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Encyclopedia > Megaproject

A megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment project. Bent Flyvbjerg defines megaprojects as typically costing more than US$1 billion and attracting a lot of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, environment, and budgets[1]. Altshuler and Luberoff define megaprojects as "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public"[2]. Flyvbjerg, Altshuler, Luberoff, and other megaproject scholars have documented that the average megaproject has a dismal record of cost and time overruns and benefit shortfalls. Invest redirects here. ... A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a product or service[1]. // The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from projicere, to throw something forwards which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in... Bent Flyvbjerg is Professor of Planning at Aalborg University, Denmark. ... USD redirects here. ... Community is a set of people (or agents in a more abstract sense) with some shared element. ... Budget generally refers to a list of all planned expenses. ...


Megaprojects include bridges, tunnels, motorways, railways, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems. This article is about the structure. ... A disused railway tunnel now converted to pedestrian and bicycle use, near Houyet, Belgium A tunnel is an underground passage. ... Motorway symbol in UK, Australia, Spain, France and Ireland. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Port. ... For other uses, see Power station (disambiguation). ... This article is about structures for water impoundment. ... Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. ... Synthetic motor oil being poured. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... The related terms resource extraction and Resource extraction industry both refer to the practice of locating, acquiring and selling any resource, but typically a natural resource. ... Information and communication technology spending in 2005 Information Technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... Look up aerospace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The bayonet is used as both knife and spear. ...

Contents

Examples

Some examples of megaprojects are:


Aerospace projects

Eurofighter Typhoon F2, RAF.
Eurofighter Typhoon F2, RAF.

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2025x1481, 389 KB) RAF Typhoon F2 (ZJ922) taxiing for takeoff at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford, Gloucestershire, England. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2025x1481, 389 KB) RAF Typhoon F2 (ZJ922) taxiing for takeoff at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford, Gloucestershire, England. ... RAF is an three letter acronym for: Royal Air Force -- the Air Force of the United Kingdom (see also Air Ministry) Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion) -- a German terror organisation Rigas Autobusu Fabrika -- a factory making buses in Riga, Latvia Rapid Action Force in India Računarski Fakultet RAF... The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine airliner manufactured by the European corporation Airbus, an EADS subsidiary. ... The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit is a multi-role stealth heavy bomber, capable of deploying both conventional and nuclear weapons. ... This article is about a fighter aircraft. ... F-22 redirects here. ... The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) is a fighter plane currently in early development by Lockheed Martin (with partners Northrop Grumman and BAE SYSTEMS.) The primary customers are the United States armed forces and the United Kingdom (RN and RAF), but the Netherlands... A leaked KH-11 photo showing the Nikolaiev 444 shipyard in the Black Sea taken in 1984 The KH-11, also referenced by the codenames 1010[1], Crystal and Kennan[2], also commonly known as Key Hole, was a type of reconnaissance satellite launched by the American National Reconnaissance Office... A spy satellite (officially referred to as a reconnaissance satellite or recon sat) is an Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence applications. ...

Airport projects

Photo of Kansai Airport
Photo of Kansai Airport

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1856 × 1392 pixel, file size: 117 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) en: Aerial Photograph of Kansai International Airport at JAPAN in 2007. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1856 × 1392 pixel, file size: 117 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) en: Aerial Photograph of Kansai International Airport at JAPAN in 2007. ... KIX redirects here. ... KDEN redirects here. ... Nickname: Location of Denver in the State of Colorado Location of Colorado in the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State State of Colorado City and County Denver[1] Founded 1858-11-22, as Denver City, K.T.[2] Incorporated 1861-11-07, as Denver City, C.T.[3] Consolidated... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Interior view of Dubai International Airport Dubai International Airport (IATA: DXB, ICAO: OMDB) (Arabic: مطار دبي الدولي) is the international airport serving Dubai, the largest city of the United Arab Emirates. ... Location of Dubai in the UAE Coordinates: , Country Emirate Dubai Incorporated (town) June 9, 1833 Incorporated (emirate) December 2, 1971 Founder Maktoum bin Bati bin Suhail (1833) Seat Dubai Subdivisions Towns and villages Jebel Ali Hatta Al Hunaiwah Al Aweer Al Hajarain Al Lusayli Al Marqab Al Shindagha Al Faq... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ... Incheon Airport - Entrance Incheon Airport - Departures Incheon International Airport (IIA) (IATA: ICN, ICAO: RKSI) (Korean: ) is the largest airport in South Korea, and one of the largest and busiest in Asia. ... Inchon redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Jebel Ali (جبل علي in Arabic) (also sometime written Mina Jabal Ali) is a port (Mina in Arabic) town, located thirty-five kilometres southwest of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ... Atlanta Airport redirects here. ... Atlanta redirects here. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... London Heathrow Airport (IATA airport code: LHR, ICAO airport code: EGLL, and often simply Heathrow) is the United Kingdoms busiest and best-connected airport. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... Chek Lap Kok Airport Traditional Chinese: Simplified Chinese: Hong Kong International Airport (IATA: HKG, ICAO: VHHH) is the main airport in Hong Kong. ... KIX redirects here. ... For other uses, see Kuala Lumpur International Airport (disambiguation). ... Long Thanh International Airport is an airport planned for construction in Long Thanh County, Dong Nai Province, southern Vietnam, approx 40 km North-east Ho Chi Minh City. ... Montréal-Mirabel International Airport, (or Montréal International (Mirabel) Airport) (IATA: YMX, ICAO: CYMX) originally called Montreal International Airport and widely known simply as Mirabel, is a large airport located in Mirabel, Quebec, near Montreal and was opened 4 October 1975. ... {{Canadian City/Disable Field={{{Disable Motto Link}}}}} Motto: Concordia Salus (Salvation through harmony) Ville de Montréal, Québec, Canada Location. ... OHare International Airport (IATA: ORD, ICAO: KORD, FAA LID: ORD) is an airport located in Chicago, Illinois, United States, 17 miles (27 km) northwest of the Chicago Loop. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... PIT redirects here. ... Pittsburgh redirects here. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... RÄ«ga International Airport (IATA: RIX, ICAO: EVRA) was built in 1973 as an alternative to Spilve, which had become outdated. ... For other uses, see Riga (disambiguation). ... FAA diagram of SFO For the television series, see San Francisco International Airport (TV series). ... San Francisco redirects here. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Departure screen at Suvarnabhumi Structure at Suvarnabhumi Airport Terminal Suvarnabhumi Airport (Thai: ),(IATA: BKK, ICAO: VTBS), also known as (New) Bangkok International Airport, is the international airport serving Bangkok, Thailand. ... Toronto Airport redirects here. ... Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Diversity Our Strength Image:Toronto, Ontario Location. ... New Doha International Airport is slated to replace the old Doha International Airport to it west as Qatars only airport in 2009. ... For other uses, see Doha (disambiguation). ...

Building projects

The front facade of the Petronas Twin Towers
The front facade of the Petronas Twin Towers

Petronas towers, Kuala Lumpur; by Jpatokal File links The following pages link to this file: Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Skyscraper Petronas Towers Categories: GFDL images ... Petronas towers, Kuala Lumpur; by Jpatokal File links The following pages link to this file: Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Skyscraper Petronas Towers Categories: GFDL images ... The Petronas Twin Towers (also known as the Petronas Towers or Twin Towers), in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are the worlds tallest twin buildings. ... Burj Dubai (Arabic: ‎ Dubai Tower) is a skyscraper currently under construction in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is currently the tallest man-made structure on Earth. ... Location of Dubai in the UAE Coordinates: , Country Emirate Dubai Incorporated (town) June 9, 1833 Incorporated (emirate) December 2, 1971 Founder Maktoum bin Bati bin Suhail (1833) Seat Dubai Subdivisions Towns and villages Jebel Ali Hatta Al Hunaiwah Al Aweer Al Hajarain Al Lusayli Al Marqab Al Shindagha Al Faq... The Ryugyong Hotel (or Ryu-Gyong Hotel or Yu-Kyung Hotel or the 105 Building) is a partially constructed concrete skyscraper that was once intended for use as a hotel in Sojang-dong, in the Potong-gang District of Pyongyang, North Korea. ... Not to be confused with PyeongChang. ... A glimpse of The Egg—the egg-shaped performing arts center at the Empire State Plaza—as seen from State Street. ... For other uses, see Albany. ... The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, along the Nervión River in downtown Bilbao, with the Maman, a huge spider by Louise Bourgeois The Guggenheim museum in Bilbao, Spain, which is made of glass, titanium, and limestone. ... King Abdullah Economic City (Arabic: ‎) is a multi-billion economic project revealed in 2005 in Saudi Arabia. ... McCormick Place is an enormous exposition complex located in Chicago, Illinois. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... Palace of the Parliament Night view of the Palace of the Parliament Night view from the Union Boulevard Palace from Union Boulevard Inside the palace Inside the palace View from the building towards the Union Boulevard The Palace of the Parliament from above The Palace of the Parliament (Romanian: Palatul... Nickname: Motto: Patria si Dreptul Meu (My Country and My Right) Location of Bucharest within Romania (in red) Coordinates: , Country County Founded 1459 (first official record) Government  - Mayor Adriean Videanu Area  - City 228 km² (88 sq mi)  - Metro 238 km² (91. ... Parliament House Canberra: The main entrance and the flag mast. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... The Petronas Twin Towers (also known as the Petronas Towers or Twin Towers), in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are the worlds tallest twin buildings. ... Nickname: Motto: Maju dan makmur (English: Progress and Prosper) Location in Malaysia Coordinates: , Country State Establishment 1857 Granted city status 1974 Government  - Mayor (Datuk Bandar) Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan From 14 December 2006 Area  - Total 243. ... The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The University of Pittsburgh, commonly referred to as Pitt, is a state-related, doctoral/research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ... For other uses, see Doha (disambiguation). ... Taipei 101 (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: TáibÄ›i YÄ«língyÄ«; Wade-Giles: Tai-pei I-ling-i) is a 101-floor landmark skyscraper located in Taipei, the capital of Taiwan. ... This article is about the city. ... For other meanings, see pyramid (disambiguation). ...

Canal projects

The Niagara Tunnel Project is the most recent in a series of additions to the Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric generation complex in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. ... The Panama Canal is a waterway in Central America which joins the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. ... Components of the project The Third Set of Locks Project is a megaproject that will expand the Panama Canal more so than any previous expansion since the Canals construction. ... The Three Gorges Dam (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a Chinese hydroelectric river dam that spans the Yangtze River in Sandouping, Yichang, Hubei, China. ... For other uses, see Suez (disambiguation). ...

Dam Projects

The Three Gorges Dam (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a Chinese hydroelectric river dam that spans the Yangtze River in Sandouping, Yichang, Hubei, China. ... For the dam near Westerville, Ohio, see Hoover Dam (Ohio). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Map showing reservoir The hydroelectric power station of Aswan Dam Aswan is a city on the first cataract of the Nile in Egypt. ... Image of the Tarbela Dam from space. ...

Defense Projects

The Great Wall of China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally Long wall) or (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The long wall of 10,000 Li (里)[1]) is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th... The Maginot Line (IPA: [maʒinoː], named after French minister of defense André Maginot) was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defenses, which France constructed along its borders with Germany and Italy, in the light of experience from World War I... Hadrians Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of modern-day England. ... The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983[1] to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. ... This article is about the World War II nuclear project. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. ... Tsar Bomba (, literally Emperor Bomb) is the Western name for the RDS-220 hydrogen bomb (codenamed Иван (Ivan) by its developers) — the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

International Sports infrastructure projects

The Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of mens One Day International (ODI) cricket. ... The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football (soccer) competition contested by the mens national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... For the rugby league competition, see Rugby League World Cup. ...

IT projects

// The EGEE project Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) is project funded by the European Commissions Sixth Framework Programme through Directorate F: Emerging Technologies and Infrastructures, of the Directorate-General for Information Society and Media. ... The European Research Area is a system of scientific research programmes integrating the European Unions scientific resources. ... Grid computing is a phrase in distributed computing which can have several meanings: Multiple independent computing clusters which act like a grid because they are composed of resource nodes not located within a single administrative domain. ... , The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a particle accelerator and Hadron collider located at CERN, near Geneva, Switzerland. ... The National Programme for IT (NPfIT) which is being delivered by the new Department of Health agency NHS Connecting for Health (CfH), is an initiative by the National Health Service in England to move towards an electronic care record for patients and to connect 30,000 GPs to 300 hospitals... NHS redirects here. ... The Navy/Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) is a United States Department of the Navy outsourcing program, in which an outside contractor provides a vast majority of information technology services for the entire Department, including the United States Navy and Marine Corps. ...

Oil and Gas projects

Main article: Oil Megaprojects

Oil mega projects are significant oil field developments that do, or are planned to, bring a significant amount of new oil production capacity into use. ... The Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta, Canada. ... The Corrib gas project entails exploiting a natural gas deposit off the northwest coast of Ireland. ... Location map. ... Sakhalin Offshore Fields The Sakhalin-I project, like its sister project Sakhalin-II, is a consortium to locate and produce oil and gas on Sakhalin Island and immediately offshore, in the Sea of Okhotsk, from three fields: Chayvo, Odoptu and Arkutun-Dagi. ... Map of the pipeline The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), usually called the Alyeska Pipeline in Alaska or the Alaska Pipeline elsewhere, is a major U.S. oil pipeline connecting oil fields in northern Alaska to a sea port where the oil can be shipped to the Lower 48 states...

Port projects

port of Rotterdam lay-out and evolution The Waalhaven by night Europe Container Terminals The port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe, located in the city of Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands. ... Donghai Bridge The Yangshan deep-water port (洋山深水港) is a new port in Hangzhou Bay south of Shanghai, at . ...

Rail and rapid transit projects

Bart can refer to: A diminutive of Bartholomew Barts is the frequently used abbreviation for St Bartholomews Hospital in the City of London. ... Bay Area redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... The Urban Train of Lima The Urban Train of Lima is the electric mass transit system of Greater Lima, Peru. ... RAV redirects here. ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ... Motto: Splendor sine occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Steven Point Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 36 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area  Ranked 5th Total 944... The British terminal at Cheriton in west Folkestone, from the Pilgrims Way. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... An artists impression of the trains to be built for the Gautrain system (Bombardier press image). ... Categories: South Africa stubs | Provinces of South Africa | Gauteng Province ... This article is about the city in South Africa. ... Motto: Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence) Country Province Established 1855 Area  - Total 1,644 km² (634. ... The new Gotthard Base Tunnel together with the Zimmerberg Base tunnel form the northern part of the Gotthard axis of the Alptransit project (yellow: major tunnels, red: existing main tracks, numbers: year of completion). ... Canary Wharf tube station The Jubilee Line Extension is the extension of the London Underground Jubilee Line into southern and eastern London. ... The London Underground is a rapid transit system that serves a large part of Greater London and some neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. ... For other uses, see Crossrail (disambiguation). ... Marmaray is the name for a project to link the European and Anatolian halves of Istanbul by an undersea rail tunnel across the Bosphorus strait. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Bosphorus - photo taken from International Space Station. ... Map of the railway The worlds highest railway, which traverses the vast terrain of Tibet. ... Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-hai; Postal System Pinyin: Tsinghai; Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་ mtsho-sngon; Mongolian: Köke Naγur; Manchu: Huhu Noor) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake. ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... The Seikan Tunnel (青函トンネル Seikan Tonneru or 青函隧道 Seikan Zuidō) is a 53. ... Washington Metro redirects here. ... ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... A Transcontinental Railroad is a railway that crosses a continent typically from sea to sea. Terminals are at or connected to different oceans. ...

Road traffic projects

A1 near the Sveti Rok Tunnel Motorway A1 (Croatian: ), is a motorway in Croatia. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government  - Mayor Milan Bandić Area [1]  - Total 641. ... For other uses, see Split (disambiguation). ... Look up Dubrovnik in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other projects of the same name, see Big Dig. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Bundesautobahn 20 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 20, short form Autobahn 20, abbreviated as BAB 20 or A 20) is an autobahn in Germany. ... Chinese expressway, complete with signage. ... Fehmarn and Lolland divided by the Fehmarn Belt Ferry route in satelite picture The Fehmarn Belt bridge is a project to connect the German island Fehmarn with the Danish island Lolland with a bridge crossing the Fehmarn Belt in the Baltic Sea. ... Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states. ... National Highways account for only about 2 per cent of the total length of roads, but carry about 40 per cent of the total traffic across the length and breadth of the country. ... The Oresund Bridge (Danish Øresundsbroen, Swedish Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name Øresundsbron) is a combined two-track rail and four-lane road bridge across the Oresund strait. ... Construction of the tunnel Citytunneln, or The City Tunnel is a 17 kilometer raillink between the current Terminal station Malmö Central and the Öresund Bridge, currently under construction. ... Gibraltar Tunnel is a planned rail tunnel that will link Africa and Europe. ... Hsuehshan Tunnel underconstruction in 2002 The Hsuehshan Tunnel(Traditional Chinese: 雪山隧道, Hanyu Pinyin: Xueshan Suidao, Tongyong Pinyin: Syueshan Sueidao) is the longest tunnel located on the Taipei-Yilan Expressway(Taiwan National Highway No. ... This article is about the city. ... Yilan City (宜蘭市), commonly and historically spelled Ilan or I-lan (Wade-Giles), is the capital of Yilan County in the Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ... The path of the Via Appia and of the Via Appia Traiana. ... Not to be confused with Romans road. ...

Science projects

Apollo Program Saturn V awaiting launch.
Apollo Program Saturn V awaiting launch.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (576x800, 103 KB)Official NASA description of the image: Early morning view on November 9, 1967 of Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, showing Apollo 4 Saturn V (Spacecraft 017/Saturn 501) prior to launch later that day. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (576x800, 103 KB)Official NASA description of the image: Early morning view on November 9, 1967 of Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, showing Apollo 4 Saturn V (Spacecraft 017/Saturn 501) prior to launch later that day. ... ISS redirects here. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... ITER is an international tokamak (magnetic confinement fusion) research/engineering project designed to prove the scientific and technological feasibility of a full-scale fusion power reactor. ... The deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing sustainable fusion power. ... , The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a particle accelerator and Hadron collider located at CERN, near Geneva, Switzerland. ... This article is about the World War II nuclear project. ... Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961 – 1975. ... Project Constellation is NASAs current plan for space exploration. ... The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) was a ring particle accelerator which was planned to be built in the area around Waxahachie, TX. It was planned to have a ring circumference of 87 km (54 miles) and an energy of 20 TeV per beam, potentially enough energy to create a Higgs...

Urban projects

Iskandar Development Region (IDR) (Malay: Wilayah Pembangunan Iskandar). ... State motto: Kepada Allah Berserah State anthem: Lagu Bangsa Johor Capital Johor Bahru Royal capital Pasir Pelangi1 Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Sultan Sultan Iskandar  - Menteri Besar Abdul Ghani Othman History    - Johor Sultanate 14th century   - British control 1914   - Japanese occupation 1942   - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948  Area  - Total 19,984... La Défense, the new skyline of Paris La Défense is a district of high-rise offices, apartment blocks and shopping complexes over part of the communes of Nanterre, Courbevoie and Puteaux (all in the Hauts-de-Seine département), to the west of Paris. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Moscow-city in September 2007 Moscow International Business Centre (Московский Международный Деловой Центр (ММДЦ)), (former Moscow-City (Russian: Москва-Сити )) is a projected part of central Moscow, Russia. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... A model of how Project CityCenter will appear from Las Vegas Blvd. ... The south end of The Strip; approximately one third of the entire Strip is represented here. ... The Paradise Project is a redevelopment project in Liverpool, England. ... For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the city in Northern Ireland. ... New Songdo City is a master-planned international business center to be developed on 1,500 acres of reclaimed land along Incheons waterfront, 40 miles south of Seoul and connected to the new Incheon International Airport by a 6-mile highway bridge. ... Inchon redirects here. ... , Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: ), formerly known as New Bombay, is a twin city of Mumbai, India. ... Lusail City is the newest city in Qatar. ... For other uses, see Doha (disambiguation). ... Tenochtitlan, looking east. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City Coordinates: , Country Federal entity Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded c. ...

Water infrastructure projects

The Chicago River is 156 miles (251 km) long[1], and flows through downtown Chicago. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... The Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (abbreviated TARP and more commonly known as the Deep Tunnel Project or the Chicago Deep Tunnel) is one of the largest civil engineering projects ever undertaken in terms of scope, money and timeframe. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... The Delta Works are a number of constructions that were built between 1950 and 1997 in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land from the sea. ... The Great Manmade River or Great Man-made River (GMR) is a network of pipes that supplies water to the Sahara Desert in Libya from a fossil aquifer in the Sahara. ... The Saemangeum Seawall, located on the southwest coast of the Korean peninsula, is the worlds longest man-made dyke, measuring 33 kilometres. ... The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) provides water and sewage treatment for customers in Alameda County and portions of Contra Costa County in California, on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay. ... Oakland redirects here. ... Building site Building site The Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Project involves damming two rivers in eastern Iceland (the Jökulsá í Fljótsdal - source to the famous Milky Lake of Lagarfljót, and the Jökulsá á Dal (aka Jókulsá á Bru)) to produce hydroelectricity to power a new aluminium smelting plant... MOSE Project is a project intented to protect the city of Venice, Italy, against the rise of sea level. ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ... The Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel or SMART Tunnel, is a storm drainage and road structure in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, a major national project in the country. ... Nickname: Motto: Maju dan makmur (English: Progress and Prosper) Location in Malaysia Coordinates: , Country State Establishment 1857 Granted city status 1974 Government  - Mayor (Datuk Bandar) Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan From 14 December 2006 Area  - Total 243. ... Talbingo Dam The Snowy Mountains Scheme is a hydro-electricity and irrigation complex in south-east Australia. ... NSW redirects here. ... Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th)  - Land 227,416 km²  - Water 10,213 km² (4. ... The South-North Water Transfer Project (Chinese:南水北调工程) is a proposed scheme by the Peoples Republic of China to divert water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. ... Thames Tideway Scheme is being built to deal with storm overflows in London, UK. External links OFWAT Categories: UK buildings and structures stubs | London infrastructure ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

See also

Cost overrun is defined as excess of actual cost over budget. ... Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition is a book by Bent Flyvbjerg, Nils Bruzelius, and Werner Rothengatter dealing with the risks and legalities of promotion, policy, planning, and construction of megaprojects. ... A megastructure, in science fiction and speculative (or exploratory) engineering, is an enormous self-supporting artificial construct. ... Optimism bias is the demonstrated systematic tendency for people to be over-optimistic about the outcome of planned actions. ...

References

  1. ^ Bent Flyvbjerg, Nils Bruzelius, and Werner Rothengatter, 2003. Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition ISBN 0521009464 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  2. ^ Alan Altshuler and David Luberoff, Mega-Projects: The Changing Politics of Urban Public Investment (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2003). ISBN 0815701292
  3. ^ Dan McNichol and Andy Ryan, The Big Dig, Silver Lining Press, 1991
  4. ^ Environmental Impact Statement for the East Bay Municipal Utility District Wet Weather Overflow Project, EMI prepared for the U.S. EPA and East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Ca. (1985)

Bent Flyvbjerg is Professor of Planning at Aalborg University, Denmark. ... The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ... The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) provides water and sewage treatment for customers in Alameda County and portions of Contra Costa County in California, on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay. ...

External links

  • What is a megaproject?
  • Borovoye-Biocity - megaproject for Kazakhstan


 

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