NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Medical procedure

A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the care of patients, used by medical or paramedical personnel.

A medical procedure with the intention of determining, measuring or diagnosing a patient condition or parameter is also called a medical test. Other common kinds of procedures are therapeutic (i.e., with the intention or treating, curing or restoring function or structure), including the large group or surgical procedures. Rehabilitation procedures are included in this group. Diagnosis (from the Greek words dia = by and gnosis = knowledge) is the process of identifying a disease by its signs, symptoms and results of various diagnostic procedures. ... A medical test is any kind of diagnostic procedure performed for health reasons. ... Therapy (in Greek: θεραπεία) or treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis. ... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... Look up Rehabilitation on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Rehabilitation is the restoration of lost capabilities, or the treatment aimed at producing it. ...

List of medical procedures

Propedeutic

Palpation is a method of examination in which the examiner feels the size or shape or firmness or location of something (of body parts when the examiner is a health professional). ... Percussion is a method used by a doctor to find out about the changes in the thorax or abdomen. ... Auscultation is the technical term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope. ... Taking a patients temperature is an initial part of a full clinical examination. ...

Diagnostic

A cardiac stress test is a medical test performed to evaluate relative arterial blood flow increases to the left ventricular heart muscle during exercise, as compared to resting blood flow rates (i. ... ECG may also refer to the East Coast Greenway Lead II An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG, abbreviated from the German Elektrokardiogramm) is a graphic produced by an electrocardiograph, which records the electrical voltage in the heart in the form of a continuous strip graph. ... Electroencephalography is the neurophysiologic measurement of the electrical activity of the brain by recording from electrodes placed on the scalp or, in special cases, subdurally or in the cerebral cortex. ... Electrocorticography (ECoG) is the practice of using an electrode placed directly on the brain to record electrical activity directly from the cerebral cortex. ... Electroencephalography is the neurophysiologic measurement of the electrical activity of the brain by recording from electrodes placed on the scalp or, in special cases, subdurally or in the cerebral cortex. ... Electromyography (EMG) is a medical technique for evaluating and recording physiologic properties of muscles at rest and while contracting. ... Electronystagmography (ENG) is a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a condition known as nystagmus. ... Electrooculography (EOG) is a medical technique for measuring the resting potential of the retina, the resulting signal is called electrooculogram. ... Electroretinography, is used to measure the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) and the ganglion cells. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Endoscopic images of a duodenal ulcer Endoscopy means looking inside and refers to looking inside the human body for medical reasons. ... Colonoscopy is the minimally invasive endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. ... In medicine (gastroenterology), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or upper endoscopy is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualises the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. ... A sterile flexible cystoscope in an operating theatre Hello this is a Message to Dad Quit Reading this stuff :) . Endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra is called cystoscopy. ... Sigmoidoscopy is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon. ... A colposcopy or colcoscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which a colposcope is utilized to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. ... In medicine the ophthalmoscope was invented by Hermann von Helmholtz and is an instrument that is used to look into the human eye. ... Virtual colonoscopy (VC) is a Medical imaging procedure which uses x-rays and computers to produce two- and three-dimensional images of the colon (large intestine) from the lowest part, the rectum, all the way to the lower end of the small intestine and display them on a screen. ... Laparoscopic surgery, also called keyhole surgery (when natural body openings are not used), bandaid surgery, or minimally invasive surgery (MIS), is a surgical technique. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Radiology. ... Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique in which an X-ray picture is taken to visualize the inner opening of blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. ... Cerebral angiography or arteriography is a form of medical imaging that visualises the arterial and venous supply of the brain. ... A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the heart using a catheter. ... Pulmonary angiography (or pulmonary arteriography) is a cardiological medical procedure. ... Chest radiography showing advanced bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Diffuse optical imaging is a medical imaging modality which uses near infrared light to generate images of the body. ... Diffusion-weighted imaging is a specific MRI modality that produces in vivo magnetic resonances images of biological tissues weighted with the local caracteristics of water diffusion. ... Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based technique that allows us to visualize the location, the orientation, and the anisotropy of the brains white matter tracts. ... Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the use of MRI to measure the hemodynamic response related to neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A corneal topogram. ... Image of a typical positron emission tomography (PET) facility Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three dimensional image or map of functional processes in the body. ... Radiography is the creation of images by exposing a photographic film or other image receptor to X-rays. ... A modern fluoroscope. ... SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. ... It has been suggested that Transesophageal_echocardiogram be merged into this article or section. ... Medical ultrasonography is an ultrasound-based imaging diagnostic technique used to visualize internal organs, their size, structure and their pathological lesions. ... Gynecologic ultrasonography or Gyn sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs, specifically the uterus, the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, as well as the bladder, the Pouch of Douglas, and any findings in the pelvis of relevance outsite of pregnancy. ... Obstetric ultrasonograph of a fetus at 16 weeks. ... Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEU) is the application of ultrasound contrast agents to traditional medical sonography. ... Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an medical imaging methodology using (a) specially designed long thin complex manufactured catheters attached to (b) computerized ultrasound equipment. ... Thermography can refer to a printing process and an imaging process. ... Electrical Impedance Tomograpy (EIT), is a medical imaging technique in which an image of the conductivity or permittivity of part of the body is inferred from surface electrical measurements. ... Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP), also called test of balance (TOB), is a non-invasive specialized clinical assessment technique used to quantify the central nervous system adaptive mechanisms (sensory, motor and central) involved in the control of posture and balance, both in normal (such as in physical education and sports training... Electroneuronography (ENoG) is a neurological non-invasive test that is used to examine the integrity of a peripheral nerve. ... Typical EEG brain topography display With the possibility of recording simultaneously a great number of digitized channels of EEG, a new technique was born: EEG brain topography, at the end of the 80s. ... Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the brain. ... Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is the measurement of the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain, usually conducted externally, using extremely sensitive devices such as SQUIDs. ...

Therapeutic

See also: Therapy, List of surgical procedures Look up Therapy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Surgical procedures have long and possibly daunting names. ...

A precordial thump is a medical procedure used in the initial response to a witnesssed cardiac arrest when no defibrillator is immediately available. ... Politzerization is a medical procedure derived from a medical experiment first performed by Adam Politzer of Vienna, that involved studying the air movement through the Eustachian tube by connecting a manometer to the external auditory canal meatus and another manometer in the pharynx. ... A hemodialysis machine In medicine, hemodialysis, also haemodialysis, is a method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are incapable of this (i. ... Hemofiltration is the replacement of blood plasma with an electrolyte solution by filtering plasma out of the bloodstream. ... Plasmapheresis is the removal of (components of) blood plasma from the circulation. ... Whole blood enters the centrifuge on the left and separates into layers so that selected components can be drawn off on the right. ... In intensive care medicine, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique of providing both cardiac and respiratory supportoxygen to patients whose heart and lungs are so severely diseased that they can no longer serve their function. ... Cancer Immunotherapy is the use of monoclonal antibodies (-mab) to specifically target cells. ... The term cancer vaccine is often used to describe a process whereby a persons immune system is coaxed into recognizing and destroying malignant cells without harming normal cells. ... Cervical conization (ICD-9 code 67. ... Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ... Cytoluminescent Therapy is a form of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) characterized by a photosensitiser (Photoflora) which is rapidly eliminated from normal tissue but selectively accumulated in neoplastic and dysplastic tissue. ... Insulin potentiation therapy (IPT) is an alternative medicine therapy that uses FDA approved cancer fighting drugs in lower doses. ... Monoclonal antibody therapy is the use of monoclonal antibodies (-mab) to specifically target cells. ... Photodynamic therapy (PDT), developed at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in the 1970s, is a ternary treatment for cancer involving three key components: a photosensitizer, light, and tissue oxygen. ... Clinac 2100 C100 accelerator Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). ... Targeted cancer therapy is a type of chemotherapy which blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth. ... Unsealed source radiotherapy relates to the use of soluble forms of radioactive substances which are injected into the body. ... Virtual reality therapy (VRT) is a method of psychotherapy that uses virtual reality technology to treat patients with anxiety disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, and several other medical phobias. ... This article concerns the health profession. ... It has been suggested that Speech-Language Pathology, Speech pathology, Phoniatrics be merged into this article or section. ... Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy, is probably the oldest form of medical treatment. ... heat/massage therapy ... Shock therapy is the deliberate and controlled induction of some form of physiological state of shock in an individual for the purpose of psychiatric treatment. ... Insulin shock therapy is a treatment for schizophrenia, psychosis and drug addiction which involves injecting a patient with massive amounts of insulin, which causes convulsions and coma. ... Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as electroshock therapy, is a controversial medical treatment involving the induction of a seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain. ... Symptomatic treatment is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not its cause, i. ... Palliative care (from Latin palliare, to cloak) is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of the symptoms of a disease or slows its progress rather than providing a cure. ... Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the medical use of oxygen at a higher than atmospheric pressure. ... Oxygen first aid kit showing a demand valve and a constant flow mask Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen as a therapeutic modality. ... Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individuals cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in particular. ... Enzyme replacement therapy is a medical treatment replacing an enzyme in patients in whom that particular enzyme is deficient or absent. ... An intravenous drip in a hospital Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein. ... Category: ... Bacteriophages or phage are viruses that invade bacterial cells and, in the case of lytic phages, disrupt bacterial metabolism and cause the bacterium to lyse [destruct]. Phage therapy is the therapeutic use of lytic bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections. ... Respiratory therapy is categorized as an allied health profession in the United States and Canada. ... Vision therapy, also known as visual therapy or visual training, is a broadly-defined set of treatment programs related to the improvement of visual health and comfort. ... Electrotherapy is basically the use of an electric current to stimulate a tissue with the objective of healing or restoring a lost function, and has many therapeutic applications. ... TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator) is considered a method of pain relief, and has a wide following for use in obstetric care particularly labour. ... Photobiomodulation also called Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), Cold Laser Therapy, Laser Biostimulation, phototherapy or just Laser Therapy. ... In contemporary usage, the expression combination therapy most often refers to the simultaneous administration of two or more medications to treat a single disease, but the expression is also used when other types of therapy are used at the same time. ... It has been suggested that Occupational therapist be merged into this article or section. ... A child being immunized against polio. ... Vaccination is the process of administering weakened or dead pathogens to a healthy person or animal, with the intent of conferring immunity against a targeted form of a related disease agent. ... Immunosuppression is the medical suppression of the immune system. ... // Psychotherapy is a range of techniques which use only dialogue and communication and which are designed to improve the mental health of a client or patient, or to improve group relationships (such as in a family). ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Acupuncture (from Lat. ... Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. ... Magnet therapy, or magnetic therapy, is a pseudoscientific form of alternative medicine based on the concept that certain medical disorders can be effectively treated by exposure to magnetic fields. ... Photodynamic therapy (PDT), developed at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in the 1970s, is a ternary treatment for cancer involving three key components: a photosensitizer, light, and tissue oxygen. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Chelation therapy is a process involving the use of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a system of medical treatment for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, based on the assumption that it may prevent discomfort and health problems caused by diminished circulating estrogen hormones. ... Opiate Replacement Therapy (ORT) is the medical procedure of replacing an illegal opiate drug such as heroin with a longer acting but less euphoric opiate such as methadone or buprenorphine. ... Cell therapy describes the process of introducing new cells into a tissue in order to treat a disease. ... Medical researchers believe that stem cell treatments have the potential to change the face of human disease and alleviate suffering. ... Proton therapy is a kind of external beam radiotherapy where protons are directed to a tumor site. ... Intubation being practiced on a dummy (conventional technique using a laryngoscope). ... Ion therapy involves the use of various devices that generate negatively charged particles as a means of countering what its proponents believe are the adverse health effects of positively charged ions in the atmosphere. ... Fluoride therapy is the delivery of fluoride to the teeth topically or systemically, which is designed to prevent tooth decay (dental caries) which results in cavities. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is the use of various forms of nicotine delivery methods intended to replace nicotine obtained from smoking or other tobacco usage. ... Monoclonal antibody therapy is the use of monoclonal antibodies (-mab) to specifically target cells. ... Oral Rehydration Therapy, or ORT, is a simple, cheap, and effective treatment for diarrhea caused by, e. ... Insulin potentiation therapy (IPT) is an alternative medicine therapy that uses FDA approved cancer fighting drugs in lower doses. ...

Surgical

Stereotactic surgery is a minimally-invasive form of surgical intervention which makes use of a three-dimensional coordinates system to locate small targets inside the body and to perform on them some action such as ablation (removal), biopsy, lesion, injection, stimulation, implantation, etc. ... Radiosurgery is a medical procedure which allows non-invasive brain surgery, i. ... Lithotomy from Greek for lithos (stone) and thomos (cut), is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain hollow organs, such as the bladder and kidneys (urinary calculus) and gallbladder (gallstones), that cannot exit naturally through the urethra, ureter or biliary duct. ... Image-guided surgery is the general term used for any surgical procedure where the surgeon uses indirect visualization to operate, i. ... Facial rejuvenation, before and after combined upper and lower eyelid lift, laser resurfacing around eyes, facelift, neck lift, microfat grafting to enhance cheekbones and fill in tear troughs, liposuction of the neck and jowls. ... Neovaginoplasty is a reconstructive surgery procedure used to reconstruct the vaginal tube and mucous membrane which are absent in a female, due either to congenital disease (called vaginal atresia) or to an acquired cause, such as trauma or cancer. ... A vaginoplasty is any surgical operation with the aim of correcting structural defects in the vagina or even to construct or reconstruct it. ... Ablation is defined as the removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. ... Partial hand amputation For the song Amputations by Death Cab for Cutie, see You Can Play these Songs with Chords Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma (also referred to as avulsion) or surgery. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: First Aid/CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency first aid protocol for a victim of cardiac arrest. ... Cryosurgery is the application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue. ... A surgeon operating General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty that focuses on surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e. ... The field of hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder). ... Laminectomy is a surgical procedure for treating spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord. ... Laparoscopic surgery, also called keyhole surgery (when natural body openings are not used), bandaid surgery, or minimally invasive surgery (MIS), is a surgical technique. ... A lithotriptor is a medical device used in the non-invasive treatment of kidney stones (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver). ... A human brain that had undergone lobotomy. ... // Cartilage and cartilage failure Articular cartilage, most notably that which is found in the knee joint, is generally characterized by very low friction, high wear resistance, and poor regenerative qualities. ... Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of cells, tissues or organs from one species to another such as from pigs to humans. ...

Other

An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination or an obduction, is a medical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of a persons death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. ... Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used to identify disease in an unsuspecting population. ... Interventional Radiology (IR) is a subspecialty of radiology in which minimally invasive procedures are performed using image guidance. ...

Contents

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