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Encyclopedia > Microscopic polyangiitis
Microscopic polyangiitis
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 M31.7
DiseasesDB 8193
eMedicine med/2931 

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is an ill-defined autoimmune disease characterized by pauci-immune, necrotizing, small-vessel vasculitis without clinical or pathological evidence of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Because many different organ systems may be involved, a wide range of symptoms are possible in MPA. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // M00-M99 - Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M25) Arthropathies (M00-M03) Infectious arthropathies (M00) Pyogenic arthritis (M01) Direct infections of joint in infectious and parasitic diseases classified elsewhere (M02) Reactive arthropathies (M023) Reiters disease (M03) Postinfective and reactive arthropathies in diseases classified elsewhere (M05-M14... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... In medicine, vasculitis (plural: vasculitides) is a group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels due to leukocyte migration and resultant damage. ... In medicine (anatomical pathology), a granuloma is a group of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by a lymphocyte cuff. ... An abscess on the skin, showing the redness and swelling characteristic of inflammation. ...

Contents

Diagnosis

Laboratory tests show an increased sedimentation rate, reduced red blood count, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) directed against [MPO(a constituent of neutrophil granules), and protein and red blood cells in the urine. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate, sed rate or Biernacki Reaction, is a non-specific measure of inflammation that is commonly used as a medical screening test. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses of ANCA, including the Australian company, ANCA Pty Ltd, see ANCA (disambiguation). ... Neutrophil granulocytes (commonly referred to as neutrophils) are a class of white blood cells and are part of the immune system. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...


The test for anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (GBM), which is positive in Goodpasture's syndrome, is negative. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM) is an antibody which is found in Goodpastures syndrome but not found in microscopic polyangiitis. ... Goodpasture’s syndrome (also known as Goodpasture’s disease and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease or anti-GBM disease) was first described by Ernest Goodpasture in 1919. ...


Cause

This condition, the clinical picture of which may include many features of systemic lupus erythematosis, has been reported to have been caused by antibiotics and also by certain infections, though, as with many autoimmune diseases, the causes remain to a large extent unknown. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ...


Treatment

The customary treatment involves long term dosage of prednisone, alternated or combined with cytotoxic drugs, such as cyclophosphamide or azathioprine. Plasmapheresis may also be indicated in the acute setting to remove ANCA antibodies. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Cytotoxicity is the quality of being poisonous to cells. ... Cyclophosphamide (the generic name for Cytoxan, Neosar) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. ... Azathioprine is a chemotherapy drug, now rarely used for chemotherapy but more for immunosuppression in organ transplantation, autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohns disease. ... Plasmapheresis is the removal of (components of) blood plasma from the circulation. ...


See also

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides Churg-Strauss syndrome Microscopic polyarteritis (Microscopic polyangiitis) Wegener granulomatosis Category: ... Polyarteritis nodosa (or periarteritis nodosa) is a serious blood vessel disease. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
2006 Pulmonary Pathology Specialty Conference Handout - Case 5 (1878 words)
Microscopic polyangiitis is a form of pauci-immune, generally ANCA-positive, systemic vasculitis which is almost always associated with a necrotizing cresentic glomerulonephritis and frequently associated with pulmonary hemorrhage.
Microscopic polyangiitis is unfamiliar to many pathologists and clinicians, and is frequently confused with polyarteritis nodosa.
The lung is involved in approximately 50% of cases of microscopic polyangiitis and and this involvement is usually in the form of capillaritis with hemorrhage, although necrotizing vasculitis may sometimes be seen in larger intrapulmonary vessels as well.
eMedicine - Microscopic Polyangiitis : Article by Mehran Farid-Moayer, MD (2734 words)
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) can manifest as a mild systemic vasculitis with mild renal insufficiency, or it can manifest as a full blown acute disease with rapid deterioration of renal function and respiratory failure due to pulmonary capillaritis.
Treatment of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) consists of 3 phases.
Watts RA, Jolliffe VA, Carruthers DM, et al: Effect of classification on the incidence of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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