NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Messier 82

Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034 or the Cigar Galaxy) is a starburst galaxy about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. In astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time for which celestial coordinates or orbital elements are specified. ... The J2000. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ursa Major (Ursa Maior in Latin) is a constellation visible throughout the year in the northern hemisphere. ... Right ascension (RA; symbol Î±: Greek letter alpha) is the astronomical term for one of the two coordinates of a point on the celestial sphere when using the equatorial coordinate system. ... In astronomy, declination (dec) is one of the two coordinates of the equatorial coordinate system, the other being either right ascension or hour angle. ... Redshift of spectral lines in the optical spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies (right), as compared to that of the Sun (left). ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words Ï‡Î¯Î»Î¹Î± (khilia) = thousand and Î¼ÎÏ„ÏÎ¿ (metro) = count/measure). ... Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... (Redirected from 1 E23 m) Categories: Orders of magnitude (length) ... A light-year, symbol ly, is the distance light travels in one year: exactly 9. ... Stellar parallax motion The parsec (symbol pc) is a unit of length used in astronomy. ... Astronomers classify galaxies based on their overall shape (elliptical, spiral or barred spiral) and further by the specific properties of the individual galaxy (for example degree of ellipse, number of spirals or definition of bar). ... // Headline text HEY!! HOW ARE YOU ALL?? Its nice of you to come read this page. ... The New General Catalogue (NGC) is the most well-known catalogue of deep sky objects in amateur astronomy. ... The Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies (UGC) is a catalogue of 12921 galaxies visible from the northern hemisphere. ... The Antennae Galaxies (Arp 244) The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies (APG, majoraly called Arp galaxies) is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp. ... The Principal Galaxies Catalogue (PGC) is an astronomical catalogue that contains all available primary information for each of the known galaxies: morphological type, major and minor axes, magnitude, radial velocity and position angle. ... A starburst galaxy is a galaxy in the process of an intense burst of star formation, often as a result of a collision or close encounter between two galaxies. ... A light-year, symbol ly, is the distance light travels in one year: exactly 9. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ursa Major (Ursa Maior in Latin) is a constellation visible throughout the year in the northern hemisphere. ...

Forming a striking pair in small telescopes with nearby M81, M82 is being physically affected by its bigger neighbor. Tidal forces caused by gravity have deformed this galaxy, a process that started roughly 100 million years ago. This interaction has caused star formation to increase 10 fold compared to "normal" galaxies. Ignoring any difference in their respective distances from us, the centers of M81 and M82 are about 130,000 light-years apart.^[3] The actual separation is 300⁺³⁰⁰₋₂₀₀ kly.^[4]^[2] Image File history File links M82(2). ... Image File history File links M82(2). ... Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bodes Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. ... Gravity is a force of attraction that acts between bodies that have mass. ...

The Chandra X-ray Observatory detected fluctuating X-ray emissions from a location approximately 600 light-years away from the center of M82. Astronomers have postulated that this fluctuating emission comes from the first known intermediate-mass black hole, of roughly 200 to 5000 solar masses.^[5] For other uses, see Chandra (disambiguation). ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... An Intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) is a black hole whose mass is significantly more than stellar black holes (a few tens of the mass of Sun) yet far less than supermassive black holes (a few millions of the mass of Sun). ... In astronomy, the solar mass is a unit of mass used to express the mass of stars and larger objects such as galaxies. ...

Structure

In 2005, two symmetric spiral arms were discovered in the near-infrared (NIR) images of M82. The arms were detected by subtracting an axisymmetric exponential disk from the NIR images. These arms emanate from the ends of the NIR bar and can be followed for the length of 3 disc scales. Even though the arms were detected in the NIR images, they are bluer than the disk. Assuming that the northern part of M82 is nearer to us, which most literature assumes, the observed sense of rotation implies trailing arms. Due to M82's high disk surface brightness, nearly edge-on orientation with respect to us, and the presence of a complex network of dusty filaments in optical images, the arms were not previously detected.^[6] Image File history File links M82s. ... Image File history File links M82s. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A spiral galaxy presents a face-on view of its spiral arms. ... Image of a small dog taken in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation. ... Sphere symmetry group o. ... NGC 1300, viewed nearly face-on. ... The most common form of galxy is the butt plug of doom A disc is a component of disc galaxies, such as spiral galaxies, or lenticular galaxies. ... Surface brightness is a concept used in astronomy when describing extended astronomical objects such as galaxies and nebulae. ...

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References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 3034. Retrieved on 2006-10-27.
^ ^a ^b Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics 49 (1): 3-18.
^ Declination separation of 36′.87 and Right Ascension separation of 9′.5 gives via Pythagorean theorem a visual separation of 38′.07; Average distance of 11.65 Mly × sin(38′.07) = 130,000 ly visual separation.
^ Separation = sqrt(D_M81² + D_M82² - 2 D_M81 D_M82 Cos(38′.07)) assuming the error direction is about the same for both objects.
^ Patruno, A.; Portegies Zwart, S.; Dewi, J.; Hopman, C. (2006). "The ultraluminous X-ray source in M82: an intermediate-mass black hole with a giant companion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 370 (1): L6-L9.
^ Mayya, Y. D.; Carrasco, L.; Luna, A. (2005). "The Discovery of Spiral Arms in the Starburst Galaxy M82". The Astrophysical Journal 628 (1): L33-L36.

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle. ...

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