NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Metalloid

Metalloid is a term used in chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties, nearly every element in the periodic table can be termed either a metal or a nonmetal - however a few elements with intermediate properties are referred to as metalloids. (In Greek metallon = metal and eidos = sort) For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... The periodic table of the chemical elements A chemical element, or element, is a type of atom that is defined by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus. ... The Periodic Table redirects here. ... This article is about metallic materials. ... Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionization and bonding properties. ...

There is no rigorous definition of the term, however the following properties are usually considered characteristic of metalloids:

The concepts of metalloid and semiconductor should not be confused. Metalloid refers to the properties of certain elements in relation to the periodic table. Semiconductor refers to the physical properties of materials (including alloys, compounds) and there is only partial overlap between the two. In chemistry, an amphoteric substance is one that can react as either an acid or base. ... A semiconductor is a solid whose electrical conductivity is in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator, and can be controlled over a wide range, either permanently or dynamically. ... Together with the metals and nonmetals, the metalloids (in Greek metallon = metal and eidos = sort - also called semimetals) form one of the three categories of chemical elements as classified by ionization and bonding properties. ...

Some allotropes of elements exhibit more pronounced metal, metalloid or non-metal behavior than others. For example, for the element carbon, its diamond allotrope is clearly non-metallic, however the graphite allotrope displays limited electric conductivity more characteristic of a metalloid. Phosphorus, tin, selenium and bismuth also have allotropes which display borderline behavior. General Name, Symbol, Number boron, B, 5 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 13, 2, p Appearance black/brown Standard atomic weight 10. ... Not to be confused with Silicone. ... General Name, Symbol, Number germanium, Ge, 32 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 4, p Appearance grayish white Standard atomic weight 72. ... General Name, Symbol, Number arsenic, As, 33 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 4, p Appearance metallic gray Standard atomic weight 74. ... This article is about the element. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tellurium, Te, 52 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 16, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Standard atomic weight 127. ... General Name, Symbol, Number polonium, Po, 84 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 16, 6, p Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight (209) gÂ·molâˆ’1 Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Allotropy (Gr. ... For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ... This article is about the mineral. ... For other uses, see Graphite (disambiguation). ... General Name, symbol, number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Standard atomic weight 30. ... This article is about the metallic chemical element. ... For other uses, see Selenium (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number bismuth, Bi, 83 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 15, 6, p Appearance lustrous reddish white Atomic mass 208. ...

In the standard layout of the periodic table, metalloids occur along the diagonal line through the p block from boron to astatine. Elements to the upper right of this line display increasing nonmetallic behaviour; elements to the lower left display increasing metallic behaviour. This line is called the "stair-step" or "staircase." The poor metals are to the left and down and the nonmetals are to the right and up. In addition, the halogens are found at the right. The Periodic Table redirects here. ... The p-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of the last six groups minus helium (which is located in the s-block). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionization and bonding properties. ... This article is about the chemical series. ...

The Boron group is the series of elements in group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The group 15 elements(a. ... The chalcogens (with the ch pronounced with a hard c as in chemistry) are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ... This article is about the chemical series. ...

References

Categories: Periodic table | Metalloids The Periodic Table redirects here. ... This is a standard display of the periodic table of the elements. ... The alternative table is a standard periodic table rotated counterclockwise and then mirrored across the vertical axis, hence like in many writing systems, the lower groups are to the left and the number increases to the right. ... Category: ... The Detailed Table is a smaller version of the Huge Table. ... The text-only table is a version of the Huge Table designed for printing atomic mass data. ... This large version of the periodic table contains the symbol, name, atomic number, and standard atomic weight of each element. ... Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those in green are gases at STP; those in black are solid at STP; those in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ... Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those in green are gases at STP; those in black are solid at STP; those in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ... ... This is a version of the periodic table of the elements that places all elements in the same rows. ... An extended periodic table was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. ... electron numbers indicate subshells that are filled to their maximum. ... Categories: ... Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom or molecule to attract electrons in the context of a chemical bond. ... Alternative periodic tables are chemical element displays different from the well known Mendeleev periodic table. ... This is a list of chemical elements, sorted by name and color coded according to type of element. ... // This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the current signification used to identify the chemical elements as recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, as well as proposed and historical signs. ... A table of chemical elements ordered by atomic number and color coded according to type of element. ... This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by boiling point measured at normal pressure. ... This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by melting point measured at normal pressure. ... This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by density measured at standard temperature and pressure. ... Hydrogen = 1 List of Elements in Atomic Number Order. ... A group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ... The alkali metals are a series of elements comprising Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ... The alkaline earth metals are a series of elements comprising Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). ... A Group 3 element is an element in periodic table group 3 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: scandium (21) yttrium (39) lanthanum (57) - lutetium (71) actinium (89) - lawrencium (103) All of these elements are classed in Group 3 because their outer shell holds three electrons. ... A Group 4 element is an element in periodic table group 4 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: titanium (22) zirconium (40) hafnium (72) rutherfordium (104) All of these elements are classed in Group 4 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 5 element is the series of elements in group 5 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and dubnium (Db). ... The group 6 in the periodic table consists of the elements chromium (24) molybdenum (42) tungsten (74) seaborgium (106) Group 6 is the new IUPAC name for this group, the old style name was group VIA in the old European system or group VIB in the old US system. ... A Group 7 element is an element in periodic table group 7 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: manganese (25) technetium (43) rhenium (75) bohrium (107) All of these elements are classed in Group 7 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 8 element is an element in periodic table group 8 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: Iron (26) Ruthenium (44) Osmium (76) Hassium (108) All of these elements are classed in Group 8 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... The Group 9 elements are: Cobalt (27) Rhodium (45) Iridium (77) Meitnerium (109) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Group 10 elements are: Nickel (28) Palladium (46) Platinum (78) Darmstadtium (110) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... A Group 11 element is one in the series of elements in group 11 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, consisting of transition metals which are the traditional coinage metals of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). ... The Group 12 elements are: Zinc (30) Cadmium (48) Mercury (80) Ununbium (112) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid but mercury is liquid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Boron group is the series of elements in group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The Nitrogen group elements (a. ... The chalcogens (with the ch pronounced with a hard c as in chemistry) are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ... This article is about the chemical series. ... This article is about the chemical series. ... In the periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table. ... A period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides. ... A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 8 element is one of the chemical elements in the eighth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... The alkali metals are a series of elements comprising Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ... The alkaline earth metals are a series of elements comprising Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). ... The lanthanide series comprises the 15 elements from lanthanum to lutetium on the periodic table, with atomic numbers 57 through 71. ... The actinide (or actinoid) series encompasses the 15 chemical elements that lie between actinium and lawrencium on the periodic table, with atomic numbers 89 - 103[1]. The actinide series is named after actinium. ... In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionization and bonding properties. ... This article is about the chemical series. ... This article is about the chemical series. ... A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups. ... The s-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the first two groups: the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, plus hydrogen. ... The p-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the last six groups. ... D Block is a rap group based in Yonkers, New York. ... The f-block of the periodic table of elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy f-orbitals. ... The g-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy g-orbitals. ...

References GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

References