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Metallizing is the general name for the technique of coating metal on the surface of non-metallic objects. Because a non-metallic object tends to be a poor electrical conductor, the object's surface must be made conductive before plating can be performed. This article is about metallic materials. ...
In science and engineering, conductors are materials that contain movable charges of electricity. ...
Techniques for metallization started as early as mirror making. In 1835, Justus von Liebig discovered the process of coating a glass surface with metallic silver, making the glass mirror one of the earliest items being metallized. Plating other non-metallic objects grew rapidly with introduction of ABS plastic. The plastic part is first etched chemically by a suitable process, such as dipping in a hot chromic acid-sulfuric acid mixture. The etched surface is sensitised and activated by first dipping in tin(II) chloride solution, then palladium chloride solution. The processed surface is then coated with electroless copper or nickel before further plating. This process gives useful (about 1 to 6 kgf/cm or 10 to 60 N/cm or 5 to 35 lbf/in) adhesion force, but is much weaker than actual metal-to-metal adhesion strength. A mirror, reflecting a vase. ...
| Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Freiherr Justus von Liebig (May 12, 1803 in Darmstadt, Germany – April 18, 1873 in Munich, Germany) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. ...
Monomers in ABS polymer Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or ABS, (chemical formula (C8H8· C4H6·C3H3N)n is a common thermoplastic used to make light, rigid, molded products such as piping, golf club heads (used for its good shock absorbance), automotive body parts, wheel covers, enclosures, protective head gear, and toys including...
In chemistry, chromic acid is a chromium (Cr) compound, yet to be isolated, with the formula H2CrO4. ...
R-phrases S-phrases , , , Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Related strong acids Selenic acid Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Related compounds Hydrogen sulfide Sulfurous acid Peroxymonosulfuric acid Sulfur trioxide Oleum Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...
Tin(II) chloride (stannous chloride) is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. ...
Palladium(II) chloride, also known as palladium dichloride, is a common starting material in palladium chemistry. ...
The unit kilogram-force (kgf, often just kg) or kilopond (kp) is defined as the force exerted by one kilogram of mass in standard Earth gravity. ...
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...
For other uses, see Newton (disambiguation). ...
The pound-force is a non-SI unit of force or weight (properly abbreviated lbf or lbf). The pound-force is equal to a mass of one pound multiplied by the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth (which is defined as exactly 9. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Vacuum metallizing involves heating the coating metal to its boiling point in a vacuum chamber, then letting condensation deposit the metal on the substrate's surface. Resistance heating, electron beam, or plasma heating is used to vaporize the coating metal. A heating element converts electricity into heat through the process of Joule heating. ...
A charged particle beam is a group of electrically charged particles that have approximately the same kinetic energy and move in approximately the same direction. ...
For other uses, see Plasma. ...
See also Thin-film deposition is any technique for depositing a thin film of material onto a substrate or onto previously deposited layers. ...
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