Sir Michael Eliot Howard, OM, CH, KBE, MC (born 29 November 1922) is a retired British military historian, formerly Chichele Professor of the History of War and Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University. A former British Army officer, Howard fought in the Italian Campaign during the Second World War with the Coldstream Guards. He was twice wounded and won a Military Cross at Salerno. For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order (decoration). ... [[LinItalic textItalic textBold text--144. ... Military Cross The Military Cross is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army, and formerly also to officers of the armies of other Commonwealth countries, for distinguished and meritorious services in battle. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Military history is the recording (in writing or otherwise) of the events in the history of humanity that fall within the category of conflict. ... The Chichele Professorships are statutory professorships at the University of Oxford named in honour of Henry Chichele (also spelt Chicheley or Checheley, although the spelling of the academic position is consistently Chichele), an Archbishop of Canterbury and founder of All Souls College, Oxford, fellowship of that College accompanying the award... The Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford is an old-established professorial position. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The Italian Campaign of World War II was the name of Allied operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to the end of the war. ... Combatants Allies: • Soviet Union, • UK & Commonwealth, • USA, • France/Free France, • China, • Poland, • ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Japan, • Italy, • ...and others Commanders Strength Casualties Full list Full list World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a large scale military conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. ... The Coldstream Guards is a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division. ... Military Cross The Military Cross is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army, and formerly also to officers of the armies of other Commonwealth countries, for distinguished and meritorious services in battle. ... Operation Avalanche was the codename for the landings near the port of Salerno, executed on 9 September 1943, part of the Allied invasion of Italy. ...

He is best known for expanding military history beyond the traditional campaigns and battles accounts to include wider discussions about the sociological significance of war. In his account of the Franco-German War of 1870-71, Howard looked at how the Prussian and French armies reflected the social structure of the two nations.

Howard helped found the Department of War Studies and the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's College London. He is currently president emeritus of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, which he also helped to establish, and a fellow of the British Academy. Sir Michael was knighted in 1986 and was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2002 and the Order of Merit in 2005. Basil Henry Liddell Hart (October 31, 1895 - January 29, 1970) was a military historian and is considered among the great military strategists of the 20th century. ... Kings College London in London is the largest and second longest serving member college in the federal University of London, with 21,300 registered students (2003-04). ... The International Institute for Strategic Studies is a British think tank based in London. ... The British Academy is the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI in Roman) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order (decoration). ... 2002 (MMII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Work

• co-written with John Sparrow The Coldstream Guards, 1920-1946, 1951.
• Disengagement in Europe, 1958.
• The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871, 1961.
• Lord Haldane and the Territorial Army, 1967.
• The Mediterranean Strategy in the Second World War, 1967.
• Studies in War and Peace, 1970.
• The Continental Commitment: The Dilemma of British Defence Policy in the Era of Two World Wars, 1972.
• War in European History, 1976.
• Carl von Clausewitz, On War, 1977, edited and translated by M.E. Howard and Peter Paret.
• Soldiers and Governments: Nine Studies in Civil Military Relations, 1978.
• War and the Liberal Conscience, 1978.
• Restraints on War: Studies in the Limitation of Armed Conflict, 1979 edited by M.E Howard.
• Clausewitz, 1983.
• Strategic Deception in World War II, 1990. (Volume 5 of British Intelligence in the Second World War)
• The Lessons of History, 1991.
• The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World, edited by M.E Howard, George Anderepoulous and Mark Schulman.
• The Invention of Peace, 2000.

A young Clausewitz Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz (June 1, 1780 - November 16, 1831) was a Prussian general and influential military theorist. ...

Reference

• Freedman, Lawrence; Hayes, Paul & O'Neil, Robert War, Strategy and International Politics: Essays in Honour of Sir Michael Howard, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
• Skaggs, David Curtis "Michael Howard and the Dimensions Of Military History" pages 179-183 from Military Affairs, Volume 49, 1985.