Ménière’s disease (or syndrome, since its cause is unknown) was first described by French physician Prosper Ménière in 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. Events January January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I January 3 - American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States January 9 - Mississippi... 1861. It is a A balance disorder is a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, woozy, or have a sensation of movement, spinning, or floating. An organ in our inner ear, the labyrinth, is an important part of the vestibular system which is responsible for balancing the body. The labyrinth interacts... balance disorder of the For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). A right human ear. An ear is an organ used by an animal to detect sound. The term may refer to the entire system responsible for collection and early processing of sound (the beginning of the auditory system), or merely the externally-visible... inner ear characterized by Vertigo can refer to a number of things: Vertigo is a form of dizziness often associated with balance disorder. Vertigo is the title of an Alfred Hitchcock movie. Vertigo is an imprint of comic books and graphic novels published by DC Comics, which is intended for mature audiences. Vertigo is... vertigo (abnormal sensation of movement), a feeling of fullness or pressure in one or both For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). A right human ear. An ear is an organ used by an animal to detect sound. The term may refer to the entire system responsible for collection and early processing of sound (the beginning of the auditory system), or merely the externally-visible... ears, and possibly hearing loss and Tinnitus is a phenomenon of the nervous system connected to the ear, characterized by perception of a ringing or beating sound (often perceived as sinusoidal) with no external source. This sound may be quiet, or loud enough to drown out all outside sounds. Causes of tinnitus include: A sudden loud... tinnitus (noises or a sensation of ringing). Moreover, Nausea (Greek Ναυτεία) is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit. Nausea is a symptom of many conditions, including motion sickness, morning sickness during pregnancy, viral infections, and other diseases. It is also a side effect of... nausea, Vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth. Although it probably evolved as a mechanism for expelling ingested poisons, it may be due to many causes not related to poisoning, ranging from gastritis to brain tumors. Antiemetics are sometimes necessary to... vomiting, sweating and Nystagmus is rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement, with the eyes moving quickly in one direction (quick phase), and then slowly in the other (slow phase). The direction of nystagmus is defined by the direction of its quick phase (e.g., right nystagmus is due to a right moving quick phase... nystagmus (uncontrollable rhythmical and jerky eye movements; usually in horizontal plane with Ménière's) may frequently accompany other symptoms. These complaints and findings occur as episodic bouts, which may last from 24 minutes to 24 hours and worsen with movements.

The exact cause of Ménière's disease is not known, but it is believed to be caused by the swelling of the endolymphatic sac, part of the See also Labyrinth, an article treating the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur. The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, comprising the semicircular canals and the vestibule, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the... vestibular system of the inner ear, which is responsible for the body's sense of balance. The symptoms may occur in the presence of a For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). A right human ear. An ear is an organ used by an animal to detect sound. The term may refer to the entire system responsible for collection and early processing of sound (the beginning of the auditory system), or merely the externally-visible... middle ear Infection is also the title of an episode of the television series Babylon 5; see Infection (Babylon 5). An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. The colonizing organism interferes with the normal functioning and perhaps the survival of the host. The infecting organism... infection, Head trauma is bleeding in the brain. Head trauma can be caused by many things. A common cause is car accidents if your skull gets hit violently and internal bleedings can occur. A professional boxer can get it if he is hit too many times on his head. Traumatic subarachnoid... head trauma or an Upper respiratory tract infection, also popularly known as either the acronym URTI or URI, is the disease characterised by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx, or larynx. Contents // Categories: Medicine stubs | Infectious diseases ... upper respiratory tract infection, or by using A very old bottle of Aspirin Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches), antipyretic (against fever), and anti-inflammatory. It has also an anticoagulant (blood thinning) effect and is used in long-term low-doses... aspirin, smoking cigarettes or drinking alcohol. They may be further exacerbated by excessive consumption of Caffeine molecular structure Caffeine is an alkaloid found naturally in such foods as coffee beans, tea, kola nuts, Yerba maté, guarana, and (in small amounts) cacao beans. It is added to some soft drinks such as colas, Irn-Bru and Mountain Dew. Caffeine has a characteristic intensely bitter taste. Its... caffeine and even For other meanings of the word salt see table salt or salt (disambiguation). In chemistry, salt is a general term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. These ions can be inorganic (Cl... salt in some patients.

The diagnosis is usually established by clinical findings and Medical history can either refer to the History of medicine personal (case) medical history: anamnesis medical history of a family: Family history (medicine) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here... medical history. However, a detailed neurologic examination, audiometry and even head MRI Image Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method of creating images of the inside of opaque organs in living organisms as well as detecting the amount of bound water in geological structures. It is primarily used to visualise pathological or other physiological alterations of living tissues and it is... magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan can be performed to exclude a Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. Tumor meaning swelling is one of the five classical characteristics of inflammation. However, the term is now primarily used to denote abnormal growth of tissue. This growth can be either malignant or... tumor of the The vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves, and also known as the auditory nerve. It emerges from the medulla oblongata and enters the internal acoustic meatus in the temporal bone, along with the facial nerve. The vestibular nerve goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion... cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) which would cause similar symptoms.

Treatment is aimed at lowering the pressure within the inner ear. An antihistamine is a drug which serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released during allergic reactions, through action at the histamine receptor. Only agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines _ other agents... Antihistamines, An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Anticholinergics are typically reversible competitive inhibitors of one of the two types of acetylcholine receptors, and are classified according to... anticholinergics, In chemistry and biology, Steroids are a type of lipid, characterized by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings. Hundreds of distinct steroids have been identified in plants and animals. Their most important role in most living systems is as hormones. In human physiology and medicine, the most important steroids... steroids, and A diuretic is any drug that tends to increase the flow of urine from the body (diuresis). Some common diuretics are caffeine and alcohol. Medically, diuretics are used to treat heart failure, liver Cirrhosis, Hypertension and certain kidney diseases. Diuretics are able to alleviate the symptoms of these diseases by... diuretics may be used for this purpose. Also, the symptoms may be treated with An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of some opioid analgesics and chemotherapy directed against cancer. Antiemetics include: Dopamine antagonists Domperidone Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine metoclopramide Antihistamines Cyclizine Diphenhydramine Dimenhydrinate 5-Hydroxytryptamine antagonists dolasetron granisetron... antiemetics (to relieve nausea) or Benzodiazepine tablets The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. Benzodiazepines are often used for short-term relief of severe, disabling anxiety or insomnia. Long-term use can be problematic due to the development of tolerance and dependency. They are believed to... benzodiazepines (which control vertigo directly). Some clinicians may recommend a low salt diet for the same purpose. Surgery Surgery is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. Its practitioners are referred to as surgeons. History of surgery Although surgeons are now considered to be specialised physicians, the profession of surgeon and that of physician have different historical roots. For example... Surgery of the inner ear illustration showing semicircular canal, hair cells, ampulla, cupula, vestibular nerve, & fluid The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear that are the equivalent of three gyroscopes located in three planes perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. Each canal is filled with... semicircular canals or the vestibular nerve is very rarely performed in some untreatable and most severe cases. Another treatment is chemical labyrinthectomy, in which a drug (such as Gentamycin) that "kills" the vestibular apparatus is injected into the inner ear. These radical treatments eliminate vertigo, but they also eliminate the patient's normal sense of balance, and so are used only as a last resort. The disease may end spontaneously and never repeat again, recovery may be managed by using medications only, and in some limited occasions the symptoms may last despite any kind of medications.

Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr. ( November 18, 1923 – July 21, 1998) ( Rear Admiral, USN, Ret.) was the first U.S. astronaut in space, though his first flight was only sub-orbital. He attended the East Derry primary and secondary schools in his birthplace of Derry, New Hampshire; received a Bachelor... Alan B. Shepard, the first The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... American U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit. Picture courtesy NASA A cosmonaut, astronaut, spationaut or taikonaut is a person who travels into space, or who makes a career of doing so. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary (see United States... astronaut, was diagnosed with Ménière’s disease in 1964, grounding him after only one brief spaceflight. Several years later, surgery (which was then at the experimental stage) was performed, allowing Shepard to fly to the For other moons in the solar system see natural satellite. For other uses see Moon (disambiguation). Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0.6% Sodium 0.3% Chromium 0.2% Potassium 0.1% Manganese 0.1% Sulfur 0.1... Moon on Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the Apollo program and the third mission to land on the moon. Crew Alan Shepard (2), commander Stuart Roosa (1), command module pilot Edgar Mitchell (1), lunar module pilot Backup Crew Gene Cernan, commander Ron Evans, command module pilot Joe Engle, lunar... Apollo 14.

See also: A balance disorder is a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, woozy, or have a sensation of movement, spinning, or floating. An organ in our inner ear, the labyrinth, is an important part of the vestibular system which is responsible for balancing the body. The labyrinth interacts... balance disorder

External links

• NIH information (http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/balance/meniere.asp)
• Another theory (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12555932&dopt=Abstract)