Merck KGaA

Type	Public
Founded	1668
Location	Darmstadt
Industry	Health care
Website	www.merck.de

Merck KGaA is a German based pharmaceutical company. Merck was founded in Germany and privately owned until going partly public in 1995. Following World War I, Merck lost possession of its foreign sites including the Merck & Co. subsidiary in the United States. Merck & Co., called Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) outside the USA and Canada, is now an independent company. Image File history File links Merck_logo. ... A public company is a company owned by the public rather than by a relatively few individuals. ... // Events January - The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed. ... Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. ... Health care or healthcare is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions [1]. The organised provision of such services may constitute a healthcare system. ... This page as shown in the AOL 9. ... A pharmaceutical company (or drug company) is a company licensed to discover, develop, market and distribute drugs. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... Merck & Co. ...

Merck KGaA (also referred to as “German Merck” or “Merck Darmstadt”) is one of the oldest still operating chemical-pharmaceutical companies in the world established in 1668. The German based pharmaceutical company operates mainly in Europe. Since Merck & Co. has rights to the Merck name in the USA and Canada, the company operates under the umbrella brand EMD in North America, formed from the initials of Emanuel Merck, Darmstadt. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. ...

History

Merck has a colorful and varied history. The roots of Merck reach back into the 17th Century. In 1668, Friedrich Jacob Merck, an apothecary, assumed ownership of the "Engel-Apotheke" (Angel Pharmacy) in Darmstadt, Germany. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... // Events January - The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed. ... A historical re-enactor protraying a 19th century apothecary in Old Salem, North Carolina. ... Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. ...

In 1816, Emanuel Merck took over the pharmacy. Thanks to his good scientific education he was successful in isolating and characterizing alkaloids in the pharmacy laboratory. He began the manufacture of these substances "in bulk" in 1827, touting them as a "Cabinet of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Innovations". He and his successors gradually built up a chemical-pharmaceutical factory that produced — in addition to raw materials for pharmaceutical preparations — a multitude of other chemicals and (from 1890) medicines. 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and other animals. ... Bowl of Hygeia Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον = drug) is the profession charged with ensuring the safe use of medication. ... Biochemistry laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry: A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ... A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is a large industrial building where workers manufacture goods or supervise machines processing one product into another. ...

In 1891, George Merck established himself in the United States and set up Merck & Co. in New York, USA. Merck & Co. was confiscated following the First World War and set up as an independent company in the United States. Today, the US company has about 70,000 employees in 120 countries and 31 factories worldwide. It is one of the top 5 pharmaceutical companies worldwide, much larger than its German ancestor, which employees around 28,600 people in 54 countries. 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Merck & Co. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First...

Schering Takeover Bid

On March 13, 2006, Merck announced a takeover bid [1] for Schering, the World's largest producer of oral contraceptives. On March 23, 2006, Bayer AG made a supported offer for Schering and Merck decided to drop out of the bidding for the company. March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Schering Aktiengesellschaft was founded in 1851 and is a research-centered pharmaceutical company, employing more than 26. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bayer AG (German pronunciation BYE-er, in US usually pronounced BAY-er) (NYSE: BAY, TYO: 4863 ) is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863. ...

Drug Discoveries

Many popular and successful products have emerged from Merck's laboratories. After Wilhelm Adam Sertürner's isolation of morphine from opium in 1805, Merck pioneered (from 1827) the commercial manufacture of morphine for an expanding global market. From 1884 onwards, Merck played a vigorous role too in the production and marketing of cocaine. Sigmund Freud, author of Über Coca (1884), was an enthusiastic collaborator in Merck's coca research, though the methodological sophistication of his self-experimentation studies has been challenged. Morphine (INN), the principal active agent in opium, is a powerful opioid analgesic drug. ... Opium is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the drug cocaine. ... Sigmund Freud, around 1921 Sigmund Freud (IPA: []) (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ...

Around World War I, Merck systematically patented many drugs including MDMA (ecstasy) [2] and several of it's analogues, though no uses for them were given. Attention was directed at vitamins as a new product category, and Vigantol was introduced in 1927, followed by Cebion in 1934. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... ecstasy and religious ecstasy MDMA, most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the brain to rapidly secrete large amounts of serotonin, causing a general sense of openness, empathy, energy, euphoria, and well-being. ... MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the secretion of and inhibit the re-uptake of large amounts of serotonin as well as dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain, causing... Vitamins are organic chemicals that a given living organism requires in trace quantities for good health, but which the organism cannot synthesize, and therefore must obtain from its diet. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Following the defeat of Germany in World War II, Merck was granted permission by the military government to produce drugs, pesticides, food preservatives, reagents, and fine chemicals for laboratory use. Soon afterwards the boom commonly known as the "Wirtschaftswunder" (economic miracle) set in. For Merck this meant two-digit sales-growth figures for many years. Successful pharmaceutical agents of this time included corticoid preparations — for example Fortecortin, which is still used today —, the cold remedy Nasivin or the hormone preparations Gestafortin and Menova. Other products from Merck are Metformin, Bisoprolol, Digitoxin and Cetuximab. In the chemical-research sector, work started on pearl-lustre pigments in 1957, while the company's involvement in liquid crystals was initiated ten years later leading to its market leading role today. In the area of analytical chemistry, Merck played a leading role in the development of chromatographic methods. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... The term Wirtschaftswunder (English: economic miracle) designates the upturn experienced in the West German and Austrian economies after the Second World War. ... The term Wirtschaftswunder (German: Wirtschafts [economic] + wunder [miracle]) is used to describe the upturn experienced in the West German and Austrian economies after the Second World War. ... Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. ... In biology, pigment is any material resulting in color in plant or animal cells which is the result of selective absorption. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Liquid crystals are a class of molecules that, under some conditions, inhabit a phase in which they exhibit isotropic, fluid-like behavior – that is, with little long-range ordering – but which under other conditions inhabit one or more phases with significant anisotropic structure and long-range ordering while still having... Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. ... Chromatography is a family of analytical chemistry techniques for the separation of mixtures. ...

External links

• About Merck KGaA
• Discover Merck KGaA
• The early history of Ecstasy: Merck and MDMA
• EMD Chemicals, EMD Biosciences (Including Calbiochem, Novabiochem, and Novagen brands), and EMD Pharmaceuticals, Merck's North American affiliates