Mediumship is a form of relationship to spirits practiced in many religions, including Spiritualism, Spiritism, Espiritismo, Candomblé, Voodoo, Kardecism, and Umbanda. ^[1] // By 1853, when the popular song Spirit Rappings was published, Spiritualism was an object of intense curiosity. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Espiritismo (Spanish: Spiritualism) is the Latin American and Caribbean belief that good and evil spirits can affect health, luck and other elements of human life. ... Ilê Axé Iya Nassô Oká - Terreiro da Casa Branca Candomblé is an African-inspired or Afro-Brazilian religion or cult, practiced chiefly in Brazil. ... This article is about the syncretistic New World religions. ... Kardecist Spiritism or Kardecism is a spiritualistic doctrine created in the 19th century by Allan Kardec. ... Umbanda is a religion that blends Catholicism, Kardecist Spiritualism, and Afro-Brazilian religions . ...

The term "mediumship" denotes the ability of a person (the medium) to experience and/or to tell others about their experiences of contact with spirits of the dead, spirits of non-corporeal entities, angels, and/or nature spiirits. In addition to experiencing these spiritual phenomena directly, the medium generally facilitates communication between non-mediumistic people and spirits who may have messages for them. In semiotics, denotation is the surface or literal meaning encoded to a signifier, and the definition most likely to appear in a dictionary. ... For other uses, see Soul (disambiguation). ...

A medium may listen to and relate conversations with spirit voices, go into a trance and speak without knowledge of what is being said, allow a spirit to enter his or her body and speak through it, or may use some form of physical tool, such as a writing pad, to relay messages from the spirits those who wish to contact them.

Mediumship is part of the belief system of some New Age groups. In this context, and under the name channelling, it most often refers to a medium receiving messages from a teaching-spirit of advanced wisdom. ^[2][3] New Age describes a broad movement characterized by alternative approaches to traditional Western culture. ...

In some cultures, mediums (or the spirits working with them) are said to be able to produce physical paranormal phenomena such as materializations of spirits, apports of objects, or levitation.^[4][5] Paranormal is an umbrella term used to describe a wide variety of reported anomalous phenomena. ... An apport is the transference of an article from an unknown source, to you, or another place by unknown means. ... A cubical magnet levitating over a superconducting material (this is known as the Meissner effect) Levitation (from Latin levare, to raise) is the process by which an object is suspended against gravity, in a stable position, by a force without physical contact. ...

History of mediumship

Main article: Spiritualism

Methods of communicating with the dead and other spirits have been documented back to early human history. // By 1853, when the popular song Spirit Rappings was published, Spiritualism was an object of intense curiosity. ...

One of the most famous mediums of all time was the Witch of Endor, who raised the spirit of the deceased prophet Samuel for the Hebrew king Saul, who wished to question his former mentor about an upcoming battle, as related in the First Book of Samuel in the Jewish Tanakh. The Witch of Endor: from the frontispiece to Sadducismus Triumphatus by Joseph Glanvill In the Hebrew Bible, the Witch of Endor of the First book of Samuel, chapter 28:4–25, was a witch, a woman who possesses a talisman, through which she called up the ghost of the recently... Saul (שאול המלך) (or Shaul) (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian  ; asked for) is identified in the Books of Samuel, 1 Chronicles and the Quran as the first king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... For the musical collective, see Tanakh (band). ...

Mediumship became quite popular in the United States after the rise of Spiritualism as a religious movement in the United States. Modern Spiritualism is said to date to the mediumistic activities of the Fox sisters in New York state 1848. The trance mediums Paschal Beverly Randolph and Emma Hardinge Britten were among the most celebrated lecturers and authors on the subject in the mid-1800s. Mediumship was also described by Allan Kardec, who coined the term Spiritism, around 1860 ^[6]. The Fox Sisters Sisters Catherine (1838–92), Leah (1814–90) and Margaretta (1836–93) Fox played an important role in the creation of Spiritualism. ... This article is about the state. ... Paschal Beverly Randolph (October 8, 1825 - July 29, 1875) was born according to conflicting sources in New York or Virginia, a free man of mixed-race ancestry. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Allan Kardec was a pseudonym of the French teacher and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (Lyon, October 3, 1804 — Paris, March 31, 1869), who is known today as the systematizer of Spiritism. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

After the exposure of the fraudulent use of stage magic tricks by physical mediums such as the Davenport Brothers, around 1875, mediumship fell into disrepute, although it never ceased being used by people whose religions include the belief that the dead can be contacted. “Illusionist” redirects here. ... Ira Erastus Davenport (1839 – 1911) and William Henry Davenport (1841 – 1877), better known as the Davenport Brothers, were American magicians in the late 1800s, sons of a Buffalo, New York policeman. ...

From the 1930s through the 1990s, as psysical mediumship became less often practiced in Spiritualist churches, the technique of channelling gained in popularity, and books by channellers who related the wisdom of non-corporeal and non-terrestrial teacher-spirits often became best-sellers.

The terminology of mediumship

Spirit guide

A spirit who brings other spirits to a medium's attention or carries communications between a medium and the spiirits of the dead is called a "spirit guide." Many mediums have specific guides who regularly work with them and "bring in" spirits of the dead. The relationship between the medium and the guide may be providential, or it may be based on family ties. In 1958, the English-born Spiritualist C. Dorreen Phillips wrote of her experiences with a medium at Camp Chesterfield, Indiana: "In Rev. James Laughton's seances there are many Indians. They are very noisy and appear to have great power. [...] The little guides, or doorkeepers, are usually Indian boys and girls [who act] as messengers who help to locate the spirit friends who wish to speak with you." ^[7] Then, describing the mediumship of Rev. Lillian Dee Johnson of Saint Petersburg, Florida, she noted, "Mandy Lou is Rev. Johnson's guide. [..] She was, on earth, a slave to Rev. Johnson's grandmother." ^[7] For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ... Downtown St. ...

Spirit communicator

A spirit who communicates with a medium, either verbally or visually, is known as a spirit communicator.

Spirit operator

A spirit who uses a medium to manipulate energy or energy systems is called a spirit operator.

Demonstrations of mediumship

In old-line Spiritualist churches, a portion of the services, generally toward the end, is given over to the pastor, or another medium, who receives messages from the world of spirit for the congregants. This may be referred to as a "demonstration of mediumship." A typical example of this older way of describing a mediumistic church service is found in the autobiography of C. Dorreen Phillips, written in 1958. Telling of the worship services at the Spiritualist Camp Chesterfield in Indiana, she wrote: "Services are held in the cathedral each afternoon, consisting of hymns, a lecture on philosophy, and demonstrations of mediumship." ^[7] Jan. ... For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...

Mental mediumship

Main article: Seance

Mental mediumship is defined as communication of spirits with a medium by telepathy. The medium mentally "hears", "sees", and/or feels messages from spirits and, having received the communication, either directly or through the help of a spirit guide, the medium then passes on the information to the recipient(s) of the message. When a medium is doing a "reading" for a particular person, that person is known as the sitter. A séance (SAY-ahnce) is, on its most basic level, an attempt to communicate with the dead. ... Telepathy, from the Greek τῆλε, tele, remote; and πάθεια, patheia, to be effected by, describes the hypothetical transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the five classical senses. ...

Trance mediumship

Trance mediumship is often seen as a form of mental mediumship.

Some mediums remain conscious during this communication period, while others go into a trance, wherein a spirit uses the medium's body to communicate. Trance mediumship is defined as a spirit taking over the body of the medium, sometimes to such a degree that the medium is unconscious. Part trance mediums are aware during the period of communication, while full trance mediums pass into an unconscious state in which their physical and mental processes are completely controlled by the spirit communicator.

In the 1860s and 1870s, trance mediums were among the most popular of lecturer-entertainers. Spiritualism had attracted adherents who had strong interests in social justice, and many trance mediums delivered passionate speeches on abolitionism, temperence, and women's suffrage.^[8] This article is about the abolition of slavery. ... A cartoon from Australia ca. ... The term womens suffrage refers to an economic and political reform movement aimed at extending suffrage — the right to vote — to women. ...

Because the typical trance medium has no clear memory of the messages conveyed while in a trance, a medium of this type generally works with an assistant who writes down or otherwise records his or her words. A good example of this kind of relationship can be found in the early 20th century collaboration between the trance medium Mrs. Cecil M. Cook of the William T. Stead Memorial Center in Chicago (a religious body incorporated under the statutes of the State of Illinois) and the journalist Lloyd Kenyon Jones, a non-mediumistic Spiritualist who transcribed Cook's messages in shorthand and then edited them for publication in book and pamphlet form.^[9] This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Lloyd Kenyon Jones was a newspaper journalist, lecturer, and author who was raised in Wisconsin and became associated with the religion of Spiritualism during the early 20th century. ... Shorthand is an abbreviated, symbolic writing method that improves speed of writing or brevity as compared to a normal method of writing a language. ...

Physical mediumship

Main article: seance

Physical mediumship is defined as manipulation of energies and energy systems by spirits. A séance (SAY-ahnce) is, on its most basic level, an attempt to communicate with the dead. ...

Physical mediumship may involves perceptible manifistations such as loud raps and noises, voices, materialized objects, apports, materialized spirit bodies, or body parts such as hands, and levitation. The medium is used as source of power and substance for such spirit manifestations. This is sometimes said to be accomplished using the energy or ectoplasm released by a medium. ^[10][11] An apport is the transference of an article from an unknown source, to you, or another place by unknown means. ... Ectoplasm (from the Greek ektos, outside, + plasma, something formed or molded) is a term coined by Charles Richet to denote a substance or spiritual energy supposedly exteriorized by physical mediums. ...

Most physical mediumship is presented in a darkened or dimly lit room, and most physical mediums make use of a traditional array of tools and appurtenances, including spirit trumpets, spirit cabinets, and levitation tables.

Spiritualist definitions of psychic senses

Psychic senses used by mental mediums are sometimes defined differently in Spiritualism than in other paranormal fields. The term clairvoyance, for instance, may be used by Spiritualists to include seeing spirits and visions instilled by spirits, whereas the Parapsychological Association defines "clairvoyance" as information derived directly from an external physical source.^[12]

• Clairvoyance or "Clear Seeing", is the ability to see anything which is not physically present, such as objects, animals or people. This sight occurs "in the mind’s eye", and some mediums say that this is their normal vision state. Others say that they must train their minds with such practices as meditation in order to achieve this ability, and that assistance from spiritual helpers is often necessary. Some clairvoyant mediums can see a spirit as though the spirit has a physical body. They see the bodily form as if it were physically present. Other mediums see the spirit in their mind's eye, or it appears as a movie or a television programme or a still picture like a photograph in their mind.

• Clairaudience or "Clear Hearing", is usually defined as the ability to hear the voices or thoughts of spirits. Some Mediums hear as though they are listening to a person talking to them on the outside of their head, as though the Spirit is next to or near to the Medium, and other Mediums hear the voices in their minds as a verbal thought.

• Clairsentience or "Clear Sensing", is the ability to have an impression of what a spirit wants to communicate, or to feel sensations instilled by a spirit.

• Clairsentinence or "Clear Feeling" is a condition in which the medium takes on the ailments of a spirit, feeling the same physical problem the spirit person before they died.

• Clairalience or "Clear Smelling" is the ability to smell a spirit. For example, a medium may smell the pipe tobacco of a person who smoked during life.

• Clairgustance or "Clear Tasting" is the ability to receive taste impressions from a spirit.

• Claircognizance or "Clear Knowing", is the ability to know something without receiving it through normal or psychic senses. It is a feeling of "just knowing". Often, a medium will have the feeling that a message or situation is "right" or "wrong".

Clairvoyance, from 17th century French Clair meaning clear and voyant meaning seeing, is a term used to describe the transference of information about an object, location or physical event through means other than the 5 traditional senses (See Psi). ... Clairaudience is the ability to hear things not audible within normal hearing ranges. ... Clairsentience (From the French clair, “clear,” + sentience, “feeling,” ultimately derived from the Latin clarus, “clear,” + sentiens, derived from sentire, “to feel”) is a form of extra-sensory perception wherein a person acquires psychic knowledge primarily by means of feeling. ... Clairvoyance, from 17th century French Clair meaning clear and voyant meaning seeing, is a term used to describe the transference of information about an object, location or physical event through means other than the 5 traditional senses (See Psi). ... Clairalience (clear-smelling) - is the ability to smell things that have no physical source. ... Look up Clairgustance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Clairgustance is defined as a form of extra-sensory perception that allegedly allows one to taste a substance without putting anything in ones mouth. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with remote viewing. ...

Well-known mediums

Some well-known mediums are Andrew Jackson Davis, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Paschal Beverly Randolph, Emma Hardinge Britten, Edgar Cayce, Jeane Dixon, Derek Acorah, Sylvia Browne, Kuda Bux, Allison DuBois, John Edward, Daniel Dunglas Home, Esther Hicks, Colin Fry, JZ Knight, Joseph Kony, Jane Roberts, Sathya Sai Baba, David Wells, Lisa Williams, James Van Praagh, Rosemary Altea, Divaldo Pereira Franco, Chico Xavier, Richard Ireland, and Clifford Bias. Andrew Jackson Davis (11 August 1826 - 1910), American spiritualist, was born at Blooming Grove, New York. ... Helena Blavatsky Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène) (July 31, 1831 (O.S.) (August 12, 1831 (N.S.)) - May 8, 1891 London), better known as Helena Blavatsky (Russian: ) or Madame Blavatsky, born Helena von Hahn, was a founder of the Theosophical Society. ... Paschal Beverly Randolph (October 8, 1825 - July 29, 1875) was born according to conflicting sources in New York or Virginia, a free man of mixed-race ancestry. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Edgar Cayce (March 18, 1877 – January 3, 1945) (pronounced or like Casey) was an American who claimed psychic abilities. ... Jeane Dixon (January 5, 1904 - January 26, 1997) was one of the best-known American astrologers and psychics of the 20th century, due to her syndicated newspaper astrology column, some well-publicized predictions and a best-selling biography. ... Derek Acorah (also known as The Big Daddy) is the stage name of Derek Johnson (born January 27, 1950). ... Sylvia Browne (born October 19, 1936) is a bestselling American author on the subject of spirituality who is known as a psychic and medium. ... Kuda Bux (1906 - February 5th, 1981) was an Indian mystic and magician. ... Allison DuBois (born January 24, 1972) is a controversial research medium who claims to have psychic abilities with which she can communicate with the dead. ... John Edward McGee, Jr. ... Daniel Dunglas Home (March 20, 1833 - June 21, 1886) was a Scottish spiritualist, famous as a physical medium with the reported ability to levitate to a variety of heights, elongate his body and handle fire and hot coals without injury. ... Jerry and Esther Hicks in 2007 Esther Hicks is an inspirational speaker, and best-selling author. ... Colin Fry (1962 - 25th April 2007) was an English tele-medium. ... Judy Z. Knight (born Judith Darlene Hampton on March 16, 1946, in Roswell, New Mexico) is a self-proclaimed spiritual medium as well as the CEO of JZK, Inc. ... Joseph Kony Joseph Kony (born 1961 in Odek, a village to east of Gulu in northern Uganda) is the primary leader of a guerrilla paramilitary group, and possibly new religious movement, called the Lords Resistance Army (LRA), that is engaged in a violent campaign to establish a theocratic government... Photographs of Jane Roberts on the cover of her biography by Susan Watkins Jane Roberts (May 8, 1929 – September 5, 1984) was an American author, psychic and trance medium or spirit medium who channelled a personality named Seth. ... Sathya Sai Baba (born Sathyanarayana Raju on 23 November 1926,[1][2] — with the family name of Ratnakara) is a guru from southern India, religious leader, orator and philosopher often described as a godman[3][4] and a miracle worker. ... For other uses, see David Wells (disambiguation). ... Lisa Williams (born in Birmingham, England) is a self-described medium and clairvoyant starring in a show on Lifetime called Lisa Williams: Life Among the Dead. ... James Van Praagh (b. ... Rosemary Altea (born 1946) is a self proclaimed psychic and author. ... Divaldo Franco Divaldo Pereira Franco Humanitarian and worldwide renowned Spiritist speaker and medium, Mr. ... Francisco Cândido Xavier Chico Xavier was a popular medium in Brazil´s spiritism movement. ... Richard Ireland was the first of his kind to pioneer and demonstrate psychic phenomena on television on the Johnny Carson show, Joe Pine, Alan Burke, and the Steve Allen show in the early 1960s. ... CLIFFORD BIAS was one of Americas most prominent psychics ever known. ...

Research into mediumship

In Britain, the Society for Psychical Research has carried on investigations of some phenomena, mainly in connection with telepathy and apparitions.^[13] According to an article in the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, in some cases mediums have produced personal information which has been well above guessing rates .^[14] The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization which started in the United Kingdom and later acquired branches in other countries. ... Telepathy, from the Greek τῆλε, tele, remote; and πάθεια, patheia, to be effected by, describes the hypothetical transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the five classical senses. ... Generally, an apparition is act or instance of appearing. ...

The VERITAS Research Program of the Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health in the Department of Psychology at the University of Arizona, run by Gary Schwartz, was created primarily to test the hypothesis that the consciousness (or identity) of a person survives physical death.^[15] Studies conducted by VERITAS have been approved by the University of Arizona Human Subjects Protection Program and an academic advisory board. The University of Arizona (UA or U of A) is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. ... Gary E. Schwartz, Ph. ...

Criticism

Some Christians believe that although mediumship is an effective and practical way to contact spirits, it is a practice that is specifically forbidden in the Bible, and they can cite Biblical verses to support their interpretation of their scriptures. ^[16]

Criticism of mediumship also comes from skeptics and atheists, who dispute the existence of spirits or of genuine mediums. Skeptics say the phenomena of mediumship are the result of self-delusion, unconscious influence, or of magician's techniques such as cold reading, hot reading, and conjuring.^[1][17]. Skepticism (Commonwealth spelling: Scepticism) can mean: Philosophical skepticism - a philosophical position in which people choose to critically examine whether the knowledge and perceptions that they have are actually true, and whether or not one can ever be said to have absolutely true knowledge; or Scientific skepticism - a scientific, or practical... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ... A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed false belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false, fanciful or derived from deception. ... “Illusionist” redirects here. ... This article is about the communication technique. ... In parapsychology, hot reading is the use of foreknowledge when giving a psychic reading. ... Magician redirects here. ...

Skeptics say that Gary Schwartz's studies such as The Afterlife Experiments have not provided competent scientific evidence for survival of consciousness or that mediums can actually communicate with the dead. In the January/February 2003 issue of the Skeptical Enquirer, Ray Hyman charged that the research Schwartz presented is crucially flawed in a number of ways, including inappropriate control comparisons, inadequate precautions against fraud and sensory leakage, reliance on non-standardized, untested dependent variables, failure to use double-blind procedures, inadequate use of double-blind protocols, failure to independently check on facts the sitters endorsed as true, and the use of plausibility arguments to substitute for actual controls.^[18] Schwartz and Hyman debated these points in the March 2003 issue of the Skeptical Enquirer.^[19][20] In January 2007 Julie Beischel and Gary Schwartz published the results of a triple-blind study in EXPLORE The Journal of Science and Healing that also had positive results.^[21] The Afterlife Experiments (full title: The Afterlife Experiments: Breakthrough Scientific Evidence of Life After Death) is a book written by Gary Schwartz and William L. Simon, with a forward by Deepak Chopra. ...

Mediums and channellers in fiction

In fantasy literature, references to channellers or mediums are sometimes used in other ways, particularly to describe a person's ability to draw on some form of magical power. For other uses, see Fantasy (disambiguation). ... Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... Not to be confused with Magic (illusion). ...

Television and movies

• The Amazing Mr. X, also relased under the title The Spiritualist, is a movie starring Turhan Bey as a fraudulent medium.
• Medium is an American television series about a woman (played by Patricia Arquette) who acts as a research medium for the Phoenix, Arizona district attorney's office. The series is based on the life of Allison DuBois, who claims to use her psychic ability allowing her to contact the dead to help the local law enforcement agency.
• Ghost Whisperer is an American television drama-fantasy-thriller starring Jennifer Love Hewitt as a young woman who can communicate with the spirits of the dead.
• A green chihuahua named Shirley is a medium in the cartoon Courage the Cowardly Dog.

Turhan Bey (born Turhan Gilbert Selahattin Sahultavy on March 30, 1922 in Vienna) is a popular Hollywood leading man of the 1940s. ... Medium is an American drama television series about a woman (played by Patricia Arquette) who acts as a research medium for the Phoenix, Arizona, district attorneys office. ... A television program is the content of television broadcasting. ... Patricia T. Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an Emmy Award-winning and Golden Globe Award-nominated American actress. ... Nickname: Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State County Maricopa Incorporated February 25, 1881 Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Phil Gordon (D) Area  - City  515. ... Allison DuBois (born January 24, 1972) is a controversial research medium who claims to have psychic abilities with which she can communicate with the dead. ... Ghost Whisperer is an American television drama-fantasy-thriller that premiered on CBS September 23, 2005. ... Television drama series is a genre that deals with generally non-epic situations in a serious, dramatic manner. ... For other uses, see Fantasy (disambiguation). ... The thriller is a broad genre of literature, film, and television. ... Jennifer Love Hewitt (born February 21, 1979) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. ... This article is about the state in Mexico. ... Courage the Cowardly Dog is an award-winning American animated television series, created by John R. Dilworth, who directed each episode, about a dog named Courage and his owners Muriel Bagge, a kindly old Scottish woman, and Eustace Bagge, a grumpy old farmer, living together in a farmhouse in the...

Video games

• In the 2004 video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the player meets The Sorrow, a mysterious dead medium who battles and also assists the player.
• In the Ace Attorney series, Maya, Pearl, and Mia Fey are spirit mediums who have the ability to allow spirits to take over their bodies temporarily and at the same time alter their appearance to that of the person they are channeling. Mia Fey never uses her abilities in the games, but is usually called upon by Maya and Pearl.
• In the 2007 independent computer game series The Blackwell Legacy, a young woman named Rosangela Blackwell is a medium who inherited the ability from her late Aunt Lauren who was thought to have dementia. She inherits her aunt's "spirit guide", a ghost named Joey that apparently only she, other ghosts, and other mediums can see. They work together to bring tortured souls trapped in the material plane to the afterlife. In the second game of the series you play as her Aunt Lauren at the time she was Rosangela's age, where she channels spirits whose souls are linked between another medium and a living "spirit guide" who wrote about their troubles.
• The 1995 Sierra horror epic Phantasmagoria (computer game) featured the main character consulting a hobo woman who turned out to be an actual medium who channeled one of the malicious spirits present on the property.

Computer and video games redirects here. ... Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (commonly abbreviated MGS3) is a stealth-based game directed by Hideo Kojima, developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. ... The Sorrow is a fictional character in the video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater. ... Ace Attorney , lit. ... Phantasmagoria is a CD-ROM horror-themed computer game series created by Sierra On-line for the DOS and Windows platforms. ...

Books

• Yoshino Somei in Spriggan uses her necromancy skills to act as a medium, allowing the dead to speak to any living human.

• In the Wheel of Time the energy of the "Source" is channelled by those gifted women able to use it.

• The Secret Life of Sparrow Delaney by Suzanne Harper tells the story of a teenage medium in a family of eight others.

Yoshino Somei ) is a fictional character in the manga series Spriggan. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Sunday Komik Remaja (Defunct) Original run 1989 – 1996 No. ... This article is about a fantasy series. ...

See also

• Séance
• Spiritualist Church
• Spiritualism
• The Spirits Book
• The Book on Mediums
• Spirit possession
• List of channelled texts
• Automatic drawing
• Automatic writing
• Faith healing

Look up séance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Spiritualist Church arose from the Spiritualist movement which began in the 1840s in America. ... // By 1853, when the popular song Spirit Rappings was published, Spiritualism was an object of intense curiosity. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Spiritual possession is a concept of many religions and tales, where it is believed that a demon may take temporary control of a human body, resulting in noticeable changes in behaviour. ... In spirituality, channelling (BE) or channeling (AE) is the communication of information to or through a person (the channel or medium), from a spirit or other paranormal entity outside the mind (or self) of the channel. ... Automatic drawing (distinguished from drawn expression of mediums) was developed by the surrealists, as a means of expressing the subconscious. ... For the article about the album by Ataxia, see Automatic Writing (album). ... Faith healing is the use of supernatural or spiritual intervention to cure disease. ...

References

is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

External links

• A further point-by-point response by Gary Schwartz to Ray Hyman's article How Not to Test Mediums
• Messages from Michael: Discussions hosted by a core group member
• After Death Communication Research Foundation, Jody A. Long, J.D. and Jeffrey P. Long, M.D.
• The Scientific Proof of Survival After Death
• Allan Kardec Educational Society website: The Book of Mediums
• Article about how mediums work