 Outside, inside, and depth micrometers A micrometer, also known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a widely used device in mechanical engineering for precisely measuring thickness of blocks, outer and inner diameters of shafts and depths of slots. Appearing frequently in metrology, the study of measurement, micrometers have several advantages over other types of measuring instruments like the vernier caliper. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1111x1111, 246 KB)Outside micrometer, inside micrometer, and depth micrometer. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1111x1111, 246 KB)Outside micrometer, inside micrometer, and depth micrometer. ...
Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. ...
Metrology (from Greek metron (measure), and -logy) is the science of measurement. ...
A vernier scale lets one read more precisely from a measurement scale. ...
For the brake caliper, see disc brake. ...
Types The image shows three common types of micrometers, the names are based on their application: - Outside micrometer
- Inside micrometer
- Depth micrometer
- Bore micrometer
- Tube micrometer
An outside micrometer is typically used to measure wires, spheres, shafts and blocks. An inside micrometer is commonly used to measure the diameter of holes, and a depth micrometer typically measures depths of slots and steps. The bore micrometer is typically a three anvil head on a micrometer base used to accurately measure inside diameters. Tube micrometers are used to measure the thickness of tubes.
The precision of a micrometer is achieved by a using a fine pitch screw mechanism.
An additional feature of micrometers is the inclusion of a spring-loaded ratchet thimble. Normally, one could use the mechanical advantage of the screw to force the micrometer to squeeze the material, giving an inaccurate measurement. However, by attaching a thimble that will ratchet or friction slip at a certain torque, the micrometer will not continue to advance once sufficient resistance is encountered. The accuracy of micrometres is checked by a gauge block or by a slip gauge. Gauge blocks (also known as gage blocks, Johansson gauges, or slip gauges) are precision ground and lapped measuring standards. ...
Gauge blocks (also known as gage blocks, Johansson gauges, or slip gauges) are precision ground and lapped measuring standards. ...
Reading an inch-system micrometer
 Micrometer thimble showing 0.276 inch The spindle of an inch-system micrometer has 40 threads per inch, so that one turn moves the spindle axially 0.025 inch (1 ÷ 40 = 0.025), equal to the distance between two graduations on the frame. The 25 graduations on the thimble allow the 0.025 inch to be further divided, so that turning the thimble through one division moves the spindle axially 0.001 inch (0.025 ÷ 25 = 0.001). To read a micrometer, count the number of whole divisions that are visible on the scale of the frame, multiply this number by 25 (the number of thousandths of an inch that each division represents) and add to the product the number of that division on the thimble which coincides with the axial zero line on the frame. The result will be the diameter expressed in thousandths of an inch. As the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., appear below every fourth sub-division on the frame, indicating hundreds of thousandths, the reading can easily be taken mentally. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1348x806, 108 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1348x806, 108 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie. ...
Suppose the thimble were screwed out so that graduation 2, and three additional sub-divisions, were visible (as shown in the image), and that graduation 1 on the thimble coincided with the axial line on the frame. The reading then would be .2000 +0.075 +0.001, or .276 inch.
Reading a metric micrometer
 Micrometer thimble reading 5.78mm The spindle of an ordinary metric micrometer has 2 threads per millimetre, and thus one complete revolution moves the spindle through a distance of 0.5 millimetre. The longitudinal line on the frame is graduated with 1 millimetre divisions and 0.5 millimetre subdivisions. The thimble has 50 graduations, each being 0.01 millimetre (one-hundredth of a millimetre). To read a metric micrometer, note the number of millimetre divisions visible on the scale of the sleeve, and add the total to the particular division on the thimble which coincides with the axial line on the sleeve. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1346x810, 104 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1346x810, 104 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie. ...
Suppose that the thimble were screwed out so that graduation 5, and one additional 0.5 subdivision were visible (as shown in the image), and that graduation 28 on the thimble coincided with the axial line on the sleeve. The reading then would be 5.00 +0.5 +0.28 = 5.78 mm.
Reading a vernier micrometer
 Micrometer sleeve (with vernier) reading 5.783mm Some micrometers are provided with a vernier scale on the sleeve in addition to the regular graduations. These permit measurements within 0.001 millimetre to be made on metric micrometers, or 0.0001 inches on inch-system micrometers. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1142x914, 100 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Micrometer User:Graibeard/gallery ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1142x914, 100 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Micrometer User:Graibeard/gallery ...
“Vernier†redirects here. ...
Metric micrometers of this type are read as follows: First determine the number of whole millimetres (if any) and the number of hundredths of a millimetre, as with an ordinary micrometer, and then find a line on the sleeve vernier scale which exactly coincides with one on the thimble. The number of this coinciding vernier line represents the number of thousandths of a millimetre to be added to the reading already obtained.
Thus, for example, a measurement of 5.783 millimetres would be obtained by reading 5.5 millimetres on the sleeve, and then adding 0.28 millimetre as determined by the thimble. The vernier would then be used to read the 0.003 (as shown in the image).
Inch micrometers are read in a similar fashion.
Note: 0.01 millimetre = 0.000393 inch, and 0.002 millimetre = 0.000078 inch (78 millionths) or alternately, 0.0001 inch = 0.00254 millimetres. Therefore, metric micrometers provide smaller measuring increments than comparable inch unit micrometers—the smallest graduation of an ordinary inch reading micrometer is 0.001 inch; the vernier type has graduations down to 0.0001 inch (0.00254 mm). When using either a metric or inch micrometer, without a vernier, smaller readings than those graduated may of course be obtained by visual interpolation between graduations.
History The first ever micrometric screw was invented by William Gascoigne in the 17th century, as an enhancement of the Vernier; it was used in a telescope to measure angular distances between stars. Its adaptation for the precise measurement of handheld objects was made by Jean Laurent Palmer of Paris in 1848[1]; this device is therefore often called palmer in France. The micrometer caliper was introduced to the mass market in anglophone countries by Brown & Sharpe in 1867,[2] allowing the penetration of the instrument's use into the average machine shop. In 1888 Edward Williams Morley added to the precision of micrometric measurements and proved their accuracy in a complex series of experiments. William Gascoigne (1612? – 1644) was an English maker of scientific instruments. ...
(16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...
A vernier scale lets one read more precisely from a measurement scale. ...
This article is about the capital of France. ...
American wire gauge (AWG) is used in the United States and other countries as a standard method of denoting wire diameter, especially for non-ferrous, electrically conducting wire. ...
Edward Williams Morley (January 29, 1838 - February 24, 1923) was an American scientist. ...
References
Notes - ^ Wickham Row 1916:212.
- ^ Wickham Row 1916:210-213, 215.
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