Mexico City Ciudad de México
Skyline of Mexico City at night
Seal
Nickname: Ciudad de los Palacios (City of Palaces) (given by Alexander von Humboldt)
Location of Mexico City
Coordinates: 19°24′N 99°7′W / 19.4, -99.117
Country	Mexico
Federal entity	Federal District
Boroughs	The 16 delegaciones
Founded	c.March 18, 1325 (as Tenochtitlan)
Municipality of the New Spain	1524
Federal District	1824
Government
- Type	Republic
- Head of Government	Marcelo Ebrard (PRD)
Area 1
- City	1,479 km² (571 sq mi)
Elevation	2,240 m (7,349 ft)
Population (2006)
- City	8,720,916
- Density	5,741/km² (14,869.1/sq mi)
- Metro	19,231,829
- Demonym	Defeño, chilango, capitalino.
Time zone	Central Standard Time (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	Central Daylight Time (UTC-5)
1 Area of the Federal District that includes non-urban areas at the south.
Website: http://www.df.gob.mx

Mexico City (in Spanish: México, D.F., ciudad de México, or simply México^[1]) is the capital city of Mexico. It is the most important economic, industrial and cultural center in the country, and the most populous city with 8,720,916 inhabitants in 2005. Greater Mexico City (Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México) incorporates 58 adjacent municipalities of Mexico State and 1 municipality of the state of Hidalgo, according to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments.^[2] In 2006 Greater Mexico City had a population of 19.2 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the second^[3]largest in the world. In 2005, it ranked the eighth in terms of largest GDP (PPP) among urban agglomerations in the world.^[4] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 184 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mexico City Mexico... EXAMPLE:Laughbox,Blondie,BamBam,Pinkie,etc. ... An 1859 portrait of Alexander von Humboldt by the artist Julius Schrader, showing Mount Chimborazo in the background. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... The United Mexican States are a federation made up by thirty-one free and sovereign states. ... The Mexican Federal District is divided into 16 boroughs (delegaciones) for local government and administrative purposes. ... The Mexican Federal District is divided into 16 boroughs (delegaciones) for local government and administrative purposes. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 7:Alfonso IV becomes the King of Portugal. ... Tenochtitlan, looking east. ... A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ... map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Head of Government ( Spanish: Jefe de Gobierno) wields executive power in the Mexican Federal District (the federal district, or D.F., is the seat of national executive, legislative, and judicial power, and is largely contiguous with the core of the sprawling Mexico City conurbation). ... Marcelo Luis Ebrard Casaubón (b. ... The Party of the Democratic Revolution (in Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática, PRD) is one of the three main political parties in Mexico. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ...  CST or UTC-6 The Central Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-6) and five hours during daylight saving time (UTC-5). ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ...  CST or UTC-6 The Central Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-6) and five hours during daylight saving time (UTC-5). ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... The Mexican Federal District, known in Spanish as Distrito Federal (D.F.), is an area within Mexico that is not part of any of the Mexican states, but an independent self-governing city-state and the seat of the Federal Government. ... Capital City is a 60-minute television show produced by Euston Films that ran for 13 episodes in 1989 on ITV. This drama focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman. ... Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, oficially called Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México or ZMCM (Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City) in Mexico. ... The United Mexican States, or Mexico, is a federal republic, comprising 31 states. ... Hidalgo is a state in central Mexico, with an area of 20,502 km². In 2000 the state had a population of some 2,231,000 people. ... The geographical western hemisphere of Earth, highlighted in yellow. ... 27 metropolitan areas of at least 10 million people. ...

Along with São Paulo it is the only Beta global city with 8 points in Latin America. “World city” redirects here. ...

Mexico City is also the Federal District (Distrito Federal in Spanish). The Federal District is coextensive with Mexico City: both are governed by a single institution and are constitutionally considered to be the same entity. This has not always been the case. The Federal District, created in 1824, was integrated by several municipalities, one of which was the municipality of Mexico City. As the city began to grow, it engulfed all other municipalities into one large urban area. In 1928 all municipalities within the Federal District were abolished, an action that left a vacuum in the legal status of Mexico City vis-à-vis the Federal District, even though for most practical purposes they were traditionally considered to be the same entity. In 1993, to end the sterile discussions about whether one concept had engulfed the other, or if any of the two entities had any existence in lieu of the other, the 44th Article of the Constitution of Mexico was reformed to clearly state that Mexico City is the capital, seat of the Powers of the Union and capital of the United Mexican States.^[5] A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the current Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. ... The United Mexican States or Mexico (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by Guatemala and Belize, to...

Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, also called the Valley of Anáhuac, a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,349 feet). It was originally built by the Aztecs in 1325 on an island of Lake Texcoco. The city was almost completely destroyed in the siege of 1521, and was redesigned and rebuilt in the following years following the Spanish urban standards. In 1524 the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenustitlán, and as of 1585 it is officially known as ciudad de México.^[6] The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of Estado de Mexico. ... The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of the State of Mexico. ... For other meanings, see Plateau (disambiguation). ... The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic... Events January 7:Alfonso IV becomes the King of Portugal. ... Lake Texcoco is a lake in Mexico. ...

History

For the Pre-Columbian detailed history of the city, see: Tenochtitlán and Tlatelolco.

The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents. ... Plan of Tenochtitlan (Dr Atl) Mexico City statue commemorating the foundation of Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan (pronounced ) or, alternatively, Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was the capital of the Aztec empire, which was built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now central Mexico. ... Tlaltelolco is an area in Mexico City, centered on the Plaza de las Tres Culturas, a square surrounded on three sides by an excavated Aztec pyramid, the 17th century church Templo de Santiago, and the modern office complex of the Mexican foreign ministry. ...

Prehispanic era and Spanish colonial period

Mexico City in 1628.

Mexico (in Spanish pronounced "Me-hi-co") City was founded as Mexico-Tenochtitlan on March 18, 1325 by the Nahua Aztec or Mexican tribe, which rapidly became the capital of a sophisticated growing empire.^[7] Located on a small island on the middle of Lake Texcoco, the layout of the city forced the Aztecs to build an artificial island with a series of canals to allow the growth of the metropolis.^[8][9] A number of causeways were also constructed from the shoreline to the central island. These causeways are the foundation of the various calzadas which are today principal avenues in Mexico City. In fact, although the lake was salty, dams built by the Aztecs kept the city surrounded by clear water from the rivers that fed the lake. Two double aqueducts provided the city with fresh water; this was intended mainly for cleaning and washing.^[10] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1478x897, 250 KB) Summary Author: Juan Gómez de Trasmonte, 1628 (d. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1478x897, 250 KB) Summary Author: Juan Gómez de Trasmonte, 1628 (d. ... Tenochtitlan, looking east. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 7:Alfonso IV becomes the King of Portugal. ... The Nahua are a group of indigenous peoples of Mexico. ... Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic... Lake Texcoco is a lake in Mexico. ... For other uses, see Aqueduct (disambiguation). ...

After centuries of pre-Columbian civilization, the Spanish conquistador (conqueror) Hernán Cortés first arrived in the area in 1519.^[11] He did not succeed in conquering the city until August 13, 1521, after a 79-day siege that destroyed most of the old Aztec city.^[12] A Conquistador (Spanish: []) (English: Conqueror) was a Spanish soldier, explorer and adventurer who took part in the gradual invasion and conquering of much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries. ... Hernán(do) Cortés Pizarro, 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca (1485–December 2, 1547) was the conquistador who became famous for leading the military expedition that initiated the Spanish Conquest of Mexico. ... is the 225th day of the year (226th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... Combatants Spain Tlaxcallān Aztec Empire Commanders Hernán Cortés Pedro de Alvarado Cuitláhuac Cuauhtémoc Strength 86 cavalry 900 infantry 80,000 natives 100,000- 300,000 warriors[1] Casualties 20,000 natives dead 100,000 dead 100,000 civilian dead The Siege of Tenochtitlan ended in...

In 1524 the rebuilt city served as the capital of the viceroyalty of New Spain and the political and cultural centre of Mexico.^[13] The importance of the city was such that the Captaincy General of Guatemala, Yucatán, Cuba, Florida, and the Philippines were administered from it. This colonial period culminated with the construction of the baroque Metropolitan Cathedral and the Basilica of Guadalupe.^[14] A viceroy is somebody who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. ... map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ... Captaincy General (from the Spanish Capitanía General) is a division of a viceroyalty in colonial Spanish-America and the Spanish-Philippines, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 106 Government  - Governor Ivonne Ortega Pacheco PRI  - Federal Deputies PAN: 4 PRI: 1  - Federal Senators Hugo Laviada (PAN) Alfredo Rodríguez (PAN) Cleominio Zoreda (PRI) Area Ranked 20th  - State 38,402 km²  (14,827. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... Exterior view of the modern Basilica. ...

Independence

Torre Latinoamericana, Mexico City's first skyscraper

The outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence in 1810, and the eventual independence of the country in 1821 were unable to hamper the influence of the city even though it shook internal politics.^[15] The capital became host of the first ruler of the Mexican Empire, Agustin de Iturbide, who abdicated a year later in 1823. The nation became a federal republic in October 1824.^[16] Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 951 KB)Author: Daniel Manrique (Roadmaster). ... Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 951 KB)Author: Daniel Manrique (Roadmaster). ... Torre Latinoamericana The Torre Latinoamericana (literally, Latin American Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Mexico City, Mexico. ... Combatants Mexico Spain Commanders Miguel Hidalgo José María Morelos Vicente Guerrero Spanish colonial authorities Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on September 16, 1810. ... Agust n Cosme Dami n de Iturbide y Ar mburu (September 27, 1783 – July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823. ...

In 1824, the Mexican Federal District was established by the new government and by the signing of their new constitution, where the concept of a federal district was adapted from the American constitution.^[16] Before this designation, Mexico City had served as the seat of government for both the State of Mexico and the nation as a whole. Texcoco and then Toluca became the capital of the state of Mexico.^[17] The Mexican Federal District, known in Spanish as Distrito Federal (D.F.), is an area within Mexico that is not part of any of the Mexican states, but an independent self-governing city-state and the seat of the Federal Government. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Ecatepec Government  - Governor Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI)  - Federal Deputies PRI: 7 PAN: 11 PRD: 20 Convergencia: 2  - Federal Senators Yeidckol Polevnsky (PRD) Héctor Bautista (PRD) Ulises Ramírez (PAN) Area Ranked 25th  - Total 21,355 km² (8,245. ... Texcoco is a city in México State, Mexico, located to the east of Mexico City at 19. ... This article is about a city in Mexico. ...

The war with the United States led to an invasion into Mexico City by U.S. General Winfield Scott on September 14, 1847, and obligated Mexico to cede the provinces of Nuevo Mexico and Alta California, what are today the States of California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and parts of Utah and Wyoming to the U.S. and recognize Texas as independent. This was formally recognized in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which was signed in what is now the suburb of the city of the same name. The invasion culminated at Chapultepec Castle, the military center of the country where, according to the legend, 13 young Mexican cadets (see Niños Héroes) fought helpless and outnumbered to keep the Americans from taking the symbolic castle. This event is remembered by a series of monolithic columns that bear their names at the base of the Castle. A short-lived monarchy in 1864-1867, under Emperor Maximilian I, left its mark on the reconstruction of Chapultepec Castle and other urban planning that was said to have been modeled after the Champs-Élysées to help his consort Empress Carlota adjust to the city. For other uses of Winfield Scott, see Winfield Scott (disambiguation). ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Province is a name for a secondary, or subnational entity of government in most countries. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Alta California (Upper California) was formed in 1804 when the province of California, then a part of the Spanish colony of New Spain, was divided in two along the line separating the Franciscan missions in the north from the Dominican missions in the south. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Official language(s) English Demonym Coloradan Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th in the US  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ... Official language(s) None Spoken language(s) English 68. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... The Mexican Cession (red) and the Gadsden Purchase (orange). ... Aerial view of the Chapultepec Castle and the Monument of the Heroic Cadets. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México) (July 6, 1832 – June 19, 1867) (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph) was a member of Austrias Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family. ... Aerial view of the Chapultepec Castle and the Monument of the Heroic Cadets. ... The Champs-Élysées (pronounced  ) is the most prestigious and broadest avenue in Paris. ... Charlotte of Belgium (Princess Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine of Belgium), (June 7, 1840–January 19, 1927) as Charlotte (or Carlota), Empress of Mexico was the consort of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. ...

A three decade long dictatorship under Porfirio Díaz left a French influence upon Mexico City. The stunning, bronze Angel of Independence was built under his administration to celebrate the first centenary of the beginning of the War of Independence. Other urban highlights built at the time were the Palacio de Bellas Artes and the expansion of Paseo de la Reforma à la Champs-Élysées. Following the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution, whereby president Díaz was forced to resign and a new president was elected, Mexico City suffered from what has been called La decena trágica ("The Tragic Ten Days") in February 1913. La decena trágica was a coup d'état orchestrated by Victoriano Huerta in complicity with the United States Ambassador to Mexico Henry Lane Wilson. José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mory (15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), Mexican war volunteer and French intervention hero; later President. ... El Ángel de la Independencia (The Angel of Independence), most commonly known by the shortened name El Ángel, is a monument located on a roundabout over Paseo de la Reforma in downtown Mexico City. ... Palacio de Bellas Artes The Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts) is the premier opera house of Mexico City. ... Paseo de la Reforma (Reform Avenue) is a 12 km long grand avenue in Mexico City. ... The Champs-Élysées (pronounced  ) is the most prestigious and broadest avenue in Paris. ... This article is about the Mexican Revolution of 1910. ... A graphical timeline is available here: Timeline of the Mexican Revolution Citizens throng around The Citadel (La ciudadela) building during La decena tragica in 1913. ... A graphical timeline is available here: Timeline of the Mexican Revolution José Victoriano Huerta Márquez (December 23, 1850 – January 13, 1916) was a Mexican military officer and President of Mexico. ... The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with Mexico since 1823, when Andrew Jackson was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to that country. ... Henry Lane Wilson (1927-1938) born in Columbus, New Mexico, was involved with Álvaro Obregón, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, and Gustavo A. Madero in the Mexican Revolution. ...

The post-revolutionary government of Mexico following the Mexican Revolution of 1910 reinforced the importance of the city which saw an important influx of immigrants during the rest of the 20th century. Most of the growth of Mexico City in population occurred in the late 20th century. In 1950, the city had about 3 million inhabitants. By 2000, the estimated population for the metropolitan area was around 18 million. This article is about the Mexican Revolution of 1910. ...

Recent history

Column of Independence, from Torre Mayor, showing a winged victory at the top.

Torre Mayor, the tallest skyscraper in Latin America

In 1968, the city hosted the Olympic Games, an event marred by the massacre of hundreds of students in what came to be known as the Tlatelolco Massacre, which occurred only a couple of days before the inauguration ceremony. Two other sporting events hosted by the city were the 1970 FIFA World Cup and the 1986 FIFA World Cup, the final matches of which took place in the Estadio Azteca. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 944 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mexico City Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 944 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mexico City Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... The Torre Mayor dominates this view of Mexico City along Paseo de la Reforma The Torre Mayor is a skyscraper in Mexico City, Mexico. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... A 1978 silkscreen poster by Rini Templeton and Malaquías Montoya created to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the massacre. ... The 1970 FIFA World Cup, the ninth staging of the World Cup, was held in Mexico, from May 31 to June 21. ... The 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 13th staging of the FIFA World Cup, was held in Mexico from May 31 to June 29. ... Outside the stadium. ...

At 07:19 on September 19, 1985, the city was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale which resulted in the deaths of between 5,000 (government estimate) and 20,000 people and rendered 50,000-90,000 people homeless. One hundred thousand housing units were destroyed, together with many government buildings. Up to USD $4 billion of damage was caused in three minutes. There was an additional magnitude 7.5 aftershock 36 hours later.^[18] When Mexico City hosted the FIFA World Cup again in 1986, the event was seen as an evidence of its rapid recovery. is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... A car destroyed by the 1985 Mexico Earthquake in Mexico City. ... The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude ML scale, assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude ML scale, assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. ... Aftershocks are earthquakes in the same region of the mainshock (generally within a few rupture length) but of smaller magnitude and which occur with a pattern that follows Omoris law. ... The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football (soccer) competition contested by the mens national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA...

During the 1990s, Mexico City continued to grow as an economic and cultural center of international importance, which has spurred the construction of new skyscrapers such as Latin America's tallest building, the Torre Mayor (a literal translation of which is Greater Tower) and a remodeled World Trade Center México, originally the Hotel de México built during the 1960s and early 70's. The Torre Mayor dominates this view of Mexico City along Paseo de la Reforma The Torre Mayor is a skyscraper in Mexico City, Mexico. ... The World Trade Center México is a building complex located in Mexico City, Mexico, which includes a convention center, cultural center, parking facilities and its most famous and recognizable feature, the 52-story, 172m (564ft) high Torre WTC; indeed, when talking about the World Trade Center México one... The World Trade Center México is a building complex located in Mexico City, Mexico, which includes a convention center, cultural center, parking facilities and its most famous and recognizable feature, the 52-story, 172m (564ft) high Torre WTC; indeed, when talking about the World Trade Center México one...

Mexico City is ranked 8th among North America’s Top Ten Major Cities of the Future 2007-2008. It is ranked 4th in Economic Potential and 4th as Most Cost Effective. Mexico City was the one of the two Mexican cities that made the top ten, along with Guadalajara, which ranked 5th place.^[19]

Geography

Iztaccíhuatl volcano to the east of the city.

The Federal District is located in central-South Mexico. It is bounded by the state of Mexico on the west, north and east, and by the state of Morelos on the south. Mexico City and its metropolitan area, which extends over the state of Mexico, are located in the Valley of Mexico or Anáhuac, a 9,560 km² (3,691 sq mi) valley that lies at an average of 2,240 m (7,349 ft) above sea level. This valley is a basin surrounded by mountains on all four sides, with only one small opening at the north. At the southern part of the basin, the mountain range reaches an altitude of 3,952 m (12,966 ft) above sea level; and to the east the volcanoes reach an altitude of more than 5,000 m (16,000 ft). The region receives anti-cyclonic systems, whose weak winds do not allow for the dispersion, outside the basin, of the air pollutants which are produced by the 50,000 industries and 4 million vehicles operating in the metropolitan area.^[20] The federal and local governments have implemented numerous plans to alleviate the problem of air pollution, including the constant monitoring and reporting of environmental conditions, such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. If the levels of these two pollutants reach critical levels, contingency actions are implemented which may include closing factories, changing school hours, and extending the A day without a car program to two days of the week. To control air pollution, the government has instituted industrial technology improvements, a strict biannual vehicle emission inspection and the reformulation of gasoline and diesel fuels). Perhaps the "Anti-Tobacco Law", in force in the city since April 3, 2008, will contribute (through the prohibition of smoking at restaurants and many other close-space public establishments) to reduce the levels of air pollution. Image File history File links MountainIztaccihuatlMexico01. ... Image File history File links MountainIztaccihuatlMexico01. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Ecatepec Government  - Governor Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI)  - Federal Deputies PRI: 7 PAN: 11 PRD: 20 Convergencia: 2  - Federal Senators Yeidckol Polevnsky (PRD) Héctor Bautista (PRD) Ulises Ramírez (PAN) Area Ranked 25th  - Total 21,355 km² (8,245. ... Morelos is one of the constituent states of Mexico. ... The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of Estado de Mexico. ... Hoy No Circula (literally in Spanish: today it [your car] does not circulate) is the name of an environmental program intended to improve the air quality of Mexico City. ... Look up gasoline in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the fuel. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1986, the non-urban forest areas of the southern boroughs were declared National Ecological Reserves by president de la Madrid. Other areas of the Federal District became protected in the following years. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Term of office: December 1, 1982 – December 1, 1988 Preceded by: José López Portillo Succeeded by: Carlos Salinas de Gortari Date of birth: December 12, 1934 Place of birth: Colima, Colima Profession: Lawyer First Lady: Paloma Cordero Tapia Political Party: PRI Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (born December 12...

The lower region of the valley receives less rainfall than the upper regions of the south; the lower boroughs of Iztapalapa, Iztacalco, Venustiano Carranza and the west portion of Gustavo A. Madero are usually drier and warmer than the upper southern boroughs of Tlalpan and Milpa Alta, a mountainous region of pine and oak trees known as the range of Ajusco. The average annual temperature varies from 12 to 16°C (53 to 60°F), depending on the altitude of the borough. Lowest temperatures, usually registered during January and February, may reach -2 to -5°C (28 to 23°F), usually accompanied by snow showers on the southern regions of Ajusco, and the maximum temperatures of late spring and summer may reach up to 32°C (90°F). Iztapalapa is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ... Iztacalco is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ... Venustiano Carranza is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ... Gustavo A. Madero is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ... The Ajusco Mountains in Tlalpan, Mexico City Tlalpan is the largest of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District (Mexico City) is divided. ... Milpa Alta is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ... Subgenera Subgenus Strobus Subgenus Ducampopinus Subgenus Pinus See Pinus classification for complete taxonomy to species level. ... This article is about oaks (Quercus desert-oak is unrelated, and instead belongs to the genus Allocasuarina. ...

Originally much of the valley lay beneath the waters of Lake of Texcoco, a system of interconnected saline and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the State of Mexico, in the municipality of Atenco. Lake Texcoco is a lake in Mexico. ... The word Aztec is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. ... Chinampas is an Aztec term referring to a method of ancient Mesoamerican agriculture through floating gardens—small, rectangle-shaped areas of fertile arable land used for agriculture in the Xochimilco region of the Basin of Mexico. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Ecatepec Government  - Governor Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI)  - Federal Deputies PRI: 7 PAN: 11 PRD: 20 Convergencia: 2  - Federal Senators Yeidckol Polevnsky (PRD) Héctor Bautista (PRD) Ulises Ramírez (PAN) Area Ranked 25th  - Total 21,355 km² (8,245. ...

Geophysical maps of the Federal District
Topography	Hydrology	Climate patterns

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (816x1056, 184 KB) Mapa del relieve del Distrito Federal de México. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (816x1056, 122 KB) Mapa hidrológico del Distrito Federal de México File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mexico City ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (816x1056, 98 KB) Mapa climatológico del Distrito Federal de México File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mexico City ...

Politics

Federal District

In 1824, when the United Mexican States were born as a federation, the Congress of the Union decided to create a Federal District containing the capital of the federation, Mexico City. Mexico City and the surrounding territories that became the Federal District originally belonged to the state of Mexico, and the city was also the capital of the state. Being now the capital of the federation, and not of a single state, the city had to be administered directly by all the states through the power vested upon the powers of the Union. The Federal District was thus created on November 18, 1824, as a perfect circle with its center at the Central Square (Plaza de la Constitución, popularly known as "el Zócalo") and a radius of 8.38 km (5.21 mi). The Federal District was constituted by the municipality of Mexico City, and six additional municipalities: Tacuba, Tacubaya, Azcapotzalco, Mixcoac, Iztacalco, and Villa de Guadalupe. Congress (formally: Congreso de la Unión or Congress of the Union) is the legislative branch of the Mexican government. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Ecatepec Government  - Governor Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI)  - Federal Deputies PRI: 7 PAN: 11 PRD: 20 Convergencia: 2  - Federal Senators Yeidckol Polevnsky (PRD) Héctor Bautista (PRD) Ulises Ramírez (PAN) Area Ranked 25th  - Total 21,355 km² (8,245. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Zócalo, Mexico City Catedral Metropolitana Zócalo is a Mexican Spanish term for a town square or town center where social and business transactions take place. ... This article is about an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol. ... Tacuba is a municipality in the Ahuachapán department of El Salvador. ... Azcapotzalco (Place of the ants in Nahuatl) is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ... Iztacalco is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ...

In 1854, president Antonio López de Santa Anna, enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 km² (80 sq mi) to 1,700 km² (660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas in order to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city should a foreign invasion occur again. (The Mexican-American War had just been fought). The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km² (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two. 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (February 21, 1794 – June 21, 1876), often known as Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, first fighting against the independence from Spain... Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José Mariá Flores Strength 78,790 soldiers 25,000–40,000 soldiers Casualties KIA: 1733 Total dead: 13,271 Wounded: 4,152 AWOL: 9,200+ 25,000... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Morelos is one of the constituent states of Mexico. ...

While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created constant tensions between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903 already, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities