Metathesis is a bimolecular process involving the exchange of bonds between the two reacting chemical species, which results in the creation of products with similar or identical bonding affiliations.^[1] To illustrate, consider two chemical species, AB and CD, which react to give AD and CB: A chemical bond is the physical phenomenon (or phenomena) responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms that confers stability to di- and polyatomic chemical compounds. ... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ...

AB + CD → AD + CB

These chemical species can either be ionic or covalent. When referring to precipitation reactions between solutions of ions in inorganic chemistry, it was formerly referred to as double displacement reactions, though this term is now discouraged.

Types of reaction

Neutralization

A neutralization reaction is a specific type of double displacement reaction. Neutralization occurs when equal amounts of acid react with equal amounts of a base. A neutralization reaction creates a solution of salt and water, for example: Neutralization is a chemical reaction, also called a water forming reaction, in which an acid and a base or alkali (soluble base) react and produce a salt and water. ... An acid (often represented by the generic formula HA) is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH of less than 7. ... A base in chemistry is a chemical substance which has a free pair of electrons to bind a hydrogen ion commonly referred to as a proton (IUPAC definition). ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) Salt covering the floor of Bad Water in Death Valley, CA, the lowest point in the US. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral... Impact of a drop of water. ...

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)

The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda or lye in North America, is a caustic metallic base used in industry (mostly as a strong chemical base) in the manufacture of paper, textiles, and detergents. ... Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with formula NaCl. ...

Aqueous metathesis

Metathesis reactions can occur between two inorganic salts when one product is insoluble in water, driving the reaction forward, as in the following examples: Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) Salt covering the floor of Bad Water in Death Valley, CA, the lowest point in the US. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral... Insoluble Not soluble ...

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)

2AgNO₃(aq) + CaCl₂(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ca(NO₃)₂(aq)

One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate, an insoluble gas that bubbles out of the solution or an insoluble solid, or a molecular compound, usually water. Since one of these conditions must always be met, a solubility chart (or general knowledge of solubility rules) can be used in advance to predict whether two aqueous reactants will react or not. HSAB theory can also be applied as a means of determining or prediction of products created from such a metathesis reaction. R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... This articles section called Other facts does not cite its references or sources. ... Silver chloride (also called silver(I) chloride) is a chemical compound with chemical formula AgCl and is composed of one silver and one chlorine molecule. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... Inhalation respiratory irritation Skin May cause irritation. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Calcium chloride is a chemical compound of calcium and chlorine. ... Silver chloride (also called silver(I) chloride) is a chemical compound with chemical formula AgCl and is composed of one silver and one chlorine molecule. ... A gas is one of the four major phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma, that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... In science, a molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its chemical composition and properties. ... Impact of a drop of water. ... A solubility chart refers to a chart with a list of ions and how, when mixed with other ions, they can become precipitates or remain aqueous. ... also known as HSAB theory HSAB is the acronym for hard and soft acids and bases The HSAB concept is widely used in chemistry for explaining stability of compounds, reaction paths etc. ...

Acid and carbonates

Another subcategory of this reaction type features acids reacting with carbonates/bicarbonates. These reactions always yield carbonic acid as a product, which in turn automatically decomposes into carbon dioxide and water. An example below is the common science fair "volcano" reaction - acetic acid with sodium bicarbonate: Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... Impact of a drop of water. ... Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. ... Sodium bicarbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. ...

CH₃COOH (aq) + NaHCO₃(s) → CH₃COONa(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Olefin metathesis

Main article: olefin metathesis

An example of metathesis reaction involving the redistribution of alkenes fractions, referred to as olefins within a metathesis reaction of this type.

An important and influential reaction within organic chemistry, which involves the principle of metathesis is the olefin metathesis reaction developed by Yves Chauvin, Richard R. Schrock and Robert H. Grubbs, who shared a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2005. Olefin metathesis or transalkylidenation (in some literature, a disproportionation) is an organic reaction which involves redistribution of olefinic (alkene) bonds. ... Image File history File links Metathesis. ... Image File history File links Metathesis. ... Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of chemical compounds consisting of primarily carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, halogens as well... Yves Chauvin (born October 10, 1930) is a French chemist and Nobel Prize winner. ... Richard Royce Schrock (born January 4, 1945) was one of the recipients of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contribution to the metathesis method in organic chemistry. ... Robert H. Grubbs (b. ... This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to 2006. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The principle of olefin metathesis is that an alkene double bond is cleaved and redistributed alongside the redistribution of a alkylidene under the presence of catalytic metals, such as nickel or tungsten. It has several commercially significant applications, and it is especially useful due to the relatively small amounts of side products and hazardous waste products. A cleave in an optical fiber is a deliberate, controlled break, intended to create a perfectly flat endface, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fiber. ... A transition metal carbene complex in organometallic chemistry is a compound bearing a formal carbon-metal bond. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Atomic mass 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tungsten, W, 74 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 6, d Appearance grayish white, lustrous Atomic mass 183. ... A hazardous material is any solid, liquid, or gas that can cause harm to humans and other living organisms due to being flammable or explosive, irritating or damaging the skin or lungs, interfering with oxygen intake and apsorption (asphyxiants), or causing allergic reactions (allergens). ...

References

1. ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, (2006). IUPAC Gold Book, Compendium of Chemical Terminology IUPAC Publications

Compendium of Chemical Terminology (ISBN 0-86542-684-8) is a book published by IUPAC containing internationally accepted definitions for terms in chemistry. ...

Further reading

• R. H. Grubbs (Ed.), Handbook of Metathesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003.