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To meet Wikipedia's quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. Please discuss this issue on the talk page, or replace this tag with a more specific message. Editing help is available. This article has been tagged since September 2006. The Mexican League is a AAA-level baseball minor league in Mexico. The league is regarded in Mexico as the domestic major league. A Class A California League game in San Jose, California (1994) Minor baseball leagues are North American professional baseball leagues that compete at a level below that of Major League Baseball. ...
[edit] History
There have actually been six Mexican leagues of note. The first was an outlaw circuit directed by Jorge Pasquel from the late 1930s until 1953. Having major league ambitions, Pasquel stocked his teams with Negro League greats, then raided the U.S. major leagues for additional talent when a player surplus and pay cuts there followed the World War II player shortage. Pasquel's raids netted 23 Major League regulars, most of whom jumped to the Quebec Provincial League in 1948-1949, and were reinstated by the majors in June 1949. Struggling financially, Pasquel's league dissolved in 1953. The northern clubs merged into the Arizona-Texas and Arizona-Mexico leagues of 1953-57. The Mexican League proper reorganized in 1955, and has operated continuously since. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ...
Part of the History of baseball in the United States series. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article is becoming very long. ...
1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...
1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ...
1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ...
1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Mexican Central League, recognized as Class-A, formed in 1960, and was joined during the decade by the short-lived Mexican Northern League, Mexican Pacific League, and Mexican Rookie League. All were based on previously existing outlaw circuits. The last three were acknowledged farm leagues for the Mexican League, but the Mexican Central League, while hosting some farm clubs, had aspirations to equal status. The Mexican and Central leagues finally merged into a single 20-team circuit with four divisions in 1979. A players' strike curtailed the 1980 season, but six clubs broke the strike to play a 40-game schedule. Following numerous bankruptcies, the Mexican League dwindled to 14 teams in two divisions. 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...
This page refers to the year 1979. ...
1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
Long known as a last stop for over-the-hill major leaguers, the Mexican League has swung back and forth between dead-ball and lively-ball eras. A new lively-ball era commenced in 1984: In 1983 no player hit 20 home runs; in 1986 14 hit more than 30. 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
[edit] Chronology - February 19, 1946: New York Giants OF Danny Gardella becomes the first major leaguer to announce he is jumping to the "outlaw" Mexican League, the first shot in the series of events that will dominate baseball even more than the return of all the war veterans. His attempt to return to the Major Leagues a few years later will initiate a major court battle.
- May 23, 1946: The St. Louis Cardinals, the pre-season favorites to win the National League pennant, suffer a blow when pitchers Max Lanier and Fred Martin, and infielder Lou Klein jump to the Mexican League. Lanier was 6-0 in six starts this season. The 2nd-place Cards win today at the Polo Grounds behind Johnny Beazley's 4-hitter, but will lose three of their next four starts and drop into 2nd place.
- May 27, 1946: The outlaw Mexican League scuttles its competition, Mexico's only league entry in organized baseball. There are now 43 minor leagues for 1946.
- July 8, 1946: A special meeting of clubs deals with Mexican League defections and attempts by players to gain new rights. Some results: $5,000 minimum salary, $25-per-week training-camp expenses, a fixed period for spring training, 25 days for post-season barnstorming, maximum pay cut of 25 percent. A pension fund aimed at providing $100 a month for retired 10-year players will be funded by World Series broadcast rights and net proceeds from All-Star Games. Each league will have a player rep to baseball councils. The first player reps named are New York Yankees P Johnny Murphy and Brooklyn Dodgers OF Dixie Walker.
- February 9, 1949: A federal appeals court orders the $300,000 suit against baseball by Mexican League jumper Danny Gardella back to a lower court for trial.
- March 8, 1949: Max Lanier and Fred Martin, late of the Mexican League, file a $2.5 million suit against baseball. A federal judge on April 1 will deny their right to be reinstated.
- February 20, 1953: The U.S. Court of Appeals rules that organized baseball is a sport and not a business, affirming the 25-year-old Supreme Court ruling. This effectively dismisses the antitrust suits of Jack Corbett and former Dodger farm hand Walter Kowalski. The $300,000 suit of Corbett, the owner of the Texas League El Paso club, is based on his belief that he lost money when Major League baseball prohibited him from signing several players suspended for participation in the Mexican League. Kowalski's $150,000 suit is based on the general principles of the antitrust and restraint-of-trade laws. Their lawyer in these cases is Frederic Johnson, who also represents Danny Gardella in his suit against Major League baseball.
- August 17, 1977: Records fall as the Mexican League concludes its season. Ironman hurler Aurelio Lopez of the Mexico City Reds racks up his 30th save to go with a record 19 victories in relief. Veteran Tampico first baseman Hector Espino hits only 14 home runs, but raises his career total to 435, a new minor league record. Thirty-eight-year-old Vic Davalillo, the league's top hitter at .384, is purchased by the Dodgers.
[edit] February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
Major league affiliations National League (1883âpresent) West Division (1969âpresent) Current uniform Retired Numbers 3,4,11,24,27,30,36,44 Name San Francisco Giants (1958âpresent) New York Giants (1885-1957) New York Gothams (1883-1885) Ballpark AT&T Park (2000âpresent) a. ...
An outfielder moves in to catch a fly ball Outfielder is a collective term including left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder, the three positions in baseball farthest from the batter. ...
Danny Gardella is a former Major League Baseball player. ...
February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Carrasquel with the Senators Alex Carrasquel [car_ras_KAEL] (July 24, 1912 _ August 19, 1969), born Alejandro Eloy Carrasquel Aparicio, was the first baseball player from Venezuela to play Major League Baseball. ...
Major league affiliations American League (1901-present) Central Division (1994-present) Current uniform Ballpark U.S. Cellular Field (1991-present) Major league titles World Series titles (3) 2005 ⢠1917 ⢠1906 AL Pennants (6) 2005 ⢠1959 ⢠1919 ⢠1917 1906 ⢠1901 Central Division titles (2) [1] 2005 ⢠2000 West Division titles (2...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ...
Ace Townsend Adams (March 2, 1912 - February 26, 2006) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Giants (1941-46). ...
Harry Feldman (November 10, 1919 - March 16, 1962) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the New York Giants from 1941 to 1946. ...
May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ...
Major league affiliations National League (1892âpresent) Central Division (1994âpresent) Current uniform Retired Numbers 1,2,6,9,14,17,20,42,45,85 Name St. ...
The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, or simply the National League, is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. ...
Hubert Max Lanier (born August 18, 1915, in Denton, North Carolina) was a Major League Baseball pitcher for the St. ...
An infielder is a baseball player who plays on the infield, the dirt portion of a baseball diamond between first base and third base. ...
Louis Frank Klein (October 22, 1918 - June 20, 1976) was an infielder for the St. ...
The Polo Grounds was the name given to four different stadiums in New York City used by Major League Baseballs New York Giants from 1883 until 1957, New York Metropolitans from 1883 until 1885, the New York Yankees from 1912 until 1922, and by the New York Mets in...
May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ...
July 8 is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 176 days remaining. ...
A Grapefruit League game at the LA Dodgers camp in Vero Beach, Florida In Major League Baseball, spring training is a series of exhibition games which precedes the regular season. ...
A playoff in sports (North American professional sports in particular) is a game or series of games played after the regular season is over with the goal of determining a league champion. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
For other events named World Series, see World Series (disambiguation). ...
The Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also popularly known as the Midsummer Classic or Midsummer Night Classic, is an annual baseball game between players from the National League and the American League, currently selected by fan vote for the starting position players and by the manager for pitchers and...
Major league affiliations American League (1901-present) East Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark Yankee Stadium (1923-present) Major league titles World Series titles (26) 2000 ⢠1999 ⢠1998 ⢠1996 1978 ⢠1977 ⢠1962 ⢠1961 1958 ⢠1956 ⢠1953 ⢠1952 1951 ⢠1950 ⢠1949 ⢠1947 1943 ⢠1941 ⢠1939 ⢠1938 1937 ⢠1936 ⢠1932 ⢠1928 1927...
John Joseph Murphy (July 14, 1908 - January 14, 1970), nicknamed Fordham Johnny and Grandma, was a hugely successful American right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball (1932, 1934-43, 1946-47) who later became a front office executive in the game. ...
Major league affiliations National League (1890-present) West Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark Dodger Stadium (1962-present) Major league titles World Series titles (6) 1988 ⢠1981 ⢠1965 ⢠1963 1959 ⢠1955 NL Pennants (21) 1988 ⢠1981 ⢠1978 ⢠1977 1974 ⢠1966 ⢠1965 ⢠1963 1959 ⢠1956 ⢠1955 ⢠1953 1952 ⢠1949 ⢠1947 ⢠1941...
Fred Dixie Walker (September 24, 1910 - May 17, 1982) was a right fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees (1931, 1933-36), Chicago White Sox (1936-37), Detroit Tigers (1938-39), Brooklyn Dodgers (1939-47) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1948-49). ...
August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ...
Arnold Malcolm (Mickey) Owen (April 4, 1916 - July 11, 2005) was a catcher in Major League Baseball. ...
Luis Francisco Rodríguez Olmo (born August 11, 1919) in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, best known as Luis Olmo, is a former Major League Baseball outfielder and right-handed batter. ...
In 1920, the owners of Major League Baseball, in order to reestablish confidence of fans in the sport following the Black Sox Scandal, established the office of Commissioner of Baseball. ...
Albert Chandler Albert Benjamin Chandler I (commonly known as A. B. Happy Chandler) (July 14, 1898âJune 15, 1991) was a governor of Kentucky, a U.S. Senator and Baseball Commissioner. ...
October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining. ...
1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...
Danny Gardella is a former Major League Baseball player. ...
The reserve clause is a term formerly employed in North American professional sports contracts. ...
In economics, a monopoly (from the Latin word monopolium - Greek language monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. ...
February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ...
March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ...
Hubert Max Lanier (born August 18, 1915, in Denton, North Carolina) was a Major League Baseball pitcher for the St. ...
April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ...
June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ...
Arnold Malcolm (Mickey) Owen (April 4, 1916 - July 11, 2005) was a catcher in Major League Baseball. ...
Luis Francisco Rodríguez Olmo (born August 11, 1919) in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, best known as Luis Olmo, is a former Major League Baseball outfielder and right-handed batter. ...
February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ...
The United States Courts of Appeals (or circuit courts) are the mid-level appellate courts of the United States federal court system. ...
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the judicial branch of the United States federal government. ...
Antitrust is also the name of a movie, see Antitrust (film) Antitrust or competition laws are laws whose stated purpose is the promotion of economic and business competition by prohibiting anti-competitive behavior and unfair business practices. ...
The Texas League is a minor league baseball league which operates in the South Central United States. ...
A panoramic view of El Paso, Texas from the north. ...
August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Bisbee/Douglas Copper Kings were a baseball team in the independent Arizona-Mexico League. ...
In baseball, a home run is a base hit in which the batter is able to circle all the bases, ending at home plate and scoring a run himself (along with a run scored by each runner who was already on base), with no errors by the defensive team on...
The state of Chihuahua is the largest of the 31 states of Mexico and is located in the northwestern part of the country. ...
June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ...
1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...
Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México, México D.F. or simply México, pronounced IPA: ) is the capital city of the nation of Mexico. ...
Poza Rica (formally: Poza Rica de Hidalgo) is a city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. ...
August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
Major league affiliations American League (1901-present) Central Division (1994-present) East Division (1969-1993) Major league titles World Series titles (2) 1948 ⢠1920 AL Pennants (5) 1997 ⢠1995 ⢠1954 ⢠1948 1920 Central Division titles (6) [1] 2001 ⢠1999 ⢠1998 ⢠1997 1996 ⢠1995 Wild card berths (0) None [1] - In...
The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, or simply the National League, is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. ...
Ricardo Adolfo Jacobo Carty (born September 1, 1939 San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic - ) was a utlity player with a 15 year career from 1963-1967, 1969-1970, 1972-1979. ...
July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ...
For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...
Rafael GarcÃa is a Mexican professional wrestler, better known as Super Calo. ...
In baseball and softball, a no-hit game (more commonly known as a no-hitter) refers to a contest in which one of the teams has prevented the other from getting an official hit during the entire length of the game, which must be at least 9 innings by the...
Durango (IPA pronunciation ) is one of the constituent states of Mexico. ...
Nuevo Laredo is a city in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. ...
April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ...
August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Aurelio Alejandro Lopez Rios (born June 17, 1948 Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico - died September 22, 1992 Matehuala, San Luis Potosi, Mexico) was a pitcher with an 11 year career from 1974, 1978-1987. ...
Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México, México D.F. or simply México, pronounced IPA: ) is the capital city of the nation of Mexico. ...
To save in a sport means to stop a goal or to maintain the lead. ...
El Puente Tampico (finished in October 1988) links the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz and is a major element in the Gulf of Mexico highway system. ...
The position of the first baseman First base redirects here. ...
Vic Davalillo [da-va-LEEL-lyo], born Víctor José Davalillo Romero (July 31, 1936 in Cabimas, Zulia State, Venezuela), is a former outfielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Cleveland Indians (1963-1968), California Angels (1968-69), St. ...
August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ...
2001: A Space Odyssey. ...
Major league affiliations National League (1876âpresent) East Division (1994âpresent) Current uniform Retired Numbers 3,21,35,41,42,44 Name Atlanta Braves (1966âpresent) Ballpark Turner Field (1997âpresent) Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium (1966-1996) Milwaukee County Stadium (Milwaukee) (1953-1965) Braves Field (Boston) (1915-1952) Fenway Park...
Julio César Robles Franco (born August 23, 1958 in Hato Mayor, Dominican Republic) is a Major League Baseball player with the New York Mets. ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Rudy Caballero Seanez (born October 20, 1968 in Brawley, California) is a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball. ...
Major league affiliations National League (1969âpresent) West Division (1969âpresent) Current uniform Retired Numbers 6,19,31,35 Name San Diego Padres (1969âpresent) Ballpark PETCO Park (2004âpresent) Jack Murphy Stadium (1969-2003) a. ...
Teams [edit] Summer League (Known as the Mexican Baseball League) North Zone: // History Founded in 1925, with six teams (74 Regimiento, México, Agraria, Nacional, Guanajuato and Aguila). ...
- Acereros de Monclova (Monclova Steelers)
- Diablos Rojos del México (Mexico City Red Devils)
- Potros de Tijuana (Tijuana Colts)
- Rieleros de Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes Railroadmen)
- Saraperos de Saltillo (Saltillo Sarape Makers)
- Sultanes de Monterrey (Monterrey Sultans)
- Tuneros de San Luis (San Luis Cactus Men) (San Luis Potosí)
- Vaqueros Laguna (Laguna Cowboys) (Torreon)
South Zone: Los Rieleros del Norte Los Rieleros del Norte (Railers of the North) is a Mexican norteño band. ...
The Sultanes de Monterrey, are a Mexican League baseball team based in Monterrey, Mexico. ...
The Mexican state of San Luis Potosà has an area of 62,848 km² (24,266 mi²). It is in the north-central part of the Mexican republic, bordered by the states of Jalisco, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Zacatecas. ...
Torreón is a city in Coahuila, Mexico. ...
- Guerreros de Oaxaca (Oaxaca Warriors)
- Leones de Yucatán (Yucatán Lions) (Mérida) *2006 Season Champions
- Olmecas de Tabasco (Tabasco Olmecas) (Villahermosa)
- Piratas de Campeche (Campeche Pirates)
- Petroleros de Poza Rica (Poza Rica Oilers)
- Pericos de Puebla (Puebla Parrots)
- Rojos del Aguila de Veracruz (Veracruz Red Eagles)
- Tigres de la Angelopolis (Mexico Tigers) (Puebla)
Inactive Summer League Teams Cathedral on the Plaza Mayor, the oldest in North America [1]. Mérida is the capital city of the Mexican state of Yucatán. ...
Villahermosa (Beautiful Village in Spanish language) is the capital city of Tabasco, Mexico, and the municipal seat of Centro municipality. ...
The Mexico Tigers (los Tigres del Mexico) are a Mexican minor league baseball team located in Puebla, Mexico. ...
The Mexican state of Puebla is located in the center of the country, to the east of Mexico City. ...
- Algodoneros de Union Laguna (Union Laguna Cotton Pickers) (Torreón)
- Azules de Coatzacoalcos (Coatzacoalcos Blues)
- Bravos de León (León Braves)
- Broncos de Reynosa (Reynosa Broncos)
- Cachorros de León (León Cubs)
- Cafeteros de Cordoba (Cordoba Coffee Growers)
- Charros de Jalisco (Jalisco Charros) (Guadalajara, Jalisco)
- Dorados de Chihuahua (Chihuahua Goldenmen)
- Escorpiones de Durango (Durango Scorpions)
- Indios de Ciudad Juarez (Ciudad Juárez Indians)
- Industriales de Monterrey (Monterrey Industrials)
- Langosteros de Cancun (Cancun Lobstermen)
- Ligeros de Tampico (Tampico Lightermen)
- Mineros de Sabinas (Sabinas Miners)
- Potros de Minatitlán (Minatitlán Colts)
- Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos (Dos Laredos' Owls) (Laredo, Texas and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas)
- Toros de Tijuana (Tijuana Bulls)
- Truchas de Toluca (Toluca Trouts)
[edit] Torreón is a city in Coahuila, Mexico. ...
The Reynosa Broncos (los Broncos de Reynosa) were a Mexican minor league baseball team that played in the city of Reynosa, Tamaulipas in the Zona Norte of the Mexican League. ...
Guadalajara (Spanish pronunciation [wa-da-la-ha-ra]) is the capital city of the state of Jalisco and it is also the second most populated city in Mexico. ...
Indios de juarez is a mexican football team that plays in Primera División A of mexico. ...
Laredo is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, on the north bank of the Rio Grande (RÃo Bravo), across from Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. ...
Nuevo Laredo is a city in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. ...
Winter League (Known as The Mexican Pacific League) Inactive Winter Teams The Mexican Pacific league (Spanish: Liga Mexicana del PacÃfico) is a developmental Baseball league playing in the winter months in northwestern Mexico. ...
The Ãguilas de Mexicali (Mexicali Eagles) is a Mexican baseball team playing for the Liga Mexicana del PacÃfico (Mexican Pacific League) in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico The team was founded on October 14, 1976. ...
Logo of the team The Mayos de Navojoa is a Mexican baseball team of the Liga Mexicana del PacÃfico (Mexican Pacific League). They have been champions of the league twice. ...
Logo of the team The Yaquis de Ciudad Obregón is a Mexican baseball team of the Liga Mexicana del PacÃfico (Mexican Pacific (Baseball) League). The team was founded on October 8, 1970, and its home stadium is the Estadio Tomás Oroz Gaytán. ...
- Tijuana Colts
- Guaymas Oystermen
[edit] Biggest rivalries - 1.- Mexico Red Devils vs. Mexico Tigers
- 2.- Mexico Red Devils vs. Cordoba Coffee Growers
- 3.- Monterrey Sultans vs. Saltillo Sarapeers -
- 4.- Yucatan Lions vs. Campeche Pirates
- 5.- Hermosillo Orange Growers vs. Culiacan Tomato Growers
[edit] Format - Regular Season Format: Split
- Number of Games: 110
- League roster limits: 28, no more than 4 imports
- Play-off system: Twelve teams qualify. Six First round winners and two "best losers" advance to *second round. All playoff series are best-of-7. Second Round winners meet in Division Finals. *Winners advance to best-of-7 series for Mexican League championship
- Brand of Baseball: Rawlings
- All-Star Game also played
[edit] Rawlings is an American company that manufactures sports equipment. ...
World Baseball Classic Mexico's team participated in the World Baseball Classic, a championship tournament for teams from numerous countries across the globe which began March 3, 2006.[1] The World Baseball Classic, sometimes abbreviated WBC, is an international baseball tournament, first held in March 2006. ...
March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
[edit] See also [edit] The table below lists domestic sports leagues from around the world by total attendances for the last completed season. ...
References David Pietrusza Major Leagues: The Formation, Sometimes Absorption and Mostly Inevitable Demise of 18 Professional Baseball Organizations, 1871 to Present Jefferson (NC): McFarland & Company, 1991. ISBN 0-89950-590-2 [edit] External links - Official site - in Spanish
- Coverage on minorleaguebaseball.com - in English
- ligadelpacifico.com.mx - in Spanish
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