Jean Jérome (born Michał - French: Mikhaël or Michel - Feintuch, took the pseudonym in 1940; 1906—1990) was a Polish Jew-French communist activist and Resistance member. A pseudonym (Greek pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a persons true name. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... The history of the Jews in Poland reaches back over a millennium. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Bold textItalic textLink title // Headline text Headline text Headline text == The cross of Lorraine used by the French Resistance as a symbolic reference to Joan of Arc. ...

Biography

Born in Galicia (part of Austria-Hungary) as one of the seven children of a vender, he received a religious education in local yeshivot, and spoke both Hebrew and Yiddish. He started work in menial jobs at a very young age, and became a communist after Galicia was taken over by Poland at the end of World War I. Feintuch attended meetings of the newly-formed and clandestine Communist Party of Poland at the age of sixteen, and joined a trade union. After two successive arrests, he could no longer find employment, and ultimately fled Poland in order to ellude military service. Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Yeshiva or yeshivah (IPA: ) (Hebrew: ישיבה pl. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... Yiddish (Yid. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... This article is about the 1918-1938 Communist Party of Poland. ... A Trade Union (Labour union) ... is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ...

He lived in Belgium after 1927, working in a steel plant (he also attended lectures at the University of Liège sometime around that year). His political activities got him expelled, and illegally crossed into France, working as an electrician in a telephone factory, becoming active in the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT-F) and the Polish mission of the Main-d'œuvre étrangère (Foreign Employees) to the Central Committee of the French Communist Party (PCF). In 1931, he was deported to Belgium - only to return illegally and become active in the Paris region, remaining a clandestine for the following years. 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Liège (ULg), in Liège in Belgium, is a major public university in the French Community of Belgium. ... The Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT or General Confederation of Work) is one of the five major French confederations of trade unions. ... Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region ÃŽle-de-France Department Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 86. ...

Feintuch became an important internal connection for the Comintern and Profintern; he established contacts with the Comintern envoy to France, Eugen Fried, and was one in the Party section charged with sending weapuns and supplies to the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War. After the crushing of the Spanish Popular Front in 1939, Mikhaël Feintuch and the section were directed towards organizing the transit of tens of thousands of former fighters and other refugees into France, while very likely engaging in the traficking of jewels and gold. The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including... The trade union international of early Soviet Russia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Spanish Republic CNT-FAI UGT POUM Soviet Union International Brigades Spanish State Falangists Carlists Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Army Comrades Association Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Civilians killed/wounded = hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17... The Popular Front (Spanish Popular Front) was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organisations, instigated by Manuel Azaña for the purpose of contesting that years election. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In June 1940, his central position in the Party was confirmed by Jacques Duclos. The newly-named Jérome became the official supplier of paper and printing material to the Party's illegal press (outlawed after the PCF had outraged public opinion and authorities by condoning the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact). Philippe Robrieux argued that Jérome also replaced Giulio Ceretti, the man charged with obtaining illegal funds for the Comintern (Ceretti and Maurice Thorez had since been recalled to Moscow). Jacques Duclos (1896-1975) had an outstanding French political life since 1926 when he entered the French National Assembly by beating Paul Reynaud until 1969 when he carried out a brilliant score with the presidential elections. ... Molotov signs the German-Soviet non-aggression pact. ... Maurice Thorez Maurice Thorez (April 28, 1900–July 11, 1964) was a French statesman and longtime leader of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1930 until his death. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...

During the World War II German occupation of France begun in the same month, he also became charged with contacting other elements in the Resistance, intellecuals as well as the Free French Forces of General Charles de Gaulle. He was subject to an arrest in 1943, an incident still wrapped in mystery. It was speculated that his activities brought the downfall of other communist Franc Tireurs, the group pictured in the Affiche Rouge and led by Missak Manouchian. Still, Jean Jérome was since awarded numerous distinctions for his participation in the underground movement - the Médaille de la Résistance, the Croix de guerre, and the Légion d'honneur. The biographical profiles he himself submitted to PCF sources are very succint. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... France, along with the United Kingdom, was one of the first participants in World War II after declaring war on Nazi Germany following its invasion of Poland in 1939. ... Free French Forces under review during the Battle of Normandy. ... Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ) (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970), in France commonly referred to as Général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Francs-tireurs. ... The Affiche Rouge. ... Missak Manouchian (Armenian: Õ„Õ«Õ½Õ¡Ö„ Õ„Õ¡Õ¶Õ¸Ö‚Õ·ÕµÕ¡Õ¶; September 1, 1906, Adyaman, in Ottoman-ruled Armenia—February 21, 1944, Fort Mont-Valérien) was an Armenian-French communist militant in the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans de la Main dOeuvre Immigrée (FTP-MOI) and the Resistance movement. ... The french Médaille de la Résistance (Resistance Medal) was awarded by General Charles de Gaulle to recognise the remarkable acts of faith and of courage that, in France, in the empire and abroad, have contributed to the resistance of the French people against the enemy and against its... The Croix de guerre is a military decoration of both Belgium and France which was first created in 1915. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ...

According to Philippe Robrieux, Jean Jérome has acted as fundraiser for the PCF up until the 1970s, through his known business ventures in the People's Republic of Poland and Czechoslovakia. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The Peoples Republic of Poland or Polish Peoples Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1989, during its period of rule by the Communist party, officially called the Polish United Workers Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, or PZPR). ...

Autobiographical works

• La Part des Hommes, Acropole, 1983
• Les Clandestins (1940-44), Acropole, 1986

References

• R. Lemarquis, J. Maitron, Cl. Pennetier, Le Dictionnaire Bibliographique du Mouvement Ouvrier Français, Editions Ouvrières
• Philippe Robrieux, Histoire Intérieure du Parti Communiste, 4 volumes (1920-45), Fayard, 1980-84.
• Emmanuel de Chambost, La direction du PCF dans la clandestinité (1941-44), L'Harmattan, 1997

External links

• (French) Un homme communiste in L'Humanité, May 12, 1990