The Menyanthaceae are a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the Order Asterales. There are approximately 70 species in five genera distributed worldwide. Characters that define the family include a sympetalous corolla, storage of carbohydrate as inulin, and the production of seco-loganin. Morphological and molecular data strongly indicate the Menyanthaceae are in a clade with Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae and Asteraceae (APG II). Leaves are generally basal and arize alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submersed aquatic genus Nymphoides, leaves are floating and subtended by an umbellateinflorescence or lax raceme. The genera Menyanthes and Fauria are characterized by an erect raceme, and Villarsia possesses a branched panicle. In Liparophyllum the inflorescence consists of a single terminal flower. Flowers are five-parted and either yellow or white. They may be fimbriate or adorned with wings or fringes. Fruit type is a capsule. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Families See text The Asterales are an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae (sunflowers and daisies) and its related families. ... See genus (mathematics) for the use of the term in mathematics. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Families See text The Asterales are an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae (sunflowers and daisies) and its related families. ... See genus (mathematics) for the use of the term in mathematics. ... Inulins are a group of naturally occurring oligosaccharides (several simple sugars linked together) produced by many types of plants. ... Greek clados = branch) or phylogenetic systematics is a branch of biology that determines the evolutionary relationships of living things based on derived similarities. ... Genera many, see list The aster or sunflower family (Family Asteraceae or, alternatively Family Compositae) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. ... The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group is an international group of systematic botanists who have come together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants in the light of the rapid rise of molecular systematics. ... In botany, phyllotaxis is the arrangement of the leaves on the shoot of a plant. ... In botany, a rhizome is a horizontal, usually underground stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. ... Umbels on Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) An umbel is an inflorescence which consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) which are equal in length and spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. ... An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant. ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structure A panicle is a compound raceme; a branched, indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers (and fruit) attached along the secondary branches (in another words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes). ... Flowers and fruit (capsules) of the ground orchid, Spathoglottis plicata. ...
Menyanthaceae do not link with the other families in the four-gene study of Albach et al.
Menyanthaceae are aquatic plants with orbicular or palmately-compound leaves with broad bases and quite large usually heterostylous polysymmetric flowers.
Menyanthaceae were placed in Solanales by Cronquist (1981), but inulin storage i.a.
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