NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Megara

Megara (Greek: Μέγαρα ('Big Houses')) is an ancient city (pop. 23,032 in 2001) in Attica, Greece. It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis, which belonged to Megara in archaic times, before being taken by Athens. Megara was one of the four districts of Attica, embodied in the four mythic sons of King Pandion II, of whom Nisos was the ruler of Megara. Megara was also a trade port, its people using their ships and wealth as a way to gain leverage on armies of neighboring polises. It possessed two harbors, Pegae, to the west on the Corinthian Gulf and Nisaea, to the east on the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 685 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (800 Ã— 700 pixel, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/png) Other versions Adapted from Image:Greece outline map. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing daylight saving Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth â€“ approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... The peripheries (Ï€ÎµÏÎ¹Ï†ÎÏÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ‚) are the subnational divisions of Greece. ... Attica (in Greek: Î‘Ï„Ï„Î¹ÎºÎ®, Attike; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. ... Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as Peripheries of Greece, which are further subdivided into 51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos, Greek: Î½Î¿Î¼Î¿Î¯, Î½Î¿Î¼ÏŒÏ‚)): See also List of the prefectures of Greece by area List of the prefectures of Greece by population density List of the prefectures of Greece by population External... West Attica is one of the prefectures of Greece. ... Districts are a form of local government in several countries. ... A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... This is an alphabetical list of municipalities and communities in Greece. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Here are list of postal codes in Greece. ... This is a list of dialing codes in Greece. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... Attica (in Greek: Î‘Ï„Ï„Î¹ÎºÎ®, Attike; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. ... Salamis (Greek, Modern: Î£Î±Î»Î±Î¼Î¯Î½Î± SalamÃna, Ancient/Katharevousa: Î£Î±Î»Î±Î¼Î¯Ï‚ SalamÃs) is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about 1 nautical mile (2 km) off-coast from Piraeus. ... In Greek mythology, Pandion II was son and heir of Cecrops II, King of Athens. ... In Greek mythology, Nisos was one of the four sons of Pandion. ... The Gulf of Corinth is the body of water separating Peloponnese from western mainland Greece. ... The Saronic Gulf or Gulf of Aegina in Greece forms part of the Aegean Sea and defines the eastern side of the isthmus of Corinth. ...

Early history

In historical times, Megara was early a dependency of Corinth, in which capacity colonists from Megara founded Megara Hyblaea, a small polis north of Syracuse in Sicily. Megara then fought a war of independence with Corinth, and afterwards founded (c. 667 BC) Byzantium, as well as Chalcedon. Megara was known for its money in historical times. Megara Hyblaea (perhaps identical with Hybla Major) is the name of an ancient Greek colony in Sicily, situated near Augusta on the east coast, 12 miles NNW of Syracuse, Italy. ... Syracuse (Italian, Siracusa, ancient Syracusa - see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a city on the eastern coast of Sicily and the capital of the province of Syracuse, Italy. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC - 660s BC - 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC Events and trends 668 BC - Egypt revolts against Assyria 668 BC - Assurbanipal succeeds Esarhaddon as king of... Byzantium (Greek: Î’Ï…Î¶Î¬Î½Ï„Î¹Î¿Î½) was an ancient Greek city, which, according to legend, was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Ï‚ or Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Î½Ï„Î±Ï‚ in Greek). ... Chalcedon (Î§Î±Î»ÎºÎ·Î´ÏŽÎ½, sometimes transliterated as Chalkedon; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor, almost directly opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern ÃœskÃ¼dar). ...

In the Peloponnesian War (c. 431 BC-404 BC), Megara was an ally of Sparta. The Megarian decree is considered to be one of several contributing "causes" of the Peloponnesian War.^[3] Athenian War redirects here. ... Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC - 430s BC - 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC Years: 436 BC 435 BC 434 BC 433 BC 432 BC - 431 BC - 430 BC 429 BC... Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC - 400s BC - 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC Years: 409 BC 408 BC 407 BC 406 BC 405 BC - 404 BC - 403 BC 402 BC... For modern day Sparta, see Sparti (municipality). ... The Megarian Decree was a set of economic sanctions levied upon Megara circa 433 BC by the Athenian Empire shortly before the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. ... Athenian War redirects here. ...

The most famous citizen of Megara in antiquity was Byzas. The 6th-century poet Theognis also came from Megara. The Megarans were proverbial for their generosity in building and endowing temples. Jerome reports "There is a common saying about the Megarians […:] 'They build as if they are to live forever; they live as if they are to die tomorrow.'"^[4] According to a Greek legend, Byzas was a Greek colonist (reported by some to be a leader or even a king) from the Doric colony of Megara in Ancient Greece, who consulted the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. ... Theognis of Megara (6th century BC) was an ancient Greek poet. ... For other uses, see Jerome (disambiguation). ...

Geography

A population of 28,195 live within the municipality. It is located 42 km WNW of Athens in the southwestern part of West Attica Prefecture, and is linked by a highway connecting the Peloponnese, Western Greece, and Athens. It is now linked by a high-speed rail line suburban railway. Megara lies in the Megaris plain. It has the largest land area of any municipality in the Attica periphery, and the largest population in West Attica. Agriculture used to dominate before housing began to expand in Megara in the 1960s and the 1970s. The following are list of municipalities in Attica, including Athens. ... West Attica is one of the prefectures of Greece. ... A non-freeway part of the road Greece Interstate 8A, sometimes Greece Interstate 8 is a toll road running from Kifissou avenue, in Athens up to the northeast of Patras. ... Proastiakos train in Athens Central Railway Station The Proastiakos (Greek: Î ÏÎ¿Î±ÏƒÏ„Î¹Î±ÎºÏŒÏ‚ meaning literally the Suburban) is the suburban railway system of Athens, Greece. ... Megaris, a small but populous state of ancient Greece, south of Attica, whose inhabitants were adventurous seafarers, credited with deceitful propensities. ...

3 km south of Megara is a small community called Pachi, which is famous for its fish tavernas and is visited by people from all over Greece. Nea Peramos is the neighboring city to the east of Megara and Kakia Skala to the west of Megara. There is a military airport to the south. South of Megara is the Gulf of Megara. The largest other towns in the municipality are Kinéta (pop. 1,972), Spárta (712), Vlycháda (694), and Aigeiroúses (479). The municipality is unusual for one its geographical size, in that it has only one municipal district, the third-largest in Greece (after the Sílis district in Paranesti and the Mikró Déreio district in Orfeas) if Mount Athos is not counted. There are, however, 14 towns or villages in the municipality. Nea Peramos (Greek: Νέα Πέραμος), is a suburb in the west northwestern part of Athens, Greece. ... Paranesti (Î Î±ÏÎ±Î½ÎÏƒÏ„Î¹) is a municipality in the Drama Prefecture, Greece. ... Orfeas, named after the mythical musician Orpheus, is one of the largest municipalities and the least populated municipality in the prefecture of Evros, Greece. ... Capital Karyes Official languages Koine Greek, Church Slavonic, Modern Greek, Russian, Serbian, Georgian, Bulgarian, Romanian (both liturgical and civil use), Modern Greek (civil use) Government - Head of State2 Dora Bakoyannis - Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I Area - Total 390 kmÂ² 150 sq mi Population - estimate 2,250 Demonyms: Athonite, Hagiorite (English); Î‘Î¸Ï‰Î½Î¯Ï„Î·Ï‚, Î‘Î³Î¹Î¿ÏÎ¯Ï„Î·Ï‚ (Greek). ...

Towns and villages

Kineta is also a place in Côté dIvoire, see Kineta, Côté dIvoire Kineta (Greek: Κινέτα) is a suburban town located 52 km W of downtown Athens. ...

Historical population

Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

Notable people

Inside the tunnel Eupalinus of Megara, a Greek architect, constructed for the tyrant Polycrates of Samos a remarkable 1,036 meters (about 4,000 feet) long tunnel to bring water to the city, passing through limestone at the base of a hill. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 6th century BC started on January 1, 600 BC and ended on December 31, 501 BC. // Monument 1, an Olmec colossal head at La Venta The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time... According to a Greek legend, Byzas was a Greek colonist (reported by some to be a leader or even a king) from the Doric colony of Megara in Ancient Greece, who consulted the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. ... Byzantium (Greek: Î’Ï…Î¶Î¬Î½Ï„Î¹Î¿Î½) was an ancient Greek city, which, according to legend, was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Ï‚ or Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Î½Ï„Î±Ï‚ in Greek). ...

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Jerome (disambiguation). ...

Contents

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