NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Michael Dukakis

Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician, former Governor of Massachusetts, and was the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. He was born to Greek and Vlach immigrants ^[1] in Brookline, Massachusetts and was the longest serving governor in Massachusetts' history. He was the second Greek-American governor in U.S. history after Spiro Agnew. Image File history File links Dukakis1988rally. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... 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George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... GOP redirects here. ... Reagan redirects here. ... Walter Frederick Fritz Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (largely established by former Vice President Hubert Humphrey). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location in Norfolk County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Norfolk Settled 1638 Incorporated 1705 Government - Type Representative town meeting Area - Total 6. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... Katharine Dickson Dukakis (born December 26, 1936), known as Kitty Dukakis, is the wife of former Massachusetts governor and presidential candidate Michael Dukakis. ... Location in Norfolk County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Norfolk Settled 1638 Incorporated 1705 Government - Type Representative town meeting Area - Total 6. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... For the fish called lawyer, see Burbot. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Greek Orthodox Church can refer to any of several hierarchical churches within the larger group of mutually recognizing Eastern Orthodox churches: the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, headed by the Patriarch of Constantinople, who is also the first among equals of the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Vlachs (also called Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs) are the Romanized population in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romanians, Aromanians, Istro-Romanians and Megleno-Romanians, but since the creation of the Romanian state, this term was mostly used for the Vlachs living south of the Danube river. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Location in Norfolk County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Norfolk Settled 1638 Incorporated 1705 Government - Type Representative town meeting Area - Total 6. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... A Greek American is a citizen of the United States, who is of Greek heritage or descent. ... Spiro Theodore Agnew (November 9, 1918 â€“ September 17, 1996) was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States serving under President Richard M. Nixon, and the fifty-fifth Governor of Maryland. ...

Early career and family

Dukakis's father Panos (1896–1979) was a Greek from Asia Minor who settled in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1912 and graduated from Harvard Medical School twelve years later, subsequently working as an obstetrician. His mother Euterpe (née Boukis) (1903–2003) was a Greek immigrant from Larissa;^[2] she and her family emigrated to Haverhill, Massachusetts in 1913. She was a graduate of Bates College. Nickname: Motto: Art is the Handmaid of Human Good Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1653 Incorporated 1826 A city 1836 Government - Type Manager-City council - Mayor William F. Martin, Jr. ... Harvard Medical School (HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University. ... Obstetrics (from the Latin obstare, to stand by) is the surgical specialty dealing with the care of a woman and her offspring during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (the period shortly after birth). ... Larissa (Greek: Î›Î¬ÏÎ¹ÏƒÎ±, LÃ¡risa) is the capital city of the Thessaly periphery of Greece, and capital of the Larissa Prefecture. ... Location in Essex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Essex County Settled 1640 Incorporated 1641 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor James J. Fiorentini Area - City 35. ... Bates College is a private liberal arts college, founded in 1855 by abolitionists, located in Lewiston, Maine, in the United States. ...

Dukakis attended Brookline High School in his hometown.^[3] He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1955, served in the U.S. Army 1955–1957, stationed in Korea, and then received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1960. Dukakis is also an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America.^[4] 190. ... Swarthmore College is a private, independent, liberal arts college in the United States with an enrollment of about 1,450 students. ... The United States Army is the largest, and by some standards oldest, established branch of the armed forces of the United States and is one of seven uniformed services. ... This article is about the Korean civilization. ... J.D. redirects here. ... Harvard Law School (colloquially, Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. ... Eagle Scout is the highest rank attainable by a Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), and is also used as a title of a Scout who has achieved this honor. ... The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award, is a special award, awarded only to Eagle Scouts, for distinguished service in his profession or to the community for a period of at least 25 years after earning his Eagle Scout rank. ... For the Boy Scouting program within the BSA, see Boy Scouting (Boy Scouts of America). ...

Massachusetts Governor

After winning four terms to the Massachusetts House of Representatives between 1962 and 1970, Dukakis was elected governor in 1974, defeating the incumbent Republican Francis W. Sargent during a period of fiscal crisis. Dukakis won in part by promising to be a 'reformer' and pledging not to increase the state's sales tax to balance the state budget. He broke that pledge soon after taking office. He also had pledged to dismantle the powerful Metropolitan District Commission, a bureaucratic enclave that served as home to hundreds of political patronage employees. The MDC managed (some would say mismanaged) Massachusetts' parks, reservoirs, and waterways, as well as the highways and roads abutting those waterways. The MDC not only had its own police force, but its own navy as well, and an enormous budget from the State, for which it provided the most minimal accounting. The Dukakis pledge to dismantle MDC failed in the Legislature where MDC had many powerful supporters and ultimately came back to haunt Dukakis when the MDC withheld its critical backing in the 1978 gubernatorial primary (see below). The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of Massachusetts. ... This is a complete list of the governors of Massachusetts, including: governors of the Plymouth Colony, governors of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, presidents of the Dominion of New England, colonial governors of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Francis William Sargent (July 29, 1915 - October 21, 1998) was Governor of Massachusetts from 1969 to 1975. ...

Governor Dukakis was an amiable host to President Ford and Queen Elizabeth II during their visits to Boston in 1976 to commemorate the bicentennial of the United States. He gained some notoriety as the only person in the state government who went to work during the great Blizzard of 1978. During the storm, he went into local TV studios in a sweater to announce emergency bulletins. Dukakis is also remembered for his 1977 exoneration of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, two Italian anarchists whose trial sparked protests around the world, and who were electrocuted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts fifty years earlier in 1927. For other persons named Gerald Ford, see Gerald Ford (disambiguation). ... Elizabeth II in an official portrait as Queen of Canada (on the occasion of her Golden Jubilee in 2002, wearing the Sovereigns badges of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) (born 21 April 1926), styled HM The... The Blizzard of 1978 was a severe Noreaster that affected the New England area of the United States, and to a lesser but still significant extent the New York metropolitan area. ... Sacco (right) and Vanzetti Nicola Sacco (1891 - August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (1888 - August 23, 1927) were two Italian anarchists, who were arrested, tried, and executed in Massachusetts in the 1920s on charges of murder of a shoe factory paymaster named Frederick Parmenter and a security guard named Alesandro... Sacco (right) and Vanzetti Nicola Sacco (1891 - August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (1888 - August 23, 1927) were two Italian anarchists, who were arrested, tried, and executed in Massachusetts in the 1920s on charges of murder of a shoe factory paymaster named Frederick Parmenter and a security guard named Alesandro...

During his first term in office, Dukakis commuted the sentences of 21 first-degree murderers and those of 23 second-degree murderers. Due to controversy engendered by some of these individuals having re-offended, Dukakis curtailed the practice later, issuing no commutations in his last three years as governor.^[5] In Law, a commutation of sentence occurs when an executive head of government reduces a sentence for a criminal action. ...

However, this performance did not prove enough to offset a backlash against the state's high sales and property tax rates, which turned out to be the predominant issue in the 1978 gubernatorial campaign. Dukakis, despite being the incumbent Democratic governor, was refused re-nomination by his own party. The state Democratic Party machine supported Edward J. King in the primary partly because King rode the wave against high property taxes (along with the passing of a binding petition on the state ballot that limited property tax rates to 2 1/2% of the property valuation -- known as Proposition 2 1/2), but more significantly because State Democratic Party leaders lost confidence in Dukakis's ability to govern effectively. King also enjoyed the support of the powerbrokers at the MDC, who were unhappy with Dukakis's attempts to disempower and dismantle the powerful bureaucracy. King also had support from state police and public employee unions. Dukakis suffered a scathing defeat in the primary. It was "a public death," according to his wife Kitty. Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... For other uses, see Primary. ...

Yet, four years later ('after wandering in the wilderness' some said), having made peace with the state Democratic Party machine powerbrokers, MDC, the state police and public employee unions, Dukakis defeated King in a 're-match' in the 1982 Democratic primary. He went on to defeat his Republican opponent John Winthrop Sears, who was MDC Commissioner under Sargent, in the November election. Future Democratic Presidential nominee John Kerry was elected lieutenant governor on the same ballot with Dukakis, and served in the Dukakis administration from 1983-85. John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, in his fourth term of office. ... A Lieutenant Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ...

Dukakis served as governor again from 1983-91 (winning re-election in 1986 with more than 60 percent of the vote) during which time he presided over a high-tech boom and a period of prosperity in Massachusetts and simultaneously getting the reputation for being a 'technocrat'. The National Governors Association voted Dukakis the most effective governor in 1986. Residents of the city of Boston and its surrounding areas remember him for the improvements he made to Boston's mass transit system, especially major renovations to the city's trains and buses. He was known as the only governor who rode the subway to work every day. Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area - City 232. ... In the United States of America, transit describes local area common carrier passenger transportation configured to provide scheduled service on fixed routes on a non-reservation basis. ... The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) is a body politic and corporate, and a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts [2] formed in 1964 to finance and operate most bus, subway, commuter rail and ferry systems in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area. ... â€œMass Transitâ€ redirects here. ...

He made a cameo appearance in the medical drama St. Elsewhere (Season 3, Episode 15, "Bye, George," January 9, 1985). He limps to the hospital desk and says that he has suffered a jogging injury, but Dr. Fiscus (played by Howie Mandel) refuses to believe that he is the governor. St. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Howie Michael Mandel II (born November 29, 1955) is a Canadian comedian and actor, primarily for his roles on sitcoms and television. ...

Soon after his loss in the 1988 Presidential election to George H.W. Bush, the so-called 'Massachusetts Miracle' of prosperity also went bust, and Dukakis was little more than a 'lame duck' governor for his final two years in office. At the close of his tenure, Massachusetts was mired deeply in debt facing a budget shortfall of more than $1.5 billion.

Presidential candidate

Using the phenomenon termed the "Massachusetts Miracle" to promote his campaign, Dukakis sought the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States in the 1988 elections, prevailing over a primary field which included Jesse Jackson, Richard Gephardt, Gary Hart and Al Gore, among others. Dukakis's success at the primary level has been largely attributed to John Sasso, his campaign manager. Sasso, however, was among two aides dismissed (Paul Tully was the other one) when a video showing plagiarism by rival candidate Joseph Biden (D-Delaware) was made public and an embarrassed Biden was forced to withdraw from the race. This situation got uglier when Tully implied that it was Dick Gephardt's campaign (as opposed to Dukakis's campaign) that actually passed along the damaging information on Biden. The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties. ... Massachusetts Miracle refers to a period of economic growth in the state of Massachusetts during most of the 1980s. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... The election was held on November 8, 1988. ... Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. ... Richard Andrew Gephardt (born January 31, 1941) served as a U.S. Representative from Missouri from 1977 until January 3, 2005. ... For other persons named Gary Hart, see Gary Hart (disambiguation). ... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... John Sasso is an American Democrat political operative, born in Massachusetts. ... Senator Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

Despite the claims that Dukakis always "turned the other cheek," he did run a particularly effective commercial against rival Dick Gephardt that featured a tumbler doing somersaults while the announcer said, "Dick Gephardt has been flip-flopping over the issues." Dukakis finished third in the Iowa caucuses and then became the first candidate to ever win a contested New Hampshire primary by more than ten points with Gephardt finishing second. Dukakis finished first in Minnesota and second in South Dakota before winning five states on March 8, 1988, the "Super Tuesday" primaries. As his competition continued to fade, Dukakis wound up with a seven-week stretch of one-on-one elections between himself and civil rights leader Jesse Jackson. Dukakis lost the Michigan caucus to Jackson but then prevailed by margins of two to one in Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, California, and New Jersey, clinching the nomination on June 7, 1988. Since 1976, the Iowa caucus has been the first indication of which candidate for President of the United States would win the nomination of his or her political party at that partys national convention. ... The New Hampshire primary is the first in a series of nationwide political party primary elections held in the United States every four years, as part of the process of choosing the Democratic and Republican nominees for the presidential elections to be held the subsequent November. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... In the United States, Super Tuesday commonly refers to a Tuesday in early March of a presidential election year. ... Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Touching on his immigrant roots, Dukakis used Neil Diamond's ode to immigrants "America" as the theme song for his campaign. Famed composer John Williams wrote "Fanfare for Michael Dukakis" in 1988 at the request of Dukakis's father-in-law Harry Ellis Dickson. The piece was premiered under the baton of Dickson (then the Associated Conductor of the Boston Pops) at that year's Democratic National Convention in Atlanta. During the general election campaign, Vice President George H. W. Bush, the Republican nominee, criticized Dukakis for his traditionally liberal positions on many issues. These included Dukakis's statement during the primary season that he was "a card-carrying member of" the American Civil Liberties Union, his veto of legislation requiring public school teachers to lead pupils in the Pledge of Allegiance, and his opposition to the resumption of capital punishment in the United States. Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and occasional actor. ... America (also known as Theyre Coming To America or Coming To America) is the name of a patriotic song written and originally recorded by Neil Diamond, released in 1980 as part of the The Jazz Singer soundtrack album. ... For other persons named John Williams, see John Williams (disambiguation). ... The 1988 National Convention of the U.S. Democratic Party was held at The Omni in Atlanta, Georgia from July 18â€“21, 1988 to select a candidate for the 1988 United States presidential election. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an American organization consisting of two separate entities: the ACLU Foundation, a non-profit organization that focuses on litigation and communication efforts, and the American Civil Liberties Union which focuses on legislative lobbying and does not have non-profit status. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Pledge of Allegiance to the United States flag is an oath of loyalty to the country. ... Capital punishment is the legal process which ends the life of a felon. ...

Dukakis had trouble with the personality that he projected to the voting public. His reserved and stoic nature was easily interpreted to be a lack of passion (which went against the ethnic stereotype of his Greek-American heritage). Dukakis was often referred to as "Zorba the Clerk." Nevertheless, Dukakis is considered to have done well in the first presidential debate with George Bush. In the second debate, Dukakis had been suffering from the flu and spent quite a bit of the day in bed. His performance was poor and played to his reputation as being cold. A Greek American is a citizen of the United States, who is of Greek heritage or descent. ...

During the campaign, Dukakis's mental health became an issue when he refused to release his full medical history and there were, according to The New York Times, "persistent suggestions" that he had undergone psychiatric treatment in the past. The issue even caused then President Ronald Reagan, when asked whether the Democratic Presidential nominee should make his medical records public, to quip with a grin: "Look, I'm not going to pick on an invalid." Twenty minutes later, Reagan stated that he "attempted to make a joke in response to a question" and that "I think I was kidding, but I don't think I should have said what I said." Reagan continued, "I do believe that the medical history of a President is something that people have a right to know, and I speak from personal experience." Dr. Gerald R. Plotkin, Dukakis' physician since 1970, stated that "[Dukakis] has had no psychological symptoms, complaints or treatment."^[6]

Views on capital punishment

The issue of capital punishment came up in the October 13, 1988 debate between the two presidential nominees. Because she knew the Willie Horton issue would be brought up, Dukakis's campaign manager Susan Estrich had prepared with Bill Clinton an answer highlighting the candidate's empathy for victims of crime, noting the beating of his father in a robbery and the death of his brother in a hit-and-run car accident. However, when Bernard Shaw, the moderator of the debate, asked Dukakis, "Governor, if Kitty Dukakis [his wife] were raped and murdered, would you favor an irrevocable death penalty for the killer?" Dukakis replied coolly, "No, I don't, and I think you know that I've opposed the death penalty during all of my life," and explained his stance. After the debate, Dukakis told Estrich he was sorry and didn't realize it was that question^[7]. Many observers felt Dukakis' answer lacked the passion one would expect of a person discussing a loved one's rape and death. Many — including the candidate himself — believe that this, in part, cost Dukakis the election, as his poll numbers dropped from 49% to 42% nationally that night. Other commentators thought the question itself was unfair, in that it injected an irrelevant emotional element into the discussion of a policy issue. is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Willie Hortons mugshot on the Weekend Passes ad William R. Horton (born August 12, 1951 in Chesterfield, South Carolina) is a convicted felon who was the subject of a Massachusetts weekend furlough program that released him while serving a life sentence for murder, without the possibility of parole, providing... Rape victim Susan Estrich (born Susan Estrich December 16, 1952) is a lawyer, professor, author, political operative, feminist advocate and commentator for Fox News who was raped. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Bernard Shaw was a leading news anchor for the Cable News Network from 1980 to his retirement in 2001. ... Katharine Dickson Dukakis (born December 26, 1936), known as Kitty Dukakis, is the wife of former Massachusetts governor and presidential candidate Michael Dukakis. ...

Prison furlough program issue

The most controversial criticism against Dukakis involved his support for a prison furlough program. This initiative (begun before he became governor, though didn't yet include convicted murderers serving sentences without parole, and ended by the legislature during his last term) resulted in the release of convicted murderer William Horton (dubbed Willie Horton by the Bush camp), who committed a rape and assault in Maryland after being furloughed. Al Gore was the first candidate to publicly raise the furlough issue and asked about "weekend passes for convicted criminals" in a debate held in New York prior to the Democratic primary in that state, although Gore never mentioned Horton by name, or that he had broken into a house, raped a woman and beaten her husband. Look up Furlough in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A furlough (IPA: ) is temporary leave of absence, especially from duty in the armed services or from a prison term. ... Willie Hortons mugshot on the Weekend Passes ad William R. Horton (born August 12, 1951 in Chesterfield, South Carolina) is a convicted felon who was the subject of a Massachusetts weekend furlough program that released him while serving a life sentence for murder, without the possibility of parole, providing... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Largest metro area Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 kmÂ²) - Width 101 miles (145 km) - Length 249 miles (400 km) - % water 21 - Latitude 37Â° 53â€² N to 39Â° 43â€² N... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... This article is about the state. ...

George H. W. Bush mentioned Horton by name in a speech in June 1988 and his campaign brought up the Horton case. A conservative political action committee affiliated with the Bush campaign, the National Security Political Action Committee, aired an ad entitled "Weekend Passes" which used a mug shot image of Horton. The Bush campaign refused to repudiate it. That ad campaign was followed by a separate Bush campaign ad, "Revolving Door", criticizing Dukakis over the furlough program without mentioning Horton. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... In the United States, a political action committee, or PAC, is the name commonly given to a private group organized to elect or defeat government officials in order to promote legislation, often supporting the groups special interests. ... Al Capone. ... Generally speaking, advertising is the paid promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas by an identified sponsor. ... Revolving Door is a famous negative television commercial made for the 1988 United States Presidential Campaign. ...

The Pledge of Allegiance issue

The Bush campaign also criticized Dukakis for vetoing a bill that would have required recitation of the pledge of allegiance in Massachusetts classrooms. Dukakis felt the law was unconstitutional. (The Supreme Court held that compulsory recitation of the Pledge was unconstitutional in the 1943 case, West Virginia v. Barnette.) The Pledge of Allegiance to the United States flag is an oath of loyalty to the country. ... The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS[1]) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ... Holding The Free Speech clause of the First Amendment prohibits public schools from forcing students to salute the American flag and say the Pledge of Allegiance. ...

Public relations failure: The "Tank/Helmet" disaster

Dukakis has been blamed for allowing "liberal" to come to be considered a derogatory term. He was criticized during the campaign for a perceived softness on defense issues, particularly the controversial "Star Wars" SDI program, which Dukakis promised to scale down (although not cancel). In response to this, Dukakis orchestrated what would become the key image of his campaign, albeit not for the reasons he intended. In September 1988, Dukakis visited the General Dynamics plant in Michigan to take part in a photo op in an M1 Abrams tank. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, had been photographed in a similar situation in 1986, riding in a Challenger tank while wearing a scarf; ^[8] although somewhat out of character, the image was effective and helped Thatcher's re-election prospects. Dukakis's "tank moment" was much less successful. ^[9] Footage of Dukakis was used in television ads by the Bush campaign, as evidence that Dukakis would not make a good commander-in-chief, and "Dukakis in the tank" remains shorthand for backfired public relations outings. Although he served in the U.S. Army, Dukakis was widely mocked for what was perceived as martial posturing. Image File history File linksMetadata Michael_Dukakis_in_tank. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Michael_Dukakis_in_tank. ... This article discusses the history and development of various notions of liberalism in the United States. ... A word or phrase is pejorative or derogatory (sometimes misspelled perjorative) if it expresses contempt or disapproval; dyslogistic (noun: dyslogism) is used synonymously (antonyms: meliorative, eulogistic, noun eulogism). ... The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a proposal by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983[1] to use ground and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. ... General Dynamics Corporation (NYSE: GD) is a defense conglomerate formed by mergers and divestitures, and as of 2006 it is the sixth largest defense contractor in the world[2]. The company has changed markedly in the post-Cold War era of defense consolidation. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... A photo op, short for photo opportunity, is a carefully planned human event that results in a memorable and effective photograph. ... The M1 Abrams is a military tank produced in the United States. ... The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is, in practice, the political leader of the United Kingdom. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (nÃ©e Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 until 1990, being the first and only woman to hold either post. ... The British FV4030/4 Challenger 1 was the main battle tank (MBT) of the British Army from 1983 until it was superseded by the Challenger 2. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... For the Arrested Development episode, see Public Relations (Arrested Development episode). ...

Election defeat

Dukakis's vice-presidential candidate was Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas. The Dukakis/Bentsen ticket lost the election in an electoral college landslide to George HW Bush, carrying only 10 states and the District of Columbia. Dukakis himself blames his defeat on the time he spent doing gubernatorial work in Massachusetts during the few weeks following the Democratic Convention. Many believed he should have been campaigning across the country. During this time, his 17-point lead in opinion polls completely disappeared as his lack of visibility allowed Bush to define the issues of the campaign. The Vice President of the United States[1] (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS,[2] Veep, or VP) is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... This article is about Electoral Colleges in general. ... ...

Despite Dukakis's loss, his performance was a marked improvement over the previous two Democratic efforts. Dukakis made some strong showings in states that had voted for Republicans Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford. He also scored victories in states like Rhode Island, Hawaii, and Dukakis's home state of Massachusetts; Walter Mondale had lost all three, and since then, all three states have remained in the Democratic column for each subsequent presidential election. He swept Iowa, winning it by ten points: an impressive feat in a state that had voted Republican in the last five elections. He got 43% of the vote in Kansas, a surprising showing in the home state of 1936 Republican Presidential nominee Alf Landon and future Republican nominee Bob Dole. In another surprising showing, he received 47% of the vote in South Dakota. In Montana, Dukakis racked up a close 46% of the vote in a state that had gone over 60% Republican four years earlier. Dukakis's relative strength in farm states was no doubt due to the serious economic difficulties these states were facing in the 1980s and it was the strongest showing in the Midwest for a Democrat since 1976. This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Walter Frederick Fritz Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (largely established by former Vice President Hubert Humphrey). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Alf Landon Alfred Mossman Alf Landon (September 9, 1887 â€“ October 12, 1987) was an American Republican politician from Kansas, who was defeated in a landslide by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential election. ... Â§ Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... Official language(s) English Demonym South Dakotan Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area Ranked 17th in the US - Total 77,116[1] sq mi (199,905 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 380 miles (610 km) - % water 1. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Although Dukakis cut into the Republican hold in the Midwest, he failed to dent the emerging GOP stronghold in the South that had been forming since 1964 with a temporary reprieve with Jimmy Carter. He lost most of the South in a landslide, with Bush's totals reaching around 60% in most states. He was able to hold Bush to 55% in Texas, though this may have been due to Lloyd Bentsen's presence on the ticket. He also carried most of the southern-central parishes of Louisiana, despite losing the state. He held onto the border state of West Virginia, and he captured 48% of the vote in Missouri. He also carried 41% in Oklahoma, a bigger share than any Democrat since Jimmy Carter. Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Demonym West Virginian Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Largest metro area Charleston metro area Area Ranked 41st in the US - Total 24,230 sq mi (62,755 kmÂ²) - Width 130 miles (210 km) - Length 240 miles (385 km) - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ...

In the Rust Belt, Dukakis also performed poorly, though he lost some states by close margins. He lost Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, and New Jersey. He won his home state of Massachusetts by only eight points, perhaps due to the unrelenting criticism of his record as governor. Dukakis's performance in the traditionally Democratic Northeast was also poor: he lost Maryland, Delaware, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Maine. The only other New England state he won was Rhode Island. Dukakis' biggest prize was winning New York, the second-largest state in the electoral college. In the Pacific Northwest, Dukakis did much better, capturing both Washington and Oregon but losing California and Alaska. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1182x635, 110 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: United States presidential election, 1988 ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1182x635, 110 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: United States presidential election, 1988 ... Manufacturing Belt, highlighted in red The Rust Belt, a term coined from Manufacturing Belt, is an area in parts of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States of America. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Largest metro area Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 kmÂ²) - Width 101 miles (145 km) - Length 249 miles (400 km) - % water 21 - Latitude 37Â° 53â€² N to 39Â° 43â€² N... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see New Hampshire (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Demonym Connecticuter or Connecticutian[2] Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[3] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[4] Area Ranked 48th in the US - Total 5,543[5] sq mi (14,356 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (113 km) - Length 110 miles (177 km... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area Ranked 39th - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (338 km) - Length 320 miles (515 km) - % water 13. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the state. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S state. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ...

Dukakis won 41,809,476 votes in the popular vote. He also received 40% or more in the following states: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina and Vermont.

Overall, the 1988 election showed a marked improvement in the popular vote for the Democrats. While he lost the popular vote, Dukakis' margin of loss(7.8%) was narrower than Jimmy Carter's in 1980 (9.7%) or Walter Mondale's in 1984(18.2%).

Subsequent activities

His final two years as governor were marked by increased criticism of his policies and by significant tax increases to cover expanded government and the economic effects of the U.S. economy's "soft landing" at the end of the 1980s and the recession of 1990. He did not run for a fourth term in 1990; Boston University President John Silber won the Democratic nomination, and lost the general election to William Weld. For the similarly named institution in Chestnut Hill, see Boston College. ... John Robert Silber (born August 15, 1926 in San Antonio, Texas) is a controversial former president of Boston University. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

After the end of his term, he served on the board of directors for Amtrak, and became a professor of political science at Northeastern University in Massachusetts, visiting professor of political science at Loyola Marymount University, and visiting professor in the Department of Public Policy at the School of Public Affairs at UCLA. He continued to talk in media interviews about the "negative" 1988 Bush campaign, beginning with his press conference on the day after the election, continuing throughout Bush's term, and even subsequent to Bush's defeat in the 1992 election. Chairman of the Board redirects here. ... Vermonter at the Brattleboro, Vermont, station, 18 March 2004. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Political Science is the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behaviour. ... Northeastern University, occasionally abbreviated as NU or NEU, is a top-tier private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. ... Loyola Marymount University (LMU) is a comprehensive co-educational private Roman Catholic Jesuit university in Los Angeles, California, USA. The University is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities and one of five Marymount institutions of higher education. ... The University of California, Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Los Angeles, California, United States. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ...

Dukakis has recently developed a strong passion for grassroots campaigning and the appointment of precinct captains to coordinate local campaigning activities, two strategies he feels are essential for the Democratic Party to compete effectively in both local and national elections. In 2006 he and Kitty worked to help Democratic candidate Deval Patrick in his efforts to become governor of Massachusetts. He also has taken a strong role in advocating for effective public transportation and high speed rail as a solution to automobile congestion and the lack of space at airports. He has recently been an advocate for the extended learning time initiative in public schools.^[10] A grassroots movement (often referenced in the context of a political movement) is one driven by the constituents of a community. ... Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is a politician and the current Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ...

Family

Dukakis is married to Katherine D. (Kitty) Dukakis. The couple's children are John, Andrea and Kara. The Dukakises continue to reside in Michael's boyhood home in Brookline, Massachusetts, but live in Los Angeles, California during the winter while he teaches at UCLA. Katharine Dickson Dukakis (born December 26, 1936), known as Kitty Dukakis, is the wife of former Massachusetts governor and presidential candidate Michael Dukakis. ... Location in Norfolk County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Norfolk Settled 1638 Incorporated 1705 Government - Type Representative town meeting Area - Total 6. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ...

He is the cousin of actress Olympia Dukakis. Olympia Dukakis (Greek: ÎŸÎ»Ï…Î¼Ï€Î¯Î± Î”Î¿Ï…ÎºÎ¬ÎºÎ·; born June 20, 1931) is an Academy Award-winning American actress. ...

In popular culture

Donnie Darko is a 2001 drama/psychological thriller/science fiction film written and directed by Richard Kelly The film had a small opening upon its release in the United States, but gained newfound popularity upon its DVD release and a cult following over the years. ... The Naked Gun 2 1/2: The Smell of Fear is a 1991 comedy movie which stars Leslie Nielsen as the comically bumbling Police Lt. ... For other uses, see Titanic (disambiguation). ... On May 6, 1937 at 19:25, the German zeppelin LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was utterly destroyed within a minute while attempting to dock with its mooring mast at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey. ... The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was a major earthquake at San Francisco, California on the early morning of Wednesday, April 18, 1906. ... 1959 Edsel photographed in 2004 The Edsel, a then-new make of automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company, was introduced amidst a considerable amount of publicity on September 4, 1957. ... The De Lorean DMC-12 was a sports car made by the De Lorean Motor Company from 1981 to 1983. ... The Hubble Space Telescope (HST; also known colloquially as the Hubble or just Hubble) is a space telescope that was carried into Earth orbit by the Space Shuttle in April 1990. ... This article is about the British Prime Minister. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... Two Cars in Every Garage and Three Eyes on Every Fish is the fourth episode of The Simpsons second season. ... This article is about the television series. ... A Taste of Freedom is the fifth episode of the fourth production season of Futurama. ... This article is about the television series. ... The Luck of the Fryrish is the fourth episode in season three of Futurama. ... Philip J. Fry Philip J. Fry is the central character of the television series Futurama. ...

References

The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Boston Herald is a tabloid format newspaper, though not a tabloid in the traditional sense, and is the smaller of the two big dailies in Boston, Massachusetts (the other being The Boston Globe). ... The Orange County Register is a daily newspaper published in Santa Ana, California. ...

Electoral history

Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1974^[1] Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ...

Democratic Massachusetts gubernatorial primary, 1978^[2] Francis William Sargent (July 29, 1915 - October 21, 1998) was Governor of Massachusetts from 1969 to 1975. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

Democratic Massachusetts gubernatorial primary, 1982^[3] Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1982^[4] Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

Democratic Massachusetts gubernatorial primary, 1986^[5] Frank Rich (born June 2, 1949 in Washington, D.C.) is a columnist for The New York Times who focuses on American politics and popular culture. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1986^[6] Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

1988 Democratic National Convention^[8] George S. Kariotis (born 1923) is a businessman who was the Republican Party nominee for Governor of Massachusetts in 1986. ... The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties. ... Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. ... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... Richard Andrew Dick Gephardt (born January 31, 1941) is senior counsel at the global law firm DLA Piper and a former prominent American politician of the Democratic Party. ... Paul Martin Simon (November 29, 1928 - December 9, 2003) was an American politician from Illinois. ... For other persons named Gary Hart, see Gary Hart (disambiguation). ... The 1988 National Convention of the U.S. Democratic Party was held at The Omni in Atlanta, Georgia from July 18â€“21, 1988 to select a candidate for the 1988 United States presidential election. ...

United States presidential election, 1988 Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. ... Richard Howard Stallings (born October 7, 1940) is a Democratic politician from the state of Idaho. ... Biden redirects here. ... Richard Andrew Dick Gephardt (born January 31, 1941) is senior counsel at the global law firm DLA Piper and a former prominent American politician of the Democratic Party. ... Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. ... For other persons named Gary Hart, see Gary Hart (disambiguation). ... The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties. ...

George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... James Danforth[1][2] Dan Quayle (born February 4, 1947) is an American politician and a former Senator from the state of Indiana. ... Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. ... Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. ... A faithless elector is a member of the United States Electoral College who casts an electoral vote for someone other than the person whom they have pledged to elect. ... Ronald Ernest Ron Paul (b. ... Andre V. Marrou (born 4 December American political figure, affiliated with the United States Libertarian Party. ... Lenora Branch Fulani (b. ...

Further reading

David Nyhan (1940-2005) was a famed journalist and biographer whose op-ed column ran in The Boston Globe newspaper for many years. ... Beacon Press, founded in 1854 and a department of the Unitarian Universalist Association, operates as a book publisher in the United States of America. ... She has appeared as a panelist on the CNN political programs Inside Politics and The Capital Gang, is on the staff at Time Magazine and writes a weekly column for the Los Angeles Times. ...

External links

Francis William Sargent (July 29, 1915 - October 21, 1998) was Governor of Massachusetts from 1969 to 1975. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kevin Hagan White (born September 25, 1929 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American politician best known as the longest-serving Mayor of Boston, a position he held from 1968 to 1984. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Every four years, Massachusetts holds state-wide elections for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, and Treasurer. ... Every four years, Massachusetts holds state-wide elections for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, and Treasurer. ... John Robert Silber (born August 15, 1926 in San Antonio, Texas) is a controversial former president of Boston University. ... Walter Frederick Fritz Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (largely established by former Vice President Hubert Humphrey). ... This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the modern Democratic Party of the United States. ... The election was held on November 8, 1988. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the modern Democratic Party of the United States. ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ... 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For the 1960s commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, see George McClellan (police commissioner). ... Governor Horatio Seymour Horatio Seymour (May 31, 1810 - February 12, 1886) was an American politician. ... Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 â€“ November 29, 1872) was an American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder of the Liberal Republican Party, reformer and politician. ... Samuel Jones Tilden (February 9, 1814 - August 4, 1886) was the Democratic candidate for the US presidency in the disputed election of 1876, the most controversial American election of the 19th century. ... Winfield Scott Hancock (February 14, 1824 â€“ February 9, 1886) was a career U.S. Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837â€“June 24, 1908), was the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. ... For other persons of the same name, see William Bryan. ... Alton Brooks Parker (May 14, 1852 â€“ May 10, 1926) was an American lawyer and judge and a U.S. presidential candidate in the 1904 elections. ... For other persons of the same name, see William Bryan. ... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856â€”February 3, 1924), was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. ... James Middleton Cox (March 31, 1870 â€“ July 15, 1957) was a Governor of Ohio, U.S. Representative from Ohio and Democratic candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1920. ... John W. Davis John William Davis (April 13, 1873 â€” March 24, 1955) was an American politician and lawyer. ... Alfred Emanuel Al Smith (December 30, 1873 â€“ October 4, 1944) was Governor of New York, and Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. ... FDR redirects here. ... For other persons named Harry Truman, see Harry Truman (disambiguation). ... 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John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, in his fourth term of office. ... â€œBarackâ€ redirects here. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... A map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Capital Charlestown, Boston History - Established 1629 - New England Confederation 1643 - Dominion of New England 1686 - Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692 - Disestablished 1692 The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on... John Endecott (c. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8â€“26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576â€“July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... Gov. ... Sir Henry Vane (1613 - June 14, 1662), son of Henry Vane the Elder, served as a statesman and Member of Parliament in a career spanning England and Massachusetts. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8â€“26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576â€“July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... Richard Bellingham (1592 - December 7, 1672) was a colonial magistrate, laywer, and several-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8â€“26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... John Endecott (c. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576â€“July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8â€“26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... John Endecott (c. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576â€“July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Endecott (c. ... Richard Bellingham (1592 - December 7, 1672) was a colonial magistrate, laywer, and several-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Endecott (c. ... Richard Bellingham (1592 - December 7, 1672) was a colonial magistrate, laywer, and several-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Leverett (1616 - March 16, 1679) was a colonial magistrate, merchant, soldier and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony John Leverett was born, perhaps, in Boston, England. ... Simon Bradstreet (March 18, 1603–March 27, 1697) was a colonial magistrate, businessman and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... The Dominion of New England was the name of a short-lived administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America. ... Joseph Dudley (September 23, 1647 - April 2, 1720), colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1702 to 1715, the son of Thomas Dudley, was born and died in Roxbury, Massachusetts. ... Sir Edmund Andros Sir Edmund Andros (December 6, 1637 - February 24, 1714), was an early colonial governor in North America, and head of the short-lived Dominion of New England. ... Simon Bradstreet (March 18, 1603–March 27, 1697) was a colonial magistrate, businessman and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a crown colony organized October 7, 1691 in North America by the monarch of England. ... Sir William Phips (or Phipps) (February 2, 1651 â€“ February 18, 1695) was a colonial governor of Massachusetts. ... William Stoughton (30 September 1631 â€“ 7 July 1701) was in charge of what has come to be known as the Salem Witch Trials, first as the Chief Magistrate of the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692, and then as the Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature... Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, (1636â€“5 March 1701) was colonial governor of New York from 1698 to 1701 and of Massachusetts from 1699 to 1700. ... William Stoughton (30 September 1631 â€“ 7 July 1701) was in charge of what has come to be known as the Salem Witch Trials, first as the Chief Magistrate of the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692, and then as the Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Joseph Dudley (September 23, 1647 - April 2, 1720), colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1702 to 1715, the son of Thomas Dudley, was born and died in Roxbury, Massachusetts. ... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Joseph Dudley (September 23, 1647 - April 2, 1720), colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1702 to 1715, the son of Thomas Dudley, was born and died in Roxbury, Massachusetts. ... William Tailer (1676 - March 8, 1732) was the son of Bostonian William Tailer and a Colonial-era politician. ... Samuel Shute (January 12, 1662 - April 15, 1742) was born in London. ... William Dummer was born in Newbury, Massachusetts in 1677, and died there on October 10, 1761. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into William Burnet (1688-1728). ... William Dummer was born in Newbury, Massachusetts in 1677, and died there on October 10, 1761. ... William Tailer (1676 - March 8, 1732) was the son of Bostonian William Tailer and a Colonial-era politician. ... Jonathan Belcher (1682-1757) was colonial governor of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New Jersey. ... William Shirley (1694-1771) William Shirley (1694-1771) was the British governor of Massachusetts from 1741 to 1759. ... Spencer Phips (1685â€“April, 1757) took office twice as acting Governor of Massachusetts in the absence of William Shirley. ... William Shirley (1694-1771) William Shirley (1694-1771) was the British governor of Massachusetts from 1741 to 1759. ... Spencer Phips (1685â€“April, 1757) took office twice as acting Governor of Massachusetts in the absence of William Shirley. ... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Thomas Pownall (1722 - February 25, 1805), British colonial statesman and soldier, was born at Saltfleetby, Lincolnshire, England. ... Sir Francis Bernard (1712-1779) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor in New Jersey and Massachusetts. ... Thomas Gage (1719 â€“ April 2, 1787) was a British general and commander in chief of the North American forces from 1763 to 1775 during the early days of the American Revolution. ... State nickname: Bay State Other U.S. States Capital Boston Largest city Boston Governor Mitt Romney Official languages English Area 27,360 km² (44th) - Land 20,317 km² - Water 7,043 km² (25. ... John Hancock (January 23 [O.S. January 12] 1737â€“ October 8, 1793) was President of the Second Continental Congress and of the Congress of the Confederation, the first Governor of Massachusetts, and the first person to sign the United States Declaration of Independence. ... Thomas Cushing (March 24, 1725 â€“ February 28, 1788) was an American lawyer and statesman from Boston, Massachusetts. ... James Bowdoin (August 7, 1726 â€“ November 6, 1790) was an American political and intellectual leader from Boston, Massachusetts during the American Revolution. ... John Hancock (January 23 [O.S. January 12] 1737â€“ October 8, 1793) was President of the Second Continental Congress and of the Congress of the Confederation, the first Governor of Massachusetts, and the first person to sign the United States Declaration of Independence. ... For other uses, see Samuel Adams (disambiguation). ... Increase Sumner (November 27, 1746 â€“ June 7, 1799) was a U.S. political figure. ... Moses Gill (1746 - May 20, 1800) was a U.S. political figure. ... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Caleb Strong (January 9, 1745 - November 7, 1819) was a U.S. political figure. ... For the Olympic athlete, see James P. Sullivan. ... Levi Lincoln, Sr. ... Christopher Gore (September 21, 1758 - March 1, 1827) was a prominent Massachusetts lawyer, Federalist politician, and diplomat. ... Elbridge Thomas Gerry (pronounced ) (July 17, 1744 â€“ November 23, 1814) was an American statesman and diplomat. ... Caleb Strong (January 9, 1745 - November 7, 1819) was a U.S. political figure. ... John Brooks, Jr. ... William Eustis (June 10, 1753â€“February 6, 1825) was an early American statesman. ... Marcus Morton, painted c. ... Levi Lincoln, Jr. ... John Davis (January 13, 1787 â€“ April 19, 1854) was an American lawyer and politician. ... Samuel Turell Armstrong (1784 - 1850) was a U.S. political figure. ... Edward Everett (April 11, 1794 â€“ January 15, 1865) was a Whig Party politician from Massachusetts. ... Marcus Morton, painted c. ... John Davis (January 13, 1787 â€“ April 19, 1854) was an American lawyer and politician. ... Marcus Morton, painted c. ... George N. Briggs was a member of the Whig Party and seven-term Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, from 1844 to 1851. ... George Sewall Boutwell (January 28, 1818–February 27, 1905) was an American statesman who served as U.S. Treasury Secretary under President Ulysses S. Grant. ... John H. Clifford was Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for a single term, from 1853 to 1854. ... Emory Washburn (1800â€“1877) was a United States political figure. ... Nathaniel P. Banks, engraving from a Mathew Brady Carte de visite Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss)[1] Banks (January 30, 1816 â€“ September 1, 1894), American politician and soldier, served as Governor of Massachusetts, Speaker of the House of the United States House of Representatives, and as a Union general in the... John Albion Andrew (1818 - 1867) was a U.S. political figure. ... Alexander Hamilton Bullock (March 2, 1816â€“January 17, 1882) was Governor of Massachusetts from 1866 to 1868. ... William Claflin (1818-1905) was an industrialist and philanthropist who served as Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1869-1872 and as a member of Congress from 1877-1881. ... William Barrett Washburn (January 31, 1820â€“October 5, 1887) was an American politician from Massachusetts, serving in the United States House of Representatives and as Governor of Massachusetts. ... Thomas Talbot (September 7, 1818 â€“ October 6, 1886) was a governor of Massachusetts. ... William Gaston (1820-1894) was Governor of Massachusetts in 1875-1876. ... Alexander Hamilton Rice (August 30, 1818 â€“ July 22, 1895) was Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts from 1856-1857, a U.S. Congressman during the American Civil War, and the Governor of Massachusetts from 1876â€“78. ... Thomas Talbot (September 7, 1818 â€“ October 6, 1886) was a governor of Massachusetts. ... John Davis Long (October 27, 1838â€“August 28, 1915) was a U.S. political figure. ... Benjamin Franklin Butler (November 5, 1818 â€“ January 11, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and later served as its governor. ... George Dexter Robinson (born George Washington Robinson) (January 20, 1834â€“February 22, 1896) was born in Lexington, Massachusetts. ... Oliver Ames (February 4, 1831 - October 22, 1895) was a U.S. political figure. ... John Quincy Adams Brackett (June 8, 1842â€“April 6, 1918) was born in Bradford, New Hampshire to Ambrose S. Brackett and Nancy (Brown) Brackett. ... William Eustis Russell (January 6, 1857 - July 16, 1896) was a U.S. political figure. ... Frederic Thomas Greenhalge (born Greenhalgh) (July 19, 1842â€“March 5, 1896) was born in Clitheroe, England and immigrated with his parents to the United States in early childhood. ... Roger Wolcott (September 2, 1847 - December 21, 1900) was a significant U.S. political figure. ... Winthrop Murray Crane (April 23, 1853 â€“ October 2, 1920) was a U.S. political figure. ... John Lewis Bates (September 18, 1859â€“June 8, 1946) was born in North Easton, Massachusetts to Rev. ... William Lewis Douglas (1845 - 1924) was a U.S. political figure. ... Curtis Guild, Jr. ... Ebenezer Sumner Draper (1858 - 1915) was a U.S. political figure. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. ... David Ignatius Walsh (November 11, 1872 - June 11, 1947) was a United States politician from Massachusetts. ... Samuel Walker McCall (February 28, 1851 - November 4, 1923) was Governor of Massachusetts. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Channing Harris Cox (October 28, 1879 _ August 20, 1968) was a Massachusetts Republican politician and Governor born in Manchester, New Hampshire. ... Alvan Tufts Fuller (February 27, 1878-April 30, 1958) was an American political figure, and Governor of Massachusetts from 1925 until 1929. ... Frank G. Allen (October 6, 1874-October 5, 1950) was a governor of the state of Massachusetts. ... Joseph Buell Ely (February 22, 1881-June 13, 1956) was a governor of the state of Massachusetts. ... James Michael Curley (November 20, 1874-November 12, 1958) was an American political figure who served in the United States House of Representatives, as the mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, and as governor of Massachusetts. ... Charles Francis Hurley (November 24, 1893-March 24, 1946) was a governor of the state of Massachusetts. ... Leverett A. Saltonstall (September 1, 1892 â€“ June 17, 1979) was an American politician who served as Governor of Massachusetts (1939 - 1945) and as a United States Senator (1945 - 1967). ... Maurice Joseph Tobin (May 22, 1901â€“July 19, 1953) was a Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, and U.S. Secretary of Labor. ... Robert Fiske Bradford (December 15, 1902–March 18, 1983) was an American politician who served one term as Governor of Massachusetts, from 1947 to 1949. ... Paul Andrew Dever (January 15, 1903 - April 11, 1958) was a Democratic politician from Boston, Massachusetts. ... For the American physician (1865â€“1910), see Christian Archibald Herter (physician). ... John Foster Furcolo (July 29, 1911 - July 5, 1995) was born in New Haven, Connecticut. ... John Anthony Volpe (December 8, 1908 - November 11, 1994) was a Governor of Massachusetts and a U.S. Secretary of Transportation. ... For his grandfather, the educator, see Endicott Peabody (educator). ... John Anthony Volpe (December 8, 1908 - November 11, 1994) was a Governor of Massachusetts and a U.S. Secretary of Transportation. ... Francis William Sargent (July 29, 1915 - October 21, 1998) was Governor of Massachusetts from 1969 to 1975. ... Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Paul Cellucci Argeo Paul Cellucci (born April 24, 1948) better known as Paul Cellucci, is an American politician and diplomat, former Governor of Massachusetts, and former Ambassador to Canada. ... Jane Maria Swift (born February 24, 1965) is an American politician from Melrose, Massachusetts. ... Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) was the 70th Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is a politician and the current Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ...

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Early career and family var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};