 A map showing average age figures for 2001 Ageing or aging is the process of becoming older. This traditional definition was recently challenged in the new "Handbook of the Biology of Aging" (Academic Press, 2006), where ageing was specifically defined as the process of system's deterioration with time, thus allowing for existence of non-ageing systems (when "old is as good as new"), and anti-ageing interventions (when accumulated damage is repaired). This article focuses on the social, cognitive, cultural, and economic effects of ageing. The biology of ageing is treated in detail in senescence. Ageing is an important part of all human societies reflecting the biological changes that occur, but also reflecting cultural and societal conventions. Image File history File links Human_age_contrast. ...
Image File history File links Human_age_contrast. ...
Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or knowing man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ...
A life cycle is a period involving one generation of an organism through means of reproduction, whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. ...
Declining-balance depreciation of a $50,000 asset with $6,500 salvage value over 20 years. ...
// The Unobservable Although the term social is a crucial category in social science and often used in public discourse, its meaning is often vague, suggesting that it is a fuzzy concept. ...
Cognitive The scientific study of how people obtain, retrieve, store and manipulate information. ...
The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...
Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νÎμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ...
Biology is the branch of science dealing with the study of life. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ageing. ...
Age is usually measured in full years (except for young children, where this downward rounding would be too crude) and a person's birthday is often an important event. A year is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. ...
A child on her first birthday A birthday is the date on which a person is born, marking the day a life begins. ...
There is often considerable social pressure in many societies to sustain denial of the ageing process. Considerable energy, money and time is expended to hide signs of ageing, especially among women. This may involve dyeing hair, elaborate make-up, or even cosmetic surgery. Among the young, however, there is often a desire to seem older to gain more responsibility and respect. Hair coloring products generally fall into four categories: temporary, semipermanent, deposit only/demi, and permanent. ...
Cosmetics or makeup are substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning. ...
Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. ...
The issues of an ageing population in which the average age of a society is increasing is an important issue in many nations of the world. The societal effects of age are great. Young people tend to commit most crimes, they are more likely to push for political and social change, to develop and adopt new technologies, and to need education. Older people have different requirements from society and government as opposed to young people, and frequently differing values as well. Older people are also far more likely to vote, and in many countries the young are forbidden from voting, and thus the aged have comparatively more political influence. In demographics population ageing occurs when the average age of a regions population gets older. ...
Senescence: the biology of ageing
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In biology, senescence is the state or process of ageing. Cellular senescence is a phenomenon where isolated cells demonstrate a limited ability to divide in culture. Organismal senescence is the ageing of organisms. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ageing. ...
Biology is the branch of science dealing with the study of life. ...
Ageing is believed to have evolved because of the increasingly smaller probability of an organism still being alive at older age, due to predation and accidents, both of which may be entirely random and age-invariant. It is thought that strategies which result in a higher reproductive rate at a young age, but shorter overall lifespan, result in a higher lifetime reproductive success and are therefore favoured by natural selection. Natural selection is the process by which individual organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. ...
Organismal ageing is generally characterized by the declining ability to respond to stress, increasing homeostatic imbalance and increased risk of disease. Because of this, death is the ultimate consequence of ageing. Some researchers are treating ageing as a "disease" in gerontology (specifically biogerontologists), although this view is controversial. In scientific circles, the controversy of treating ageing as a disease is decreasing. That is, as genes that have an effect on ageing are discovered, ageing is increasingly being regarded in a similar fashion to other genetic conditions, including genetic diseases. For example, the sirtuin family of genes have been shown to have a significant effect on the lifespan of yeast and nematodes. Similarly, the discovery of genes for Tay-Sachs disease and insulin production reveal that many human conditions are genetically based. At the cell level, it has been shown that cells can be immortalized by the introduction of an additional gene for telomerase. In cell biology, there are links to deceleration of ageing by the presence of nutritionally derived polyphenol antioxidants. Stress (roughly the opposite of relaxation) is a medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome, first described in 1936 by Hans Selye in the journal Nature. ...
Homeostasis is the property of an open system, especially living organisms, to regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable, constant condition, by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments, controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms. ...
A disease is an abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person afflicted or those in contact with the person. ...
Death is the full cessation of vital functions in the biological life. ...
A disease is an abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person afflicted or those in contact with the person. ...
Gerontology is the study of the elderly, and of the aging process itself. ...
Gerontology is the study of the elderly, and of the aging process itself. ...
Yeasts are single-celled (unicellular) fungi, a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread, ferment alcoholic beverages, and even drive experimental fuel cells. ...
Classes Adenophora Subclass Enoplia Subclass Chromadoria Secernentea Subclass Rhabditia Subclass Spiruria Subclass Diplogasteria The roundworms (Phylum Nematoda) are one of the most common phyla of animals, with over 20,000 different described species. ...
Telomerase is an enzyme, that adds specific DNA sequence repeats, (TTAGGG in all vertebrates) to the 3 (three prime) end of DNA strands, in the telomere regions at the ends of chromosomes which contain condensed DNA material during replication. ...
Molecular structure of flavone, a common Polyphenol antioxidant Polyphenol antioxidant is a class of multi-phenolic compounds known for their role of down-regulating free radical formation in mammals . ...
 Hans Baldung Grien: The Ages And Death, c. 1540-1543 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (757x2010, 152 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Lebensalter und der Tod Technique: de: Holz Dimensions: de: 150,9 × 59,8 cm Country of origin: de: Deutschland Current location (city): de: Madrid Current location (gallery): de: Museo del Prado Other notes: de...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (757x2010, 152 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Lebensalter und der Tod Technique: de: Holz Dimensions: de: 150,9 × 59,8 cm Country of origin: de: Deutschland Current location (city): de: Madrid Current location (gallery): de: Museo del Prado Other notes: de...
Dividing the lifespan A human life is often arbitrarily divided into various ages. Because biological changes are slow moving and vary from person to person arbitrary dates are usually set to mark periods of human life. In some cultures the divisions given below are quite varied.
In the USA and other countries, adulthood legally begins at the age of eighteen or nineteen, while old age is considered to begin at age sixty-five. See Adult. ...
Old age consists of ages nearing the average life span of human beings, and thus the end of the human life cycle. ...
Ages can also be divided by decade: The term conception can refer to more than one meaning: Concept Fertilisation This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Categories: Biology stubs ...
Embryos (and one tadpole) of the wrinkled frog (Rana rugosa). ...
Fetus at eight weeks Foetus redirects here. ...
A human infant The word Infant derives from the Latin in-fans, meaning unable to speak. ...
A male toddler A female toddler A toddler is a child between the ages of one and three years old, although some may consider a toddler to be between two and five. ...
A male Caucasian toddler child A child (plural: children) is a young human. ...
American high school students Adolescence is the period of psychological and social transition between childhood and adulthood (gender-specific, manhood, or womanhood). ...
The general term Young adult refers to different age groups based on context: In popular usage, young adult is a euphemism for an adolescent. ...
See Adult. ...
Middle age is a non-specific stage in life when one is neither young nor old, but somewhere in between. ...
Old age consists of ages nearing the average life span of human beings, and thus the end of the human life cycle. ...
Death is the full cessation of vital functions in the biological life. ...
- Vicenarian: someone between 20 and 29 years of age
- Tricenarian: someone between 30 and 39 years of age
- Quadragenarian: someone between 40 and 49 years of age
- Quinquagenarian: someone between 50 and 59 years of age
- Sexagenarian: someone between 60 and 69 years of age
- Septuagenarian: someone between 70 and 79 years of age
- Octogenarian: someone between 80 and 89 years of age
- Nonagenarian: someone between 90 and 99 years of age
- Centenarian: someone between 100 and 109 years of age
- Supercentenarian: someone over 110 years of age
See also Seven ages of man for an older system of dividing the human life. A centenarian is a person who has attained the age of 100 years or more. ...
A supercentenarian (sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian) is someone who has reached the age of 110 years or more, something achieved by only one in a thousand centenarians (0. ...
William Shakespeares As You Like It contains a soliloquy in Act II, Scene 7 by the melancholy Jacques. ...
Society and ageing
Legal
 A British pensioner, 2005 There are variations in many countries as to what age a person legally becomes an adult. I am the copyright holder. ...
I am the copyright holder. ...
In the United States there are issues such as voting age, drinking age, age of consent, age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, marriageable age, age where one can hold public office, and mandatory retirement age. Admission to a movie for instance, may depend on age according to a motion picture rating system. The voting age is the minimum legal age at which a person may vote in a governmental election. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
It has been suggested that Ages of consent in South America be merged into this article or section. ...
In law, the age of majority is the age at which one acquires the full legal rights of an adult. ...
Defense of infancy is a form of defense by excuse; in which a defendant argues that, at the time a law was broken, they were not criminally liable for their actions, as they had not reached an age of criminal responsibility. ...
This is an incomplete list of ages at which people are allowed to marry in various countries. ...
A mandatory retirement age is the age at which persons who hold certain jobs or offices are required by statute to step down, or retire. ...
It has been suggested that film certification be merged into this article or section. ...
Similarly in the United States in jurisprudence, the defence of infancy is a form of defence by which a defendant argues that, at the time a law was broken, they were not liable for their actions, and thus should not be held liable for a crime. Many courts recognize that defendants, which are considered to be juveniles, may avoid criminal prosecution on account of their age. Jurisprudence is essentially the theory and philosophy of law. ...
In most litigation under the common law adversarial system the defendant, perhaps with the assistance of counsel, may allege or present defenses (or defences) in order to avoid liability, civil or criminal. ...
A defendant or defender is any party who is required to answer the complaint of a plaintiff or pursuer in a civil lawsuit before a court, or any party who has been formally charged or accused of violating a criminal statute. ...
See also Portal:Law The stela of King Hammurabi depicts the god Shamash revealing a code of laws to the king. ...
In the most general sense, a liability is anything that is a hindrance, or puts one at a disadvantage. ...
An action, as philosophers use the term, is a certain kind of thing a person can do. ...
A court is an official, public forum which a sovereign establishes by lawful authority to adjudicate disputes, and to dispense civil, labour, administrative and criminal justice under the law. ...
In law, a person who is not yet a legal adult is known as a minor (known in some places as an infant or juvenile). ...
Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of law that regulates governmental sanctions (such as imprisonment and/or fines) as retaliation for crimes against the social order. ...
Economics and marketing The economics of ageing are also of great import. Children and teenagers have little money of their own, but most of it is available for buying consumer goods. They also have considerable impact on how their parents spend money.
Young adults are an even more valuable cohort. They often have jobs with few responsibilities such as a mortgage or children. They do not yet have set buying habits and are more open to new products.
The young are thus the central target of marketers.[1] Television is programmed to attract the 15 to 35 years olds. Movies are also built around appealing to the young. For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as part of...
The middle aged and the old are less likely to buy things and are traditionally viewed as being set in their buying habits and not nearly as open to marketing. Older people tend to be much wealthier and to save a much higher percentage of their income.
Some tax systems attempt to address these differences in age spending habits such as the concept of a lifetime income tax. A lifetime income tax is an income tax that would tax a person based on their cumulative lifetime income, rather than their yearly income as is currently done throughout the world. ...
Global ageing trends There have been small changes in age distribution between 1990 and 2000. The percentage of the population that is older increased slightly between 1990 and 2000 from 9% to almost 10%. The increase was larger within more developed countries, from 17.7% to 19.4%. The percentage of the population that is older is almost three times as high in more developed countries (19.4%) as it is in less developed countries (7.7%).
Cultural variations Considerable numbers of cultures have less of a problem with age compared with what has been described above, and it is seen as an important status to reach stages in life, rather than defined numerical ages. Advanced age is given more respect and status. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1590x2159, 652 KB) Old Hmong Man (Sapa, Vietnam) Fotograf: Nico van Geldere, Apeldoorn, Holland The author has given his consent for publishing this image unter the GNU-FDL. File links The following pages link to this file: Hair Man Hair color...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1590x2159, 652 KB) Old Hmong Man (Sapa, Vietnam) Fotograf: Nico van Geldere, Apeldoorn, Holland The author has given his consent for publishing this image unter the GNU-FDL. File links The following pages link to this file: Hair Man Hair color...
Traditional Chinese culture use different ageing method, called Xusui (虛歲) with respect to common ageing which called Zhousui (周歲). In the Xusui method, people are born at age 1, not age 0. See also East Asian age reckoning for more information. Several East Asian cultures, such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, share a traditional way of counting a persons age. ...
Effects of ageing
Cognitive Steady decline in many cognitive processes are seen across the lifespan, starting in one's thirties. Research has focused in particular on memory and ageing, and has found decline in many types of memory with ageing, but not in semantic memory or general knowledge such as vocabulary definitions, which typically increases or remains steady. Semantic memory refers to the memory of meanings, understandings, and other factual knowledge; in contrast to episodic memory. ...
Emotional Given the physical and cognitive declines seen in ageing, a surprising finding is that emotional experience improves with age. Older adults are better at regulating their emotions and experience negative affect less frequently than younger adults and show a positivity effect in their attention and memory. The emotional improvements show up in longitudinal studies as well as in cross-sectional studies, and so cannot be entirely due to only the happier individuals surviving. The positivity effect refers to the tendency for people to attribute the positive behavior of other people whom they like to their disposition, while attributing negative behavior to their situation. ...
Notes NPR logo For other meanings of NPR see NPR (disambiguation) National Public Radio (NPR) is a private, not-for-profit corporation that sells programming to member radio stations; together they are a loosely organized public radio network in the United States. ...
All Things Considered, sometimes abbreviated ATC, is a news radio program in the United States, broadcast on the National Public Radio network. ...
References - Charles, S.T., Reynolds, C.A., & Gatz, M. (2001). Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 136-151.
- Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9, 496-502. PDF
- Masoro E.J. & Austad S.N.. (eds.): Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition. Academic Press. San Diego, CA, USA, 2006. ISBN 0-12-088387-2
- Global Social Change Reports One report describes global trends in ageing.
- Zacks, R.T., Hasher, L., & Li, K.Z.H. (2000). Human memory. In F.I.M. Craik & T.A. Salthouse (Eds.), The Handbook of Aging and Cognition (pp. 293-357). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
See also Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ageing Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo-en. ...
Wikiquote logo Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ...
Articles One of the key concerns of older adults is experiencing memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimers Disease. ...
The human brain goes through several large-scale changes as the individual progresses from embryo through to old age. ...
The Aging Research Centre (ARC) is an independent non-profit educational research centre with facilities in Berkeley, California and in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. ...
Ageism is bias against a person or group on the grounds of age. ...
Age fabrication occurs when a person deliberately lies about his or her actual age. ...
The American Aging Association (AGE) is a non-profit, tax-exempt biogerontology organization of scientists and laypeople dedicated to biomedical aging studies intended to slow the aging process. ...
Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. ...
The year 1999 was proclaimed the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...
Life extension refers to an increase in maximum or average lifespan, especially in humans, by slowing down or reversing the processes of aging. ...
Longevity is defined as long life or the length of a persons life (life expectancy). ...
Longevity genes are genes that determine lifespan. ...
At the age of 50, most Americans consider themselves over the hill. ...
Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity is a scientific approach aimed to gain theoretical insights into mechanisms of biological aging and species survival patterns by applying a general theory of systems failure, known as reliability theory. ...
The Science of Aging Knowledge Environment (SAGE KE) is an online scientific resource provided by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), which also publishes the journal SCIENCE. History and Organization The American Association for the Advancement of Science established a collaboration with Stanford University Libraries and The...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ageing. ...
Lists Following is a list of topics related to life extension: Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0–9 15 Global Challenges A Accelerated aging disease Cockayne...
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