The VW Type 2 was the second automotive line introduced by The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... German A small variety of cars, the most popular kind of automobile. An automobile is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own engine. Different types of automobile include cars, buses, vans and trucks, with cars being the most popular by far. Older terms include horseless carriage and motor car, with motor... automobile manufacturer Volkswagen (VW) is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. It forms the core of VAG, one of the worlds four biggest car producers. Origins in 1930s Germany A Volkswagen factory at Wolfsburg, Germany in 2003. The origins of the company date back to 1930s Nazi Germany, and the... Volkswagen. It was a van introduced in Events January January 5 - US Senator Estes Kefauver introduces a resolution calling for examination of organized crime in the USA January 6 - The United Kingdom recognizes the Peoples Republic of China. The Republic of China severs diplomatic relations with Britain in response. January 9 - The Israeli government recognizes the... 1950, initially based on their first model, the The Volkswagen Beetle or Bug is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, of Germany, and almost certainly the world. Thanks to its distinctive shape and sound, its reliability, and presumably other factors, it now enjoys a cult status. The Beetle has been in production in various... "Beetle" 1995 Buick Riviera coupe A coupe (or coupé) is a two or four-seater car with a fixed roof and two doors. The style is generally used for sportier models in a manufacturers range. In the 19th century, a coupé was a carriage with two doors enclosing seating for... coupe, aka "Type 1". The "Type 2" is generally considered to be the forerunner of modern cargo and passenger vans. The Type 2 spawned a number of imitators both in the The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... United States and World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. It is conventionally considered a continent, which, in this case, is more of a cultural distinction than a geographic one. ( National Geographic, however, officially recognises... Europe including the The Ford E-Series, also known as the Econoline, is a line of full-size vans and truck chassis from Ford Motor Company. The E-series is related to the Ford F-Series line of pickup trucks. The line was introduced in 1961 and its descendents are still produced today... Ford Econoline, Dodge B110 and The Chevrolet Corvair remains one of General Motors most unusual creations. Design began in 1956 under the auspices of Ed Cole, and the first vehicles rolled off the assembly line in late 1959 as part of the 1960 model year (in which it was named Motor Trend magazines Car... Chevrolet Corvan, the latter even adapting the Type 2's rear-engine configuration. Updated versions of this line are still being actively produced in international markets.

From http://www.clasohm.com/photodb/photo?photo_id=4840&size=md © 1996-2004 Carsten Clasohm, used under Creative Commons License File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see...

From http://www.clasohm.com/photodb/photo?photo_id=4840&size=md © 1996-2004 Carsten Clasohm, used under Creative Commons License File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see...

T1 Kombi in a For other uses, see vintage (disambiguation). A vintage car is commonly defined as a car built between the start of 1919 and the end of 1930. There is little debate about the start date of the Vintage period — the end of World War I is a nicely defined marker... vintage rally, Innsbruck, Austria

Names and nicknames

From the beginning, the Type 2 has earned many nicknames from its fans, just like the Beetle has. Among the most popular, at least in Germany, are VW-Bus and Bulli (or Bully). The Type 2 was meant to be officially named Bully, but Heinrich Lanz, producer of the Lanz Bulldog farm tractor, intervened. The model was then presented as the VW Transporter and VW Kleinbus, but the Bully nickname still caught on.

Interestingly, the official German-language model names Transporter and Kombi have been incorporated into English and refer to delivery van and station wagon. Kombi, however, is not only the name of the utilitarian people transporter variant, but is also the Australian and Brazilian term for the whole Type 2 family in much the same way that they are all called VW-Bus in Germany, even the pickup truck variations. In Mexico, the German "Kombi" was 'translated' into "Combi", and became a household word given the vehicle's popularity in Mexico City's public transportation system.

The Australian band Men At Work were an Australian reggae-influenced rock band of the early 1980s. They were best known for their 1982 hit Down Under, a joyful, comic song about Australians travelling the world with confidence in the virtues of their country. The song was commercially successful in many countries - it... Men at Work made the use of Kombi somewhat popular in other parts of the world by using it in the first line of their 1981 hit record Down Under: "Traveling in a fried-out Kombi ..."

Variants

The Type 2 was available as:

• delivery van without side windows or rear seats (Panel Van)
• delivery van with raised roof (Highroof Panel Van)
• van with side windows and removable rear seats (Kombi, from German Kombinationskraftwagen (combination vehicle), i.e. both a passenger and a cargo vehicle combined)
• van with more comfortable interior reminiscent of passenger cars (Bus; also called Caravelle since the third generation)
• van with skylight windows and cloth sunroof (Samba-Bus, first generation only; also called Deluxe Microbus)
• flatbed truck (Pick-up), also available with wider load bed
• flatbed truck with double cab and two rows of seats (Crewcab Pick-up)
• camping van (Westy; with Westfalia roof and interior)
• semi-camping van that can also still be used as a passenger car and transporter, sacrificing some camping comforts (Multivan, available from the third generation on)

Apart from these factory variants, there were a multitude of third-party conversions available, some of which were offered through the VW dealer organization. They included but were not limited to refrigerated vans, A hearse is a funeral vehicle, a conveyance for the coffin from e.g. a church to a cemetery, a similar burial site, or a crematorium. In the funeral trade, they are often called funeral coaches. The name, supposedly, derives from the Anglo-Saxon word harrow, describing the temporary framework... hearses, Ambulance An ambulance is a vehicle designated for the transport of sick or injured people. The first ambulances called by that name were horse ambulances used in the American Civil War. The first practical ambulances were created by Dominique Larrey, a French surgeon (1766-1842), for use in the Napoleonic... ambulances, police vans, Engine 4 - City of Chico, CA A Fire Engine is one of many specialized fire suppression apparatuses. A Fire Engine is designed to pump water using an engine and onboard water supply, which can be replenished via a fire hydrant, water tender or any other available water source. Engines are... fire engines and ladder trucks.

History

The idea for the Type 2 is credited to The Netherlands ( Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ( Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). The Netherlands is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, located in northwestern Europe. It borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the... Dutch Volkswagen importer Ben Pon was a Formula One driver from the Netherlands. He participated in 1 grand prix, debuting on May 20, 1962. He scored 0 championship points. Complete Formula One results Categories: Formula One drivers ... Ben Pon, who drew the first sketches of the van in 1947. The Aerodynamics is a branch of fluid dynamics concerned with the study of gas flows, first analysed by George Cayley in the 1800s. The solution of an aerodynamic problem normally involves calculating for various properties of the flow, such as velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as a function of space... aerodynamics of the first prototypes were not good but heavy optimisation took place at the wind tunnel of the Technical University of Braunschweig may also refer to the administrative region of Germany. See Braunschweig (region). Brunswick may refer to several geographic locations, companies and products. See Brunswick (disambiguation). Map of Germany showing Braunschweig Braunschweig [ˈbraunʃvaik] (English: Brunswick) is a city of 239,855 people (as of December 31, 2001... Braunschweig. The wind tunnel work paid off, as the Type 2 was aerodynamically superior to the Beetle despite its slab-sided shape. Three years later, under the direction of Volkswagen's new CEO Heinz Nordhoff, the first production model left the factory at Categories: Cities in Germany | Towns in Lower Saxony | Company towns | Germany-related stubs ... Wolfsburg.

Unlike the other rear-engined Volkswagens, which evolved constantly over time but never saw the introduction of all-new models, the Transporter not only evolved, but was completely revised periodically with variations referred to as versions "T1" to "T5," although only generations T1 to T3 (or T25 as it is rightly known) can be seen as directly related to the VW Beetle (see below for details).

The Type 2 was among the first commercial vehicles in which the driver was placed above the front wheels. As such, it started a trend, at least in Germany, where the The Ford Transit is a van produced by the European division of the Ford Motor Company. It was originally introduced in 1965, and has been in continuous production in three basic generations to the present day (2004). The Mk.1 Transit was introduced to replace the Ford Thames, a small... Ford Transit among others quickly copied the concept. In the United States, the The Chevrolet Corvair remains one of General Motors most unusual creations. Design began in 1956 under the auspices of Ed Cole, and the first vehicles rolled off the assembly line in late 1959 as part of the 1960 model year (in which it was named Motor Trend magazines Car... Corvair-based 1960 Chevrolet Corvan cargo van and Greenbrier passenger van even went so far as to copy the Type 2's rear-engine layout, using the Corvair's horizontally-opposed, air-cooled engine for power. Except for the Greenbrier and a mid-70s water-cooled version from This article is about Fiat the automobile manufacturer. Fiat is also an English word meaning the exercise of authority; see Fiat money and military fiat. The Latin word fiat means let it be. Fiat S.p.A. is an automobile manufacturer, financial and industrial group based in Turin, northern Italy... Fiat, the 850 Microbus — neither of which were produced in great numbers — the VW remained unique in being rear-engined which was a disadvantage for the Panel Van which couldn't easily be loaded from the rear due to the engine cover intruding on interior space, but generally advantageous in terms of traction and interior noise.

Another trend that the VW Transporter may not have started, but that it certainly gave momentum to, is the use of nicely-trimmed commercial vans as people carriers. This first took hold in the United States in the 1960s, aided by very intelligent, tongue-in-cheek advertising by the Doyle Dane Bernbach was an advertising agency famous in the 1950s and 1960s for its innovative campaigns for Volkswagen (Think Small), Avis (We Try Harder), and other companies. It was founded by Maxwell (Mac) Dane, James Ned Doyle, and William Bernbach in 1949. Categories: Stub ... Doyle Dane Bernbach agency.

During the Hippies (singular hippie or sometimes hippy) were members of the 1960s counterculture movement who adopted a communal or nomadic lifestyle, renounced corporate nationalism and the Vietnam War, embraced aspects of Buddhism, Hinduism, and/or Native American religious culture, and were otherwise at odds with traditional middle class Western values. They... hippie era in the United States, the Bus became a major In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe a cultural group whose values and norms are at odds with those of the social mainstream. In practice, the term is most commonly used to refer to the youth rebellion that swept North America and Western Europe in the 1960s. 1960s... counterculture symbol. There were several reasons: The van could carry a number of people plus camping gear and cooking supplies, extra clothing, or See also: DIY Network, a cable TV network. Do it yourself or DIY is home improvement done by the householder without the aid of paid professionals. The term was in fact not coined in the 1960s by British TV presenter and craftsman Barry Bucknell although he is often credited with... do-it-yourself carpenter's tools, etc. As "a statement," its boxy, utilitarian shape made the Bus everything the American cars of the day were not. And used models were incredibly cheap to buy. Since that time, however, the original 1950–1967 Type 2 has become a hot collector's item with special variations reaching into North American five-figure price territory. The second generation has also passed its low-price years and is on its way to collector status.

T1

Volkswagen Type2 T1c Kombi 1966 VW Kombi, photographed by Erik Meltzer in 2000. Colour of wheels and curtains are not original. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see...

Volkswagen Type2 T1c Kombi 1966 VW Kombi, photographed by Erik Meltzer in 2000. Colour of wheels and curtains are not original. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see...

T1c Kombi

The first generation with the split front window, called the Microbus among fans today, was produced from March 8th, 1950 through the end of the 1967 model year. From 1950 to 1956 the T1 was built in Categories: Cities in Germany | Towns in Lower Saxony | Company towns | Germany-related stubs ... Wolfsburg; from 1956 is a leap year starting on Sunday. (see link for calendar) Events January January 1 - End of Egyptian Condominium in Sudan. January 16 - President Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine January 26 - Italy January 26 - United Kingdom bans heroin January 26 - The last Soviet troops leave the military base in... 1956 it was built in the completely new Transporter factory at Map of Germany showing Hanover Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the river Leine, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. It is also the capital of the surrounding Hanover district and region. Population: 515,219 (2001). Auto registration prefix: H... Hannover (spelled "Hanover" in the US). Like the Beetle, the first Transporters had a 1.2 liter, 25 horsepower (19 kW), air-cooled A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration. This is not a common configuration, but some brands of automobile have favoured such engines and it is a common configuration for smaller aircraft engines such as made by Lycoming. Volkswagen... four-cylinder Diagram of the opposing pistons in a boxer engine A flat engine or boxer engine or horizontally opposed engine is a type of engine where the pistons lie horizontally opposed, with pairs of cylinders on the left and the right, as opposed to most modern engines where all pistons are... boxer engine mounted in the rear. The 36 horsepower (22 kW) version became standard in 1955 while an unusual early version of the 40 horsepower (25 kW) engine debuted exclusively on the Type 2 in 1959. This engine proved to be so uncharacteristically troublesome that Volkswagen recalled all 1959 Transporters and replaced the engines with the updated version of the 40 horsepower (25 kW) engine. Any 1959 models that retain that early engine at this late date are true survivors. Since the engine was totally discontinued at the outset, no parts were ever made available.

The early versions of the T1 until 1955 were often called T1a or "Barndoor," owing to the enormous rear engine cover, while the later versions with slightly modified body, smaller engine bay, and 15" wheels instead of the original 16" ones were called T1b. From the 1963 model year, when the rear door was made wider (same as on the successor T2), the vehicle was referred to as T1c. 1963 also saw the introduction of an optional sliding door for the passenger/cargo area instead of the standard outwardly hinged doors.

In 1962, a heavy-duty Transporter was introduced as a factory option. It featured a cargo capacity of one metric ton (1,000 kg) instead of the previous 750 kg, smaller but wider 14" wheels, and a 1.5 liter, 42 DIN horsepower (31 kW) engine. This was so successful that only a year later, the 750 kg, 1.2 liter Transporter was discontinued. When the Beetle received the 1.5 liter engine for the 1967 model year, its power was increased to 44 DIN horsepower (32 kW).

German production stopped after the 1967 model year; however, the T1 still was made in The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela... Brazil until 1975, when it was modified with a T2-ish nose and big taillights into the so-called "T1.5" and produced until 1996. The Brazilian T1s were not identical to the last German models though they sported some characteristic features of the T1a, such as the cargo doors.

Among American enthusiasts, it is common to refer to the different models by the number of their windows. The basic Kombi or Bus is the 11-window with a split windshield, two front cabin door windows, six rear side windows, and one rear window. The deluxe model featured eight rear side windows and two rear corner windows, making it the 15-window (not available in Europe). And the sunroof deluxe with its additional eight small skylight windows is, accordingly, the 23-window. From the 1963 model year, with its wider rear door, the rear corner windows were discontinued, making the latter two the 13-window and 21-window respectively.

T2

Volkswagen Type2 T2a Bus 1972 VW Bus. Photographed by Erik Meltzer in 1998. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur...

Volkswagen Type2 T2a Bus 1972 VW Bus. Photographed by Erik Meltzer in 1998. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur...

1972 T2a Bus

In 1968, the second generation of the Type 2 was introduced. It was built in Germany until 1979, with production shifting to Mexico in 1980 and to Brazil in 1996. Models before 1971 are often called T2a, while models after 1972 are called T2b.

This second-generation T2 lost its distinctive split front window and was slightly larger and considerably heavier than its predecessor. Its common nicknames are Breadloaf and Bay-window, or Loaf and Bay for short. At 1.6 liters and 48 DIN horsepower (35 kW), the engine was also slightly larger. The new model also did away with the A swing axle suspension is a simple type of independent suspension used in automobiles. Swing axles have universal joints connecting the driveshafts to the differential, which is attached to the chassis. They do not have universal joints at the wheels - the wheels are always perpendicular to the driveshafts. Swing axle... swing axle rear suspension and transfer boxes previously used to raise ride height. Instead, half-shaft axles fitted with Cross-section through a typical outer CV joint (Saab 96) Constant Velocity Joints or CV joints allow a rotating shaft to transmit power through a variable angle, at constant rotational speed, without an appreciable increase in friction or play. They are mainly used in front wheel drive cars, although some... constant velocity joints raised ride height without the wild changes in A wheel with a negative camber angle Camber angle is the angle made by the wheel of an automobile; specifically, it is the angle between the vertical axis of the wheel and the vertical axis of the vehicle when viewed from the front or rear. It is used in the... camber of the Beetle-based swing axle transmission.

The T2b was introduced by way of gradual change over three years. The 1971 Type 2 featured a new, 1.6 liter engine with dual intake ports on each cylinder head and was rated at 50 DIN horsepower (37 kW). An important change came with the introduction of front On automobiles, disc brakes are located within the wheel The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. A braking disc (or rotor in US English), usually of steel, is rigidly connected to the wheel. To stop the wheel, the braking pads are forced... disc brakes and new wheels with brake ventilation holes and flatter hubcaps. 1972's most prominent change was a bigger engine compartment to fit the larger 1.7 to 2.0 liter engines from the The VW Type 4 was a medium sized 2 or 4 door sedan or 2 door station wagon built by Volkswagen. It was produced between the 1969 and 1974 model years. It was larger than the VW Type 3 and had a more powerful engine. The Type 3 and Type... VW Type 4 (VW 411, 412), and a redesigned rear body.

This all-new, larger engine is commonly called the Type 4 engine as opposed to the previous engine first introduced in the Type 1, or Beetle. There is no "Type 2 engine" or "Type 3 engine", because those cars did not feature all-new engines when introduced.

In the Transporter, the Type 4 engine was an option for the 1972 model year, but was standard in US models. Only with the Type 4 engine did an An automatic transmission is an automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios automatically as the car moves, thus freeing the driver from having to shift gears United States since the 1950s have had automatic transmissions. This has, however, not been the case in Europe and much of the rest of... automatic transmission become available for the first time in the 1973 model year. Both engines displaced 1.7 liters, rated at 66 DIN horsepower (49 kW) with the manual transmission and 62 DIN horsepower (46 kW) with the automatic. The Type 4 engine was enlarged to 1.8 liters and 68 DIN horsepower (50 kW) for the 1974 model year and again to 2.0 liters and 70 DIN horsepower (52 kW) for the 1977 model year. As with all Transporter engines, the focus in development was not on power but on low-end This article is about the physical concept. For another meaning see Torque (jewellery) The concept of torque in physics, also called moment or couple, originated with the work of Archimedes on levers. Informally, torque can be thought of as rotational force. The rotational analogues of force, mass and acceleration are... torque.

Volkswagen Type2 T2b Ambulance Late 1970s Volkswagen Type 2 Ambulance. Photographed by Erik Meltzer in 2000. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that...

Volkswagen Type2 T2b Ambulance Late 1970s Volkswagen Type 2 Ambulance. Photographed by Erik Meltzer in 2000. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that...

Late 1970s T2b Ambulance

1973 also saw the most noticeable exterior changes. The front turn indicators were squared off from the previous version and set higher in the front valence, bigger rear lights were added to comply with US lighting requirements as were larger bumpers. Crash safety improved greatly with this change due to a compressible structure behind the front bumper. This meant that the T2b was capable of meeting US safety standards for passenger cars of the time, though being vans they were not required to. The only thing that shrunk on the new model, or so it seemed, was the large and distinctive "VW" emblem on the front of the early model.

Later model changes were primarily under the skin; by 1974, the T2 had gained its final shape. Very late in the T2's design life, in the late 1970s, the first prototypes of Type 2 vans with four-wheel-drive were built and tested but production 4WD transporters were introduced in T3 guise as late as 1985.

The T2 also has the distinction of being the basis for one of the most sought-after and valuable toys in history. In 1969, Mattel Inc. (NYSE: MAT), is a toy company that produces many things, including Barbie dolls, board games, and, in the early 1980s, video game consoles. It was started in 1945 by founders Elliot Handler and Harold Matt Matson (hence the name matt-el). Elliott Handlers wife Ruth Handler would... Mattel introduced a new model to their line of Hot Wheels is a popular brand of toy automobile, introduced by U.S. toymaker Mattel in 1968. It was the primary competitor of Matchbox until 1996, when Mattel acquired rights to that brand as well. Most Hot Wheels cars measure about 2½ inches (6.4cm) in length, and are approximately... Hot Wheels die cast toy cars. This was the "Beach Bomb," a customized T2 Transporter complete with The term Surfboard can refer to: Used for Surfing, the popular recreational water sport and activity, surfboards are divided into three types: shortboard, funboard or longboard. A series of cable modem made originally by General Instrument, which was acquired by Motorola in September 1999. Surfboard A board used for Surfing... surfboards. Made in very small numbers, two variations of the toy were produced. The earliest model had the surfboards placed in boxes over the rear fenders; the later and slightly more common version lost the boxes and placed the surfboards on the roof. Only one "hot pink" unit of the early version was ever manufactured and sold. This rare color and body combination sold at auction for a record US$66,000 in 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. It was designated: International Year of Ecotourism and Mountains National Science Year in the United Kingdom Autism Awareness Year in the United Kingdom Events January Euro banknotes in circulation throughout the twelve countries of the European Union that... 2002 and is currently insured for $100,000.

The T2c, so called since it got a slightly raised roof - by about 10cm - in the early 1990s, was built for South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. South America is situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It became attached to North America only recently, geologically speaking, with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama... South American and Central America is the region of North America located between the southern border of Mexico and the northwest border of Colombia, in South America. Some geographers classify Central America as a large isthmus, and in this geographic sense it sometimes includes the portion of Mexico east of the Isthmus of... Central American markets. The T2c was produced in The United Mexican States or Mexico ( Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by... Mexico until 1991 with the 1.6 liter Engine cooling is the process of cooling an engine by using either air or liquid. As engines generate mechanical power they also generate waste heat energy because they are not perfectly efficient. The engine must therefore be cooled to prevent it from cooking in its own heat. Although some waste... air-cooled Type 1 engine, and from 1991 until 1996 with water-cooled inline engines from the VW Golf Mk.4 The Volkswagen Golf is an automobile manufactured by Volkswagen. The Golf is Volkswagens best-selling model in history, with more than 22 million built as of 2003. Considering cars that keep their concept and basic layout (and not only their name) the VW Golf is... VW Golf. Since 1997, the T2c has been built in The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela... Brazil with air-cooled engines for the Brazilian market and with water-cooled engines for the Mexican market, the latter easily identified by their large, black front-mounted radiators.

Since production of the original Beetle was halted in late 2003, the T2 remains the only Volkswagen model with the traditional air-cooled, rear-mounted boxer engine still in production.

T3

Also see : Mid-1980s T3 Kombi Late 1980s T3 Caravelle Syncro The Vanagon is a late model Volkswagen Bus, built in between the Bread-loaf / Twinkie Bus Era (from 1968 to 1979) and 1990. It was the last of the rear-engined VW busses and is characterized by a much squarer appearance... Vanagon

VW Type2 T3 Kombi Mid-1980s VW Type 2 Kombi. Photographed by Erik Meltzer in 2004. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that...

VW Type2 T3 Kombi Mid-1980s VW Type 2 Kombi. Photographed by Erik Meltzer in 2004. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that...

Mid-1980s T3 Kombi

The T3,T25 or Vanagon in the US, was built from 1979 to 1990 and was the third distinct generation of the Type 2. It featured an all-new mechanical design that matched the T2 in length and height, but was wider by 12 cm and considerably heavier. Additional interior space was created by lowering the engine compartment considerably; the rear door is more than twice as large as the T2's. The suspension and almost all mechanical components were completely changed; and the frontal crash protection was greatly increased. The body was considerably squared-off; though retaining the overall impression of previous versions to an amazing degree. Body variants remained the same as before.

Until 1982, the T25 was available with the same air-cooled engines as the T2. Starting in 1981, water-cooled The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine; more specifically, it is a compression ignition engine, in which the fuel is ignited by being suddenly exposed to the high temperature and pressure of a compressed gas containing oxygen (usually atmospheric air), rather than a separate source of ignition... diesel engines were available options and for 1984 water-cooled gasoline boxer engines replaced the previous air-cooled ones. From 1985 the T25 Syncro represented the first production Type 2 with four-wheel-drive. The Syncro drive system was full time four wheel drive, with drive to the front axle controlled by a viscous coupling, that delivered drive when required. European Syncros were normally fitted with front and rear pneumatically operated differential locks to improve traction. These were not normally fitted to US-spec Vanagons due to fears over product liability.

VW Type2 T3 Caravelle Syncro File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur) 19:58, 1 Apr 2004 . . Ermel (89521 bytes...

VW Type2 T3 Caravelle Syncro File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur) 19:58, 1 Apr 2004 . . Ermel (89521 bytes...

Late 1980s T3 Caravelle Syncro

Engine size and performance grew considerably over the T25's production run, from the 1.6 liter, 50 DIN horsepower (37 kW) and 2.0 liter, 70 DIN horsepower (52 kW) air-cooled engines to 1.9 liter water-cooled powerplants rated at 60 DIN horsepower (44 kW) or 78 DIN horsepower (57 kW) to the top-of the line 2.1 liter, 112 DIN horsepower (82 kW) fuel-injected version. Likewise, the diesel engine grew to 1.9 liters and 65 DIN horsepower (48 kW). There was a turbodiesel option, but only in 1.6 liter, 70 DIN horsepower (52 kW) trim. The 1.9 liter turbodiesel upgrade was not available until the introduction of the T4.

On its home market, the T25 was replaced with the T4 for the 1990 model year but some Syncro models and vehicles for the German post and military continued to be produced in Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec), with a population of 305,000 (council census 2000) is the second-largest city in Austria and the capital of the province of Styria (Steiermark in German). It has a long tradition as a student city, with four Universities and two Universities of Applied... Graz, The Republic of Austria ( German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The state is a representative democracy... Austria until 1992. The last German-built T3s were the very sought-after "Limited Last Edition" models of which 2,500 were built.

Meanwhile, the T25 was still being built in The Republic of South Africa (pronunciation) is a large republic in Southern Africa. It is located at the southern tip of the continent, and borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. The small nation of Lesotho is entirely contained within South African territory. Its economy is the largest and most... South Africa, with slightly modified body (bigger windows, different ventilation, less room above the engine), fuel-injected four- and five-cylinder inline engines and new equipment packages. South African T3 production was halted in 2002.

Front-engined Transporters

Volkswagen Eurovan T5 Multivan Two identical brand-new 2004 VW Multivans. Photographed (and slightly edited ;-) in 2004 by Erik Meltzer. This type of vehicle might be called VW Eurovan if and when it finally hits the United States. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete...

Volkswagen Eurovan T5 Multivan Two identical brand-new 2004 VW Multivans. Photographed (and slightly edited ;-) in 2004 by Erik Meltzer. This type of vehicle might be called VW Eurovan if and when it finally hits the United States. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete...

2004 VW Transporter

Since 1990, the Transporter in most world markets has been front-engined and water-cooled similar to other contemporary Volkswagens. It is quite noteworthy that this happened almost two decades later than it did for the passenger cars, especially since commercial vehicles are usually not purchased for sentimental reasons. A new front-engined Transporter with design cues from the T1 model was planned for the 2007 model year and targeted at the US market. However, in May 2004 Volkswagen announced that the design had been scrapped and would be replaced with another, more cost-efficient one to be marketed globally.

For more details on Volkswagen's front-engined Transporters, see The Eurovan was the first front-engined van of German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen and is the successor of the famous classic VW Type 2 van. Variants The Eurovan, as it is called in the United States, is available in Europe in many versions both for personal and commercial use. Only... VW Eurovan (US brand name – all types still marketed as Transporter in the UK and Ireland).

External links

• Club80-90.co.uk (http://www.club80-90.co.uk/)(The UK's biggest and best T25 resorce)
• Type2.com (http://www.type2.com/) (home of T1 and T2 mailing lists)
• Vanagon.com (http://www.vanagon.com/) (home of T3 mailing list)
• The Samba (http://www.thesamba.com/vw/) (lots of pictures of and additional information about T1 and T2, as well as other air-cooled Volkswagens)
• VW do Brasil (http://www.volkswagen.com.br/automoveis/kombi/)'s web site for the T2c (Portuguese text only)
• Bullikartei (http://www.bullikartei.de) (German club for T1, German text only)
• T2 IG (http://www.bulli.org/) (T2 Community of Interest, German text only)
• VW Bus Museum Salzgitter (http://www.vw-bus-museum.de/) (German text only)

	Volkswagen AG ( TYO: 7659) is a German corporation. It was founded in 1937 as a public concern by the then Nazi government to sell the now legendary Volkswagen Beetle automobile. After the Second World War in 1945, the British Army took control of the bomb-shattered factory and restarted Beetle... Volkswagen Group cropped version of vwlogo.jpg File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur) 14:23, 24 Jun 2004 . . Akadruid (1242 bytes...
	Volkswagen (VW) is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. It forms the core of VAG, one of the worlds four biggest car producers. Origins in 1930s Germany A Volkswagen factory at Wolfsburg, Germany in 2003. The origins of the company date back to 1930s Nazi Germany, and the... Volkswagen | Press photograph of the newly merged Audi NSU range, 1969. Audi is an automobile maker in Germany, part of the Volkswagen group. The company is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. The motto of Audi is Vorsprung durch Technik, which translates to Advantage through Technology. History The origins of Audi The... Audi | A white Seat 600 SEAT is one of the leading car makers in Spain. It was founded in the year 1950 as a subsidiary of Fiat, with an important share owned by the Spanish Government. The acronym SEAT means Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo (Spanish... SEAT | Škoda Auto  listen? is the leading automobile manufacturer in the Czech Republic, now part of the Volkswagen Group (VAG). Škoda is a participant in the World Rally Championship, initially using the Octavia but now using the Fabia. History Established in 1895 as Laurin & Klement, the company... Škoda | Bentley logo Bentley Motors Limited is a British based manufacturer of luxury automobiles and large sportscars. Bentley Motors was founded in England on January 18, 1919 by Walter Owen Bentley, known as W.O. Bentley or just W.O. ( 1888- 1971) who was previously known for his successful range of... Bentley | The Bugatti logo Bugatti is one of the most celebrated marques of automobile and the one of the most exclusive Italian yet also French car producers of all time. The company is legendary for producing some of the best sports cars money could buy. The original Bugatti failed with the... Bugatti | 2004 Lamborghini Gallardo 2004 Lamborghini Murciélago Roadster Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A., commonly known as Lamborghini, is a manufacturer of high performance sports cars based in the small Italian village of SantAgata Bolognese, near Bologna. The company was founded in 1963 by Ferruccio Lamborghini ( 1916– 1993... Lamborghini
The Volkswagen Apollo was an automobile sold in Brazil during the late 1980s when Volkswagen and Ford Motor Company shared models in South America in a joint venture known as Autolatina. It was a rebadged version of Ford do Brasils Verona, a two-door sedan based on the European... Apollo | Categories: Automobile stubs | VW vehicles | Front wheel drive vehicles | Subcompact cars ... Lupo | The VW Polo is compact car manufactured by Volkswagen, sold mainly in Europe. It is generally available only as a hatchback, although there have been sedan and wagon variants, as hatchbacks are not as popular in markets such as South America and South Africa as they are in Europe. The... Polo | The Volkswagen Gol is a compact automobile produced by Volkswagen in Brazil, and is a design unique to Latin America. It is produced as a hatchback, but there is also a station wagon version, known as the Parati in Brazil and the Gol Country in Argentina. The Gol, which takes... Gol | The VW Citi is a car produced by Volkswagen in South Africa. Also known as the CitiGolf, is a facelifted version of the original VW Golf hatchback, which ceased production in Germany in 1983. Local production of this model also ceased at this time, but Volkswagen South Africa (VWSA) needed... Citi/CitiGolf | VW Golf Mk.4 The Volkswagen Golf is an automobile manufactured by Volkswagen. The Golf is Volkswagens best-selling model in history, with more than 22 million built as of 2003. Considering cars that keep their concept and basic layout (and not only their name) the VW Golf is... Golf | The Volkswagen Jetta is essentially a sedan version of the Volkswagen Golf. The name is now only used in North America and South Africa, as it was dropped in Europe in 1992, when it was replaced by the Vento, which was in turn replaced by the Bora in 1998. The... Jetta/Vento/Bora | The VW Fox is a compact car produced by Volkswagen in Brazil and Mexico. It is a three-door hatchback, which is smaller than the VW Polo. It was also the name of a small sedan (derived from the hatchback VW Gol) produced by VW in the 1980s, in Brazil... Fox/Gacel | 1986 VW Scirocco 8v (MkII) The Volkswagen Scirocco was created in 1974 to replace the Karmann Ghia. It was introduced to the United States in 1975. Designated internally by Volkswagen as Type 53, the Scirocco retained its initial body style until 1981. 1982 featured a dramatic restyling of the Scirocco... Scirocco | The VW Corrado is a 2 door, 4 passenger compact sports car developed by Volkswagen but built by Karmann in Osnabruck, Germany. The Corrado was in production from 1988 - 1995 and reached a production total of 97,521 vehicles according to VWCorrado.de. The mechanicals are shared with the other... Corrado | The Volkswagen Beetle or Bug is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, of Germany, and almost certainly the world. Thanks to its distinctive shape and sound, its reliability, and presumably other factors, it now enjoys a cult status. The Beetle has been in production in various... Beetle/Bug | TL/Varient | The Volkswagen Touran is a mini-MPV class automobile based on a vertically stretched 5th generation VW Golf and sold in Europe. It was launched in 2003. It fills a percived gap in Volkswagens model line-up below its larger sister MPV the VW Sharan. Categories: Automobile stubs | VW... Touran | VW K70 Kombi (station wagon/estate) The Volkswagen K70 (pronounced ka siebzig) is a sedan automobile produced by both NSU and Volkswagen from 1969 to 1974. The K70 was the first front-engined water-cooled car built by VW. The K70 was originally developed by NSU as a smaller brother... K70 | The Volkswagen Passat is a midsized car built by Volkswagen AG. It falls between the VW Golf/Jetta and VW Phaeton in the current VW production line-up. It is produced in VWs plant in Emden. B2 The original Passat was launched in 1973. It was essentially a rebadged... Passat | The Volkswagen Santana is a sedan version of the Volkswagen Passat, first introduced in 1981, and also known in the Americas as the Quantum (at least in Brazil, only the station wagon version was called Quantum). In Europe the Santana name was dropped in 1986, with the model simply renamed... Santana | VW Sharan The VW Sharan is a Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV) or people carrier sold by Volkswagen in Europe, in a joint venture with Ford, which sells a version of the same model as the Ford Galaxy. VWs Spanish subsidiary SEAT sells a version of the Sharan, known as... Sharan | Phaeton interior The Volkswagen Phaeton (pronounced fay-tun) is a large luxury sedan manufactured by Volkswagen. As of 2004, the Phaeton has the longest wheelbase in the Volkswagen model line. In Dresden, Germany, the car is end-manufactured in a distinctive factory with a glass exterior, the Gläserne Manufaktur... Phaeton | The Volkswagen Pointer was a family car sold by Volkswagen in South America, in the 1990s. It was based on the Ford Escort, being the result of Volkswagens Autolatina joint venture with Ford Motor Company, which also saw the Volkswagen Santana rebadged as the Ford Versailles. Although there were... Pointer | The Volkswagen Santana is a sedan version of the Volkswagen Passat, first introduced in 1981, and also known in the Americas as the Quantum (at least in Brazil, only the station wagon version was called Quantum). In Europe the Santana name was dropped in 1986, with the model simply renamed... Quantum | The VW Touareg is an automobile manufactured by Volkswagen. It is a luxury SUV (UK: 4x4), the first ever produced by Volkswagen. The Touareg is the product of a joint venture with Porsche which also produced the Porsche Cayenne. As a result, the two vehicles share many mechanical components. The... Touareg | The VW Caddy is a light pickup truck and van based on the VW Golf hatchback. It has been through several generations with the hatchback model. The mechanicals are shared with the other Volkswagen A platform cars. It was also known in North America as the VW Rabbit Sportruck, which... Caddy | The Eurovan was the first front-engined van of German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen and is the successor of the famous classic VW Type 2 van. Variants The Eurovan, as it is called in the United States, is available in Europe in many versions both for personal and commercial use. Only... Eurovan/Transporter | The VW LT is a large panel van produced by Volkswagen. It is the largest van Volkswagen produce, being larger than the VW Eurovan/Transporter. It is available across Europe and also in South Africa. There are four main variants available: Panal Van, Chassis Cab, Double Cab, and Window Van... LT
The Volkswagen Beetle or Bug is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, of Germany, and almost certainly the world. Thanks to its distinctive shape and sound, its reliability, and presumably other factors, it now enjoys a cult status. The Beetle has been in production in various... Beetle (Type 1) | The VW Type 2 was the second automotive line introduced by German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen. It was a van introduced in 1950, initially based on their first model, the Beetle coupe, aka Type 1. The Type 2 is generally considered to be the forerunner of modern cargo and passenger vans... Bus/Transporter (Type 2) | The VW Type 3 was a small 2 door sedan produced by Volkswagen. Introduced in 1961 as a bigger brother to the VW Beetle, it re-used several components from the Beetle, including engine and gearbox parts. It was produced in several body styles, including Notchback, Fastback, Squareback and Station... 1500/1600 (Type 3) | The VW Type 4 was a medium sized 2 or 4 door sedan or 2 door station wagon built by Volkswagen. It was produced between the 1969 and 1974 model years. It was larger than the VW Type 3 and had a more powerful engine. The Type 3 and Type... 411/412 (Type 4) | The Karmann Ghia is a two-seater sports car marketed by Volkswagen, designed by the Italian firm Ghia, and built by German coach builder Karmann. Over 445,000 Karmann Ghias were produced between 1955 and 1974. History In the early 1950s Volkswagen was producing small, fuel efficient, reliable automobiles (Like... Karmann Ghia | Kübelwagen | The VW-Schwimmwagen was an amphibious vehicle used extensively by the German Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS during the Second World War. It was mechanically based on the Kübelwagen (which in turn was based on the civilian Volkswagen, later known as a VW Beetle), and was produced by the... Schwimmwagen | Categories: Automobile stubs | VW vehicles | Concept vehicles ... 1-litre concept
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