclei of the vestibular nerve. ... The lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters’s nucleus) is the continuation upward and lateralward of the principal nucleus, and in it terminate many of the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. ... The superior vestibular nucleus (Bechterew’s nucleus) is the dorso-lateral part of the vestibular nucleus and receives collaterals and terminals from the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. ...

raphe/reticular: Reticular formation (Caudal pontine reticular nucleus, Oral pontine reticular nucleus, Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus, Paramedian pontine reticular formation) • Median raphe nucleus The reticular formation is a part of the brain which is involved in stereotypical actions, such as walking, sleeping, and lying down. ... The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. ... The oral pontine reticular nucleus is delineated from its caudal brother, with which it shares its first three names. ... The tegmental pontine reticular nucleus (or pontine reticular nucleus of the tegmentum) is also known to affect the cerebellum with its axonal projections. ... The paramedian pontine reticular formation, or PPRF, is a brain region, without clearly defined borders, in the center of the pons. ... The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. ...

Apneustic center • Pneumotaxic center The apneustic center of the lower pons appears to promote inspiration by stimulation of the I neurons in the medulla oblongata providing a constant stimulus. ... The pneumotaxic center of the upper pons antagonises the apneustic centre. ...

Touch/mechanoreceptors: Pacinian corpuscles • Meissner's corpuscles • Merkel's discs • Ruffini endings • Free nerve endings • Hair cells • Baroreceptor Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ... Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ... Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ... The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. ... The Median Aperture of the brain (apertura medialis ventriculi quarte) or Foramen of Magendie is an opening in the hollow nerve tube, connecting the 4th ventricle of the brain with the subarachnoid space The median aperture along with the paired lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka) are the primary routes for... The two lateral apertures (or foramina of Luschka), along with the median aperture, comprise the three openings in the roof of the fourth ventricle. ... The anterior part of the fourth ventricle is named, from its shape, the rhomboid fossa, and its anterior wall, formed by the back of the pons and medulla oblongata, constitutes the floor of the fourth ventricle. ... The cells of the dorsal nucleus are spindle-shaped, like those of the posterior column of the spinal cord, and the nucleus is usually considered as representing the base of the posterior column. ... In the upper part of the medulla oblongata, the hypoglossal nucleus approaches the rhomboid fossa, where it lies close to the middle line, under an eminence named the hypoglossal trigone. ... IrOBEX (or just OBEX) is a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of binary objects between devices. ... In the fourth ventricle, the sulcus limitans forms the lateral boundary of the medial eminence. ... The facial colliculus is an elevated area located on the dorsal medulla. ... The rhomboid fossa is divided into symmetrical halves by a median sulcus which reaches from the upper to the lower angles of the fossa and is deeper below than above. ... The lateral recess is a projection of the fourth ventricle which extends into the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the brainstem. ... Italic text // ahh addiing sum spiice iin hurr`` For other uses, see Brain (disambiguation). ... In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals. ... The tectum (Latin: roof) is the dorsal part of the midbrain, derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. ... Corpora quadrigemina (Latin: four twins) is the collective name given to both pairs of the inferior and superior colliculi. ... The paired inferior colliculi together with the superior colliculi form the eminences of the corpora quadrigemina. ... The superior colliculus is part of the brain that sits below the thalamus and surrounds the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. ... The subcommissural organ is a circumventricular organ consisting of ependymal cells which secrete somatostatin. ... Pretectum is a structure located in the forebrain. ... The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. ... The midbrain tegmentum is part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct. ... Periaqueductal Gray (PAG; also called the central gray) is the midbrain grey matter that is located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. ... The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum. ... The dorsal raphe nucleus consists of rostral and caudal subdivisions. ... Grays FIG. 712– Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi. ... The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the brainstem, caudal to the substantia nigra and adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle. ... The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. ... The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a group of axons on each side of the brainstem, that carry information about the direction that the eyes should move. ... The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. ... The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. ... The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is the accessory parasympathetic nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, supplying the constricting muscles of the iris. ... The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus. ... The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with proprioception, that is, the feeling of position of the muscles. ... The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. ... The substantia nigra, (Latin for black substance, Soemering) or locus niger is a heterogeneous portion of the midbrain, separating the pes (foot) from the tegmentum (covering), and a major element of the basal ganglia system. ... The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts. ... The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ... The corticobulbar (or corticonuclear) tract is a white matter pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem (the term bulbar referring to the brainstem). ... Corticopontine fibers connect the voluntary impulses from the cerebral cortex to the pons. ... The frontopontine fibers are situated in the medial fifth of the base of the cerebral peduncles; they arise from the cells of the frontal lobe and end in the nuclei of the pons. ... In the human nervous system the temporopontine fibers are lateral to the cerebrospinal fibers; they originate in the temporal lobe and end in the nuclei pontis. ... The Human Nervous System The nervous system of a human coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and also stops input from the senses, and initiates actions. ... In a sensory system, a sensory receptor is a structure that recognizes a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. ... Somatic sensation consists of the various sensory receptors that trigger the experiences labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), and the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, and facial expression (collectively also called proprioception). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A mechanoreceptor is a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. ... A Pacinian corpuscle is a structure that functions as a mechanoreceptor. ... Meissners corpuscles (discovered by the anatomist Georg Meissner (1829-1903) are a type of mechanoreceptor and more specifically, a tactile corpuscle(corpusculum tactus). ... Merkel nerve endings are mechanoreceptors found in the skin and mucosa of vertebrates that provide touch information to the brain. ... Ruffini Endings are one of the four main cutaneous mechanoreceptors. ... NERVE ENDINGS SUCK PENIS!!! ... Hair cells are the sensory cells of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in all vertebrates. ... Baroreceptors (or baroceptors) in the human body detect the pressure of blood flowing though them, and can send messages to the central nervous system to increase or decrease total peripheral resistance and cardiac output. ...

Proprioception: Golgi organ • Muscle spindle (Intrafusal muscle fiber • Nuclear chain fiber • Nuclear bag fiber) // Proprioception (PRO-pree-o-SEP-shun (IPA pronunciation: ); from Latin proprius, meaning ones own and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. ... Organ of Golgi (neurotendinous spindle) from the human tendo calcaneus. ... A muscle spindle is a specialized muscle structure innervated by both sensory and motor neuron axons. ... Intrafusal fibers are muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle. ... Brief Outline: There are 3-9 nuclear chain fibres per muscle spindle that are half the size of the nuclear bag fibres. ... Brief Outline: 1-3 nuclear bag fibres lie in the centre of each intrafusal muscle fibre of a muscle spindle. ...

Pain: Nociceptors The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord that transmits information about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus. ... Look up Pain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A nociceptor is a sensory receptor that sends signals that cause the perception of pain in response to potentially damaging stimulus. ...

Temperature: Thermoreceptors Fig. ... A thermoreceptor is a sensory receptor that responds to temperature, primarily within the innocuous range. ...