WikiProject Metalworking:

Metalworking topics:   Casting | CNC | Cutting machines | Cutting tools | Drilling and threading | Fabrication | Finishing | Grinding | Jewellery | Lathes | Machining | Machine tooling | Measuring | Metalworking | Hand tools | Metallurgy | Milling | Occupations | Press tools | Smithing | Terminology | Welding Image File history File links Blacksmith-hammer-anvil-50x50. ... Casting is a process by which a material is introduced into a mold while it is liquid, allowed to solidify in the shape inside the mold, and then removed producing a fabricated object, part, or casing. ... A CNC Turning Center The abbreviation CNC stands for Computer(ized) Numerical(ly) Control(led), and refers specifically to the computer control of machine tools for the purpose of (repeatedly) manufacturing complex parts in metal as well as other materials, using a program written in a notation conforming to the... Drilling is the process of using a drill bit in a drill to produce holes. ... A typical steel fabrication shop Fabrication is an industrial term generally applied to the building of metal machines and structures. ... Rotating abrasive wheel on a bench grinder. ... Jump to: navigation, search Jewellery (Jewelry in American spelling); consists of ornamental devices worn by persons, typically made with gems and precious metals. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about a lathe as a tool. ... A lathe is a common tool used in machining. ... A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by the selective removal of metal. ... Jump to: navigation, search Metalworking hand tools are hand tools that are used in the metalworking field. ... Jump to: navigation, search Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. ... Jump to: navigation, search A Milling machine is a power-driven machine used for the complex shaping of metal (or possibly other materials) parts. ... Jump to: navigation, search Power press with a fixed barrier guard A press, or a machine press is a tool used to work metal (typically steel) by changing its shape and internal structure. ... A smith or metalsmith is a person involved in the shaping of metal objects. ... Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ...

Turned chess pieces

Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures. The term covers a wide range of work from large ships, bridges and oil refineries to delicate jewellery. It therefore includes a correspondingly wide range of skills and the use of many different types of tools. Jump to: navigation, search Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. ... A modern hammer is directly descended from ancient hand tools A tool is a device that provides a mechanical or mental advantage in accomplishing a task. ...

Milling

Main article: Milling machine

A manual milling machine with digital readouts

Milling is generally done on a milling machine, which is a power-driven machine used for the complex shaping of metal (or possibly other materials) parts, by removing uneeded material to form the final shape. Its basic form is that of a cutter that rotates about the spindle axis (like a drill), and a worktable that can move in multiple directions (usually three dimensions [x,y,z axes] relative to the workpiece, whereas a drill can only move in one dimension [z axis] while cutting). The motion across the surface of the workpiece is usually accomplished by moving the table on which the workpiece is mounted, in the x and y directions. Milling machines may be operated manually or under computer numerical control (CNC), and can perform a vast number of complex operations, such as slot cutting, planing, drilling, rebating, routing, etc. Jump to: navigation, search A Milling machine is a power-driven machine used for the complex shaping of metal (or possibly other materials) parts. ... Download high resolution version (1782x1710, 1135 KB)Drill Press (JET Milling/Drilling machine outfitted with Newall C80 digital readout and Microsyn linear encoders) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (1782x1710, 1135 KB)Drill Press (JET Milling/Drilling machine outfitted with Newall C80 digital readout and Microsyn linear encoders) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Jump to: navigation, search A Milling machine is a power-driven machine used for the complex shaping of metal (or possibly other materials) parts. ... Jump to: navigation, search Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. ... Jump to: navigation, search Milling cutters are cutting tools used in milling machines or machining centres. ... // Hand tools A bit and brace, a hand-powered drill. ... A CNC Turning Center The abbreviation CNC stands for Computer(ized) Numerical(ly) Control(led), and refers specifically to the computer control of machine tools for the purpose of (repeatedly) manufacturing complex parts in metal as well as other materials, using a program written in a notation conforming to the...

Turning

Main article: Lathe

Conventional metalworking lathe

A lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material so that when abrasive, cutting, or deformation tools are applied to the workpiece, it can be shaped to produce an object which has rotational symmetry about an axis of rotation. Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include candlestick holders, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, crankshafts or camshafts. Jump to: navigation, search This article is about a lathe as a tool. ... Conventional lathe. ... Conventional lathe. ... A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by the selective removal of metal. ... Two examples of the use of knurling in hand tools. ... In physics and mathematics, rotational symmetry is the invariance of an object or a system of equations under a set of rotations - for example, all rotations, or rotations by certain angles, about a particular axis of rotation, or the SO(3) transformations of all possible rotations in three-dimensional space. ... The axis of rotation of a rotating body is a line such that the distance between any point on the line and any point of the body remains constant under the rotation. ... This article should be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Jump to: navigation, search Furniture is the collective term for the movable objects which support the human body (seating furniture and beds), provide storage, and hold objects on horizontal surfaces above the ground. ... For other meanings of the word bowl, see Bowl. ... In baseball, a bat is a round, smooth stick used in hitting the ball after the ball is thrown by the pitcher. ... Crankshaft Continental engine marine crankshafts, 1942 Crankshaft is also the name of a comic strip about an old, curmudgeonly bus driver. ... The camshaft is an apparatus used in piston engines to operate poppet valves. ...

The material may be held in place by a chuck or worked between one or two centers of which at least one can be moved horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths. In a metalworking lathe, metal is removed from the workpiece using a hardened cutting tool which is usually fixed to a solid moveable mounting called the "toolpost", this arrangement is then moved around the workpiece using handwheels and/or computer controlled motors. A Chuck is a specialised type of clamp used to hold rotating tools or materials. ... Jump to: navigation, search A metal lathe is a rigid machine tool designed to remove material from a workpiece, through the action of a cutting tool. ... A tool bit generally refers to a plain High Speed Steel (HSS) tool. ...

Marking out

Main article: Marking out

A combination square used for transfering designs.

Marking out is the process of transferring a design or pattern to a workpiece and is the first step in the handcraft of metalworking. It is performed in many industries or hobbies although in the repetition industries the need to mark out every individual piece is eliminated. Marking out is a moment of enjoying professional wrestling for what it is rather than analyzing its staged nature, and can be a sought-after experience for fans whose insider knowledge can make them jaded toward its entertainment aspect. ... A combination square is a woodworking tool used for multiple purposes. ... Design as a process can take many forms depending on the object being designed and the individual or individuals participating. ... Jump to: navigation, search For the martial arts related meaning of Pattern see Tae Kwon Do and Kata (Karate). ...

The actual method is unique for each field of expertise, some common areas and their needs are listed below as examples of the variation in an otherwise simple process.

In the metal trades area, marking out consists of transferring the engineers plan to the workpiece in preparation for the next step, machining or manufacture. An example of a technical drawing with orthographic and isometric view. ...

Drilling and threading

Main article: Drilling and threading

Three different types and sizes of taps

Drilling is the process of using a drill bit in a drill to produce holes. Under normal usage, swarf is carried up and away from the tip of the drill bit by the fluting. The continued production of chips from the cutting edges pushes the older chips outwards from the hole. This continues until the chips pack too tightly, either because of deeper than normal holes or insufficient backing off (removing the drill slightly [breaking the chip] or totally from the hole [clearing the bit] while drilling). Lubricants (or coolants) (i.e. cutting fluid) are sometimes used to ease this problem and to prolong the tools life by cooling, lubricating the tip and improving chip flow. Drilling is the process of using a drill bit in a drill to produce holes. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1452x1032, 252 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1452x1032, 252 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ... Drill bits are the cutters of drill tools. ... // Hand tools A bit and brace, a hand-powered drill. ... Swarf is the debris or waste resulting from metalworking operations. ... Drill bits are the cutters of drill tools. ... Cutting fluid or coolant is liquid used to cool and lubricate the cutting edges of machine tools and the pieces they are shaping. ...

Taps and dies are tools commonly used for the cutting of screw threads in metal parts. A tap is used to cut a female thread on the inside surface of a predrilled hole, while a die cuts a male thread on a preformed cylindrical rod. Taps and dies are tools commonly used in metalworking for the cutting of screw threads in metal parts. ... A screw thread is a system used to turn rotational movement into linear movement with a geometric form similar to an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. ... Jump to: navigation, search Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. ...

Drill | Drill bit | Drill bit shank | Drill bit sizes | Drilling| Pin chuck| Taps and dies | Tap wrench // Hand tools A bit and brace, a hand-powered drill. ... Drill bits are the cutters of drill tools. ... The shank is the part of a drill bit grasped by the chuck of a drill. ... Drill bits are the cutting tools of drilling machines. ... An electric drill A drill is a tool with a rotary drill bit used to bore holes through material. ... Two pin chucks. ... Taps and dies are tools commonly used in metalworking for the cutting of screw threads in metal parts. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

Welding

Main article: Welding

Arc welding

Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, but sometimes pressure is used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld. This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involves melting a lower-melting-point material between the workpieces to form a bond between them. Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ... Download high resolution version (1960x2213, 3402 KB) Retreived from [1] on March 20, 2005, by Spangineer. ... Download high resolution version (1960x2213, 3402 KB) Retreived from [1] on March 20, 2005, by Spangineer. ... A typical steel fabrication shop Fabrication is an industrial term generally applied to the building of metal machines and structures. ... Jump to: navigation, search Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. ... Jump to: navigation, search Most thermoplastics are high molecular weight polymer chains, mostly joined through weak dispersion forces and more rarely dipole-dipole interactions. ... Coalescence is the process by which two or more droplets (or bubbles) merge during contact to form a single daughter droplet (or bubble). ... Physics In physics, melting is the process of heating a solid substance to a point (called melting point) where it turns liquid. ... Jump to: navigation, search Pressure (symbol: p) is defined as the magnitude of the normal force divided by the area over which the normal force acts. ... Jump to: navigation, search A red-hot iron rod cooling after being worked by a blacksmith. ... Jump to: navigation, search (De)soldering a contact from a wire. ... Brazing is a joining process whereby a non-ferrous filler metal and an alloy are heated to melting temperature (above 450°C / 800°F) and distributed between two or more close-fitting parts by capillary action. ...

Many different energy sources can be used for welding, including a gas flame, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound. While often an industrial process, welding can be done in many different environments, including open air, underwater and in space. Regardless of location, however, welding remains dangerous, and precautions must be taken to avoid burns, electric shock, poisonous fumes, and overexposure to ultraviolet light. Jump to: navigation, search A large bonfire Fire is a form of combustion. ... An electric arc can melt calcium oxide. ... Jump to: navigation, search The range of sizes in which lasers exist is immense, extending from microscopic diode lasers (top) to football field sized neodymium glass lasers (bottom) used for inertial confinement fusion. ... Jump to: navigation, search Properties The electron is a fundamental subatomic particle which carries a negative electric charge. ... Jump to: navigation, search In physics, friction is the non-conservative resistive force that occurs when two surfaces travel along each other when forced together. ... Jump to: navigation, search Ultrasound is sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing, approximately 20 kilohertz. ... Underwater welding Underwater welding refers to a number of distinct welding processes that are performed underwater. ... Jump to: navigation, search Attempting to understand the nature of space has always been a prime occupation for philosophers and scientists. ... Sign warning of possible electric shock hazard An electric shock may occur upon contact of a human or animal body with electricity. ... Note: Ultraviolet is also the name of a 1998 UK television miniseries about vampires. ...

Hand fabrication

Main article: Metalworking hand tools

Three different engineering hand scrapers

A wide variety of hand and small power tools are often used for metalworking, and an experienced machinist can fabricate almost any part using only hand tools, although it may not be as efficient (time wise) as with advanced machinery. Many types of hand tools are used, including cutting and scraping tools to remove metal, impact tools to reshape metal, and a wide variety of tools for marking, positioning, or otherwise assisting the fabrication process. Download high resolution version (1941x1047, 366 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ... Download high resolution version (1941x1047, 366 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ... Three different engineering hand scrapers A hand scraper is a single-edged tool used to scrape metal from a surface. ... A machinist is a tradesperson who specializes in making things out of metal or other solid material. ...

Ball-peen hammer | Combination square | Drift pin | File (metalwork) | File (tool) | Hammer | Hand scraper | Machinist square | Magnetic base | Pliers | Power tool | Punch | Punches | Rotary tool | Scriber | Tongs | Tool | Vise | Workbench | Wrench A 380 mm (15 in) ball-peen hammer. ... A combination square is a woodworking tool used for multiple purposes. ... In metalworking, a drift pin (or simply drift) is the name for several kinds of tools used for enlarging holes, or aligning holes prior to bolting or riveting metal parts together. ... A File (or Hand-File) is a metalworking hand tool used to shape material by abrasion. ... Detail of a double-cut flat file A file is a hand tool consisting of a steel shaft whose surface is cut with sharp parallel ridges made by a chisel before the file is hardened. ... A claw hammer A hammer is a tool meant to deliver blows to a target, causing it to move or deform. ... Three different engineering hand scrapers A hand scraper is a single-edged tool used to scrape metal from a surface. ... Two typical engineers squares A machinist square or engineers square is the metalworkers equivalent of a try square. ... Magnetic base as used in the engineering metaltrades. ... Jump to: navigation, search Needle nose pliers Pliers are hand tools primarily for gripping that use leverage There are numerous different jaw configurations to grip, turn, pull, or crimp a variety of things. ... Jump to: navigation, search A power tool is a tool with a motor. ... Center A center punch is typically used as an aid to drilling operations; a drill, when brought into contact with a flat surface, will have a tencancy to wander on the surface until it gains sufficient purchase to start cutting a hole. ... A handheld power tool with a variety of rotating accessory bits and attachments that can be used for cutting, carving, sanding, polishing and many other applications. ... An assortment of metal working scribers Scribers are hand tools used in the metal trades to mark lines on workpieces prior to machining. ... Tongs are gripping and lifting tools, of which there are many forms adapted to their specific use. ... A modern hammer is directly descended from ancient hand tools A tool is a device that provides a mechanical or mental advantage in accomplishing a task. ... A vise (or vice) is a mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a workpiece to allow work to be performed on it with other tools, such as saws, planes, drills, mills, screwdrivers, sandpaper, Without qualification, vise usually refers to a bench vise with flat, parallel jaws, attached to... AmigaOS is the default native operating system of the Amiga and AmigaOne personal computers. ... Jump to: navigation, search A wrench or spanner is a tool used to turn bolts, nuts or other hard-to-turn items. ...

Grinding

Flick grinder with magnetic chuck

Grinding uses an abrasive process to remove material from the workpiece. A grinding machine is a machine tool used for producing very fine finishes or making very light cuts, using an abrasive wheel as the cutting device. This wheel can be made up of various sizes and types of stones, diamonds or of inorganic materials. An abrasive is a usually rough object that is used to smooth another through extensive rubbing. ... A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by the selective removal of metal. ... A grinding wheel is an expendable wheel that carries an abrasive compound on its periphery. ... Jump to: navigation, search A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ... Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. ...