This article is about the breed of sheep. For the town in Victoria, Australia, see Merino, Victoria.
 Unshorn merino sheep. The merino is the most numerous breed of sheep in the world. It is a breed prized for its wool, although more recently the low price of wool has led to more of an emphasis on the market and sale of the meat of the animal. Super fine merinos are regarded as having the finest and softest wool of any sheep. Poll merinos have no horns (or very small stubs), and horned merinos have long, spiral horns which grow close to the head. Merino is a town in the Western District of Victoria, Australia. ...
Image File history File links Merino_sheep. ...
“Sheep†redirects here. ...
Long and short hair wool at the South Central Family Farm Research Center in Boonesville, Arizona Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals and people of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats and rabbits and oxes...
In Australian Merinos a single gene with three possible alleles control horn inheritance [1]. History The Poll Merino was developed in Australia. ...
Wool The merino is an excellent grazer and very adaptable. It is bred predominantly for its wool, and its carcass size is generally smaller than that of sheep bred for meat. The South African Mutton Merino and Merinofleischschaf have been bred to balance wool production and carcass quality. Long and short hair wool at the South Central Family Farm Research Center in Boonesville, Arizona Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals and people of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats and rabbits and oxes...
Merino wool is tightly crimped and springy. Staples are commonly between 2.5–4 inches (65–100 mm). A Saxon Merino produces between 3 and 6 kg of unwashed wool a year while a good quality Peppin Merino ram will produce up to 18 kg of unwashed wool a year. Merino wool is generally less than 24.5 micrometres (microns, µm) in diameter. Medium merino wool is between 20.6-22.5 µm, fine medium is between 19.6-20.5 µm, fine is between 18.6-19.5 µm, superfine is between 17.6-18.5 and ultra fine wool is between 12.5 to 16.9. Ultra fine wool is suitable for blending with other exclusive fibres such as Silk and Cashmere. Image File history File links Merino_penned_for_shearing. ...
Location of Lismore (red dot) Lismore is a town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Hamilton Highway 165 kilometres west of Melbourne. ...
Two wool samples of different staple lengths Staple is a term referring to fiber that comes in discrete and consistent lengths, measured in millimeters. ...
The Peppin Merino is a breed of Merino Sheep raised for its wool, mostly in Australia. ...
A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer), symbol µm, is an SI unit of length. ...
The word micron has the following meanings: A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer, symbol µm), that is, one millionth of a metre. ...
For other uses of this word, see Silk (disambiguation). ...
Cashmere wool is wool obtained from the Cashmere goat and is also known as Pashmina. ...
The term "merino" is widely employed in the textile industries with very varied meanings. Originally it was restricted to denote the wool of the merino sheep reared in Spain, but owing to the superiority of Australian and New Zealand wools the term now has broader use. In the dress-goods and knitting trades the term "merino" still implies an article made from the very best soft wool.
Regions of merino husbandry In Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the western United States where sheep are bred for their wool rather than their mutton, merino sheep dominate. In Australia, the merinos are crossed with Border Leicesters and other English long wool breeds to produce first cross prime lamb mothers and prime lamb wethers. The prime lamb mothers are crossed again with Poll Dorsets and other short wool breeds and the resultant second cross lambs slaughtered as prime lambs. Image File history File links Merino_shearing. ...
Location of Lismore (red dot) Lismore is a town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Hamilton Highway 165 kilometres west of Melbourne. ...
Mutton may refer to either: The meat of a sheep In parts of Asia, the meat of a goat Category: ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
History The merino is a productive animal developed by man. The genetic history of the merino is not a linear history of a gene pool selected over time for superior wool or fleece weights, but a history of outcrossing and the selection of material that is productive in the local environment. It is a history where genetic material from one era in the breed's development becomes the foundation material for further development in another era.
The Phoenicians introduced sheep from Asia Minor into North Africa, and the foundation flocks might have been introduced into Spain as late as the 12th century by the Beni-Merines, a tribe of Arabic Moors. In the 13 and 14 century genetic material from England was introduced [1], this influence was openly documented by Spanish writers at the time. Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon and Syria. ...
Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to...
Northern Africa (UN subregion) geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ...
Marinid was the Dynasty that replaced the Almohad Dynasty in Morocco in 1196. ...
Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. ...
Spain became noted for its fine wool (spinning count between 60s and 64s) and built up a fine wool monopoly during the 12th and 16th century, with wool commerce to Flanders and England being a source of income for Castile in the Late Middle Ages. Spinning count is a measure of fibre fineness and distribution developed by the English. ...
For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ...
Dante by Michelino The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th to 16th centuries (AD 1300–1500). ...
Most of the flocks known as cabanas or cavanas were owned by nobility or the church; the sheep grazed the Spanish southern plains in winter and the northern highlands in summer. The Mesta was an organisation of privileged sheep owners who developed the breed and controlled the migrations. Mesta is a river in Bulgaria and Greece, see Mesta (river). ...
The three great studs that founded most of the world's merino flocks were the Royal Escurial flocks, the Negretti and the Paula. The infantado, Montarcos and Aguires studs had an influence on the Vermont bloodlines.
Before the 18th century the export of merinos from Spain was a crime punishable with death. In the 18th century a new era began, small exportation of merinos from Spain and local sheep were used as the foundation of merino flocks in other countries. In 1723 some were exported to Sweden, but the first major consignment of Escurials was sent by Ferdinand VI of Spain to his cousin, Prince Xavier the Elector of Saxony, in 1765. Further exportation of Escurials to Saxony occurred in 1774, to Hungry in 1775 and to Prussia in 1786. Later in 1786 Louis XVI of France received 366 sheep selected from 10 different cavanas, these founded the stud at the Royal Farm at Rambouillet. The Rambouillet stud enjoyed some 'undisclosed' genetic development with some English long-wool genes contributing to the size and wool-type of the French sheep [2]. Though Emperor the Rambouillet stud had an enormous influence on the development of the Australian Merino. Ferdinand VI, (September 23, 1713 - August 10, 1759), king of Spain from 1746 until his death, second son of Philip V, founder of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty (as opposed to the French Bourbons), by his first marriage with Maria Louisa of Savoy, was born at Madrid on September 23 1713. ...
Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area 18,416 km² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1] - Density 231 /km...
Louis XVI, born Louis-Auguste de France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. ...
The Château de Rambouillet, which is the summer residence of the Presidents of France, is located in the town of Rambouillet, Yvelines département, France, 50 km (30 miles) southwest of Paris. ...
Sir Joseph Banks procured two rams and four ewes in 1787 by way of Portugal and in 1792 purchased 40 Negrettis for King George III, to found the royal flock at Kew. In 1808, 2000 Paulas were imported. Joseph Banks Sir Joseph Banks (February 13, 1743 - June 19, 1820) was the British naturalist and botanist on Cooks first great voyage (1768-1771) and some 75 species bear Banks name. ...
“George III†redirects here. ...
The King of Spain also gave some Escurials to the Dutch government in 1790; these thrived in the Dutch Cape Colony (South Africa). In 1797 Governor King, Colonel Patterson, Captain Waterhouse and Kent purchased sheep from the widow of Colonel Gordon, commander of the Dutch garrison in Cape Town. When Waterhouse landed in Sydney he sold his sheep to Captain John Macarthur, Samuel Marsden and Captain William Cox. John Macarthur (1766 – 11 April 1834[1]) was a soldier, entrepreneur, politician and pioneer of the Australian wool industry. ...
The Rev. ...
William Cox (born 19 December 1764 at Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England, died 15 March 1837) was an Australian pioneer. ...
In 1804 John Macarthur (who had been sent back from Australia to England following a duel with Colonel Patterson) brought seven rams and one ewe from the first dispersal sale of King George III stud. In 1805 Macarthur and the sheep returned to Australia, Macarthur to reunite with his wife Elizabeth who had been developing their flock in his absence. Macarthur is considered the father of the Australian Merino industry however in the long term his sheep had very little influence on the development of the Australian Merino. Elizabeth Macurthur: oil painting by an unknown artist; from the collection of the State Library of New South Wales Elizabeth Farm Elizabeth Macarthur (born 14 August 1766, died 9 February 1850) is generally acknowledged as being at least jointly responsible for founding the wool industry in Australia. ...
From 1765 the Germans in Saxony crossed the Spanish merino with the Saxon sheep [3] to developed a dense, fine type of merino (spinning count between 70s and 80s) adapted to its new environment. By 1802 the region had 4 million Saxon Merino Sheep, and was becoming the center for stud merino breeding, and German wool was the finest in the world.
In 1802, Colonel David Humphreys, United States Ambassador to Spain, initiated the Vermont strain into North America with an importation of 21 rams and 70 ewes from Portugal and a further importation of 100 infantado merinos in 1808. The British embargo on wool and wool clothing exports to the USA prior to the 1812 British/USA war led to a "Merino Craze" with William Jarvis of the Diplomatic Corps importing at least 3500 [4] sheep between 1809 to 1811 through Portugal. David Humphreys (July 10, 1752 - February 21, 1818) was a Revolutionary War soldier and aide to George Washington. ...
This article is about the U.S. – U.K. war. ...
The Napoleonic wars (1793-1813) almost destroyed the Spanish Merino industry. The old cavanas were dispersed or slaughtered. From 1810 onwards the Merino scene shifted to Germany, the United States and Australia. Between 1810 and 1840 Australia was engaged in a wool trade war with Germany while importing German sheep. By 1840 Australia had won the war mainly because of Germany's preoccupation with fineness. Combatants Austria[1] Portugal Prussia[1] Russia[2] Sicily Spain[3] Sweden United Kingdom[4] French Empire Holland Italy Naples [5] Duchy of Warsaw Bavaria[6] Saxony[7] Denmark-Norway [8] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack von Leiberich João Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun Gebhard von...
By 1801 Australia had 33,818 sheep. Macarthur pioneered the introduction of Saxon Merinos with importation from the Electoral flock in 1812. The first Australian wool boom occurred in 1813 when the Great Dividing Range was crossed. By 1830 the Australian sheep population was nearly 2 million. In 1823, at the first sheep show held in Australia, a gold medal was awarded to W. Riley ('Raby') for importing the most Saxons, W. Riley also imported Cashmere Goats into Australia. The Great Divide runs around the entire eastern and south-eastern edge of Australia The Great Dividing Range, also known as the Eastern Highlands, is Australias most substantial mountain range. ...
After 25 years of selective breeding, the Australian Cashmere Goat has evolved into a distinctive breed of goat, far removed from its bush goat origins. ...
In 1841, John Murray at Mt Crawford in South Australia established a flock of Camden-blood ewes mated to Tasmanian rams. To broaden the wool and give the animals some size it is thought some English Leicester blood was introduced. The resultant sheep were the foundation of many South Australian strong wool studs. English Leicester are a British breed of sheep. ...
The Peppin brothers took a different approach to producing a hardier, longer stapled, broader wool sheep. After purchasing Wanganella Station in the Riverina they selected 200 station bred ewes that thrived under local conditions and purchased 100 south Australian ewes bred at Cannally that were sired by an imported Rambouillet ram. The Peppin brothers mainly used Saxon and Rambouillet rams importing four Rambouillet rams in 1860. One of these, 'Emperor,' cut an 11.4 kg (5.1Kg clean) fleece. They ran some Lincoln ewes but their introduction into the flock is undocumented. The Riverina is a prosperous agricultural region of south-western New South Wales (NSW), Australia. ...
The Lincoln is a breed of sheep from England that has been significantly altered by selective breeding in the later part of the eighteenth century. ...
In the 1880s, Vermont rams were imported into Australia from the USA, since many Australian studmen believed these sheep would improve wool cuts, their use spread rapidly. Unfortunately the fleece weight was high but the clean yield low, the greater grease content increased the risk of fly strike, they had lower uneven wool quality, and lower lambing percentages. Their introduction had a devastating effect on many famous fine-wool studs.
In 1889, while Australian Stud's where being devastated by the imported Vermont rams several USA merino breeders formed the Rambouillet Association to prevent the destruction of the Rambouillet line in the USA. It has been estimated that today 50% of the sheep on the USA western ranges are of Rambouillet blood. [4] The Rambouillet is also known as the Rambouillet Merino or the French Merino. ...
The federation drought ( 1901-1903 ) reduced the number of Australian sheep from 72 to 53 million and ended the Vermont era with the Peppin and Murray blood strain becoming dominant in the pastoral and wheat zones of Australia.
In Australia today, a few Saxon fine wool merino studs exist in the high rainfall areas (17 micron to 20 micron), in the pastoral and Agriculture country Peppins and Collinsville (21 to 24 micron) are popular. In the drier areas one finds the Collinsville (21 to 24 micron) strains. The development of the merino is entering a new phase, objective fleece measurement and estimated breeding values are now being used to identify exceptional animals. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer is being used to accelerated the spread of their genes. The result is a wide out crossing between all major strains. The word micron has the following meanings: A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer, symbol µm), that is, one millionth of a metre. ...
The Peppin Merino is a breed of Merino Sheep raised for its wool, mostly in Australia. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF) whereby one or several embryos are placed into the uterus of the female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. ...
Animal welfare developments Mulesing of Merino sheep is a common practice in Australia, and has been attacked by animal rights and animal welfare activists with PETA recently running a campaign against the practice. The PETA campaign targeted U.S. consumers by using graphic billboards in New York City. PETA threatened U.S. manufacturers with television advertisements showing their companies' support of mulesing. Fashion retailers Abercrombie & Fitch Co., Gap Inc and Nordstrom and George (UK) stopped stocking Merino wool products. New strains of merinos that don't require mulesing are being promoted in South Australia. 'Thin-skinned' sheep from western Victoria are also being promoted as a solution. [5] Mulesing is the surgical removal of strips of wool-bearing wrinkle skin from around the tail of a sheep. ...
For the album by Moby, see Animal Rights (album). ...
Animal welfare is the viewpoint that animals, especially those under human care, should not suffer unnecessarily, including where the animals are used for food, work, companionship, or research. ...
Peta can refer to: Peta (prefix), a prefix meaning times 1015 in the International System of Units People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), an animal-rights organization People Eating Tasty Animals, a parody of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Peta, Greece, a town in the prefecture...
Mulesing is the surgical removal of strips of wool-bearing wrinkle skin from around the tail of a sheep. ...
Abercrombie & Fitch male model in a 2005 ad Abercrombie & Fitch is a specialty retailer encompassing four concepts: Abercrombie & Fitch, abercrombie (Abercrombie Kids), Hollister Co. ...
Gap Inc. ...
Mulesing is the surgical removal of strips of wool-bearing wrinkle skin from around the tail of a sheep. ...
Etymology There are two proposed origins[6] for the Spanish word: - Merino may be an adaptation to the sheep of the name of a Castilian official inspector (merino) over a merindad, who may have also inspected sheep pastures. This word is from the medieval Latin majorinus, a steward or head official of a village, from major, meaning great.
- Merino may from the name of a Berber tribe, the Marini (or in Castilian, Benimerines), which intervened in the Iberian peninsula during the 12th and 13th centuries.
Coat of arms Kingdom of Castile in the 15th century. ...
Merindad is a Castilian or Spanish Medieval administrative term that refers to a territorial division smaller than a province but larger than a municipality. ...
Marinid was the Dynasty that replaced the Almohad Dynasty in Morocco in 1196. ...
This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ...
The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ...
See also The Booroola is a merino strain that has a high rate of multiple births . ...
Churros are a breed of sheep brought by Spaniards during their exploration of North America, and were apparently traded to the Navajo around the 1600s. ...
“Sheep†redirects here. ...
A guard llama is typically a single llama used in farming to protect other species from predators. ...
The Peppin Merino is a breed of Merino Sheep raised for its wool, mostly in Australia. ...
In Australian Merinos a single gene with three possible alleles control horn inheritance [1]. History The Poll Merino was developed in Australia. ...
The Rambouillet is also known as the Rambouillet Merino or the French Merino. ...
Medium fine Merino shearing Lismore, Victoria Sheep shearing, typically just called shearing, is the process by which the woolen fleece of a sheep is removed. ...
Long and short hair wool at the South Central Family Farm Research Center in Boonesville, Arizona Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals and people of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats and rabbits and oxes...
References - ^ "Wool". The New American Cyclopaedia 16. (1858). D. Appleton and Company. 538. Retrieved on 2006-09-30.
- ^ Paterson, Mark (1990). National Merino Review. West Perth, Australia: Farmgate Press, 12-17. ISSN 1033-5811.
- ^ "Agriculture". Icenographic Encyclopedia of Science 4. (1860). D. Appleton and Company. 731. Retrieved on 2006-09-30.
- ^ a b Ross, C.V. (1989). Sheep production and Management. Engleworrd Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 26-27. ISBN 0-13-808510-2.
- ^ Scientists search for bare-bum sheep gene. Australian Broadcaster commission. Retrieved on 2008-10-06.
- ^ Merino in Diccionario Crítico Etimológico Castellano e Hispánico, vol. IV, eds. Joan Corominas & José A. Pascual, Gredos, Madrid, 1989. ISBN 84-249-0066-9
- Cottle, D.J. (1991). Australian Sheep and Wool Handbook. Melbourne, Australia: Inkata Press, 20-23. ISBN 0-909605-60-2.
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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
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