Middlemarch
Title page of the first edition, Volume 1, published by William Blackwood and Sons in 1871
Author	George Eliot
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Genre(s)	Historical novel
Publisher	William Blackwood & Sons
Publication date	1871 to 1872 (in 8 parts)
Media type	Print (Hardback & Paperback)
ISBN	NA
Preceded by	Felix Holt, the Radical
Followed by	Daniel Deronda

Middlemarch is a novel by George Eliot (pen name of Mary Anne Evans). It was first published in 1871 to 1872. It is set in the 1830s in Middlemarch, a fictional provincial town in England, based on Coventry. Widely seen as Eliot's greatest work, it is considered by many scholars to be one of the most important novels of the Victorian era. ^[1] Middlemarch is a small town (population 300) within the limits of Dunedin city. ... Mary Ann (Marian) Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist. ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A historical novel a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the author. ... A publisher is a person or entity which engages in the act of publishing. ... William Blackwood (November 20, 1776 - September 16, 1834), Scottish publisher, founder of the firm of William Blackwood & Sons, was born of humble parents at Edinburgh. ... Hardcover books A hardcover (or hardback or hardbound) is a book bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with cloth, heavy paper, or sometimes leather). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... ISBN redirects here. ... Felix Holt, the Radical (1866) is a novel written by George Eliot. ... Daniel Deronda is a novel by George Eliot, first published in 1876. ... For other uses, see Novel (disambiguation). ... Mary Ann (Marian) Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Evolutionary theorist Charles Darwins expedition on the HMS Beagle. ... For other uses, see Coventry (disambiguation). ... The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ...

Plot summary

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Middlemarch is the story of the fictional town of Middlemarch in early 19th-century England. It can be characterized as a series of reflections upon the sometimes intertwining but often strikingly separate lives of a group of characters from different classes. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...

Book One: Miss Brooke

The novel begins with descriptions of the differences between Dorothea and her sister Celia: Dorothea is ardent and intellectually curious while Celia is materialistic and simple-hearted. Orphaned by the deaths of their parents, they live with their uncle Mr. Brooke. A well-meaning, honest, but ultimately ineffectual country gentleman with pretensions to Parliament, Brooke is a poor role-model for the girls. During a dinner at his estate, Brooke's neighbour Sir James Chettam attempts to curry favour with Dorothea, but Dorothea thinks his attentions ridiculous. During the same meal, Dorothea is attracted to an older gentleman, Edward Casaubon, because of her perception of his intellectual acuity. When Dorothea discovers that Sir James wishes to marry her, she is appalled. Shortly thereafter, she finds out that Casaubon has asked Mr. Brooke for her hand, and she readily accepts as she has visions of being his caretaker and intellectual help meet.

The focus of the book then shifts, through the course of town gossip, to the Vincy family. Rosamond Vincy is the beautiful daughter of the town's mayor; Fred is her irresponsible and debt-ridden brother. Fred is in love with Rosamond's friend, Mary Garth, but his advances towards her are rebuffed. Rosamond herself is captivated with a young doctor newly arrived in Middlemarch, Tertius Lydgate.

Book Two: Old and Young

Through the course of a dinner at the estate of Mr. Featherstone, the focus of the novel shifts to Mr. Lydgate. Tertius Lydgate is introduced as a young, progressive-thinking physician who has come to Middlemarch to practice medicine in a less institutionalized environment. But the young physician is drawn into the "petty politics" of "trivial Middlemarch business", to which he would otherwise be indifferent if not for the insistence of an influential benefactor. Towards Rosamond Vincy he is amiable, but he does not reciprocate her interest in him as his focus is on establishing his medical career.

Meanwhile, Dorothea Casaubon is on her wedding journey in Rome. During her stay, she comes to the realization that her own knowledge and experience of the world to date has been woefully inadequate. She is also despondent that her husband does not return her affectionate attentions towards him. The two have a disagreement one morning towards the end of their honeymoon in Rome in which each misunderstands the other. Casaubon mistakes Dorothea's request to be of aid with his intellectual endeavours to be a criticism of his inability to write a book on his scholarship while Dorothea's feelings of intellectual inadequacy compared to her husband increase.

Dorothea becomes better acquainted with Will Ladislaw, a young cousin to Mr. Casaubon who is financially dependent on Casaubon. Ladislaw disdains Mr. Casaubon, scorning Casaubon's coldness towards Dorothea. As Mr. and Mrs. Casaubon prepare to return to England, Ladislaw decides to pursue a new, independent course in life. Dorothea does not mention Ladislaw to her husband again as it arouses jealousy in Casaubon.

Book Three: Waiting for Death

The perspective of the novel shifts to the actions of Fred Vincy. Through irresponsible spending, he has accrued a sizable debt but can not go to his father for the funds because of other incidents of irresponsibility, including failing his university examinations. He convinces Caleb Garth, the father of Mary Garth, whom he has loved since childhood and who has a soft spot for Fred, to cover his loan for him saying that he is sure he will repay what he considers to be a paltry amount. This is one in a long line of Garth's poor decisions regarding money which result in his family's low social standing.

Fred attempts to regain the money but through his own stupidity and lack of money sense, he loses both his horse and most of the money he had managed to obtain. His main regret is in disappointing Mary Garth. However, he is confronted by the gravity of his irresponsibilities when he is informed that the Garths will be unable to send one of their children to school because the funds must be used to cover Fred's debts.

Dorothea (Mrs. Casaubon) and her husband return to Lowick from Rome. Mr. Casaubon's reactions to the marriage are elaborated on: it is revealed that he took a wife because of societal pressure and chose Dorthea in particular because she most embodied what he thought a wife should be. However, he failed to assess his own failings in being a husband, presuming that marriage will magically remove his melancholy nature. Dorothea feels trapped by the cold rebuttals of Mr. Casaubon when she asks to do something or shows affection. She becomes afraid to approach him and make any requests. Mr. Casaubon has an "attack" which is pronounced by Dr. Lydgate to be a symptom of a deadly disease; however, the possible length of his life is unknown.

Mrs. Bulstrode warns Mrs. Vincy and her daughter Rosamond, that she is making a mistake by letting Rosamond show affection toward the poor physician, Mr. Lydgate, without assurances that he will marry her - and a marriage to such a poor gentleman would be a shock to Rosamand given her spoiled way of living. Dr. Lydgate eventually proposes to Rosamand.

Mr. Featherstone is near death, and his parasitic family intrudes onto Stone Court. He refuses to grant them access to him. There is much speculation about his will. Hostility brews from the family towards Mary Garth and Fred Vincy, as they expect they will 'rob' the entitled near kin of an inheritance. In the night, Mr. Featherstone demands that Mary Garth burn a secretly drafted new will, but she refuses. Mr. Featherstone then dies.

Book Four: Three Love Problems

Mr. Featherstone's will is revealed. In the first will he left small sums to his family, a large sum of ten thousand pounds to Fred Vincy, and the estate of Stone Court to a heretofore unseen love child named Joshua Riggs. However, the newly drafted will, which he had urged Mary Garth to burn, set aside almost all of his money for a charitable home for old men and left intact the desire that Stone Court be inherited by Joshua Riggs, his illegitimate son, henceforth to be known by the name of Featherstone. His relatives are appalled and make snide comments, while Fred Vincy is crushed, and Mary Garth disappointed that she affected Fred Vincy by not burning the will as requested.

Will Ladislaw returns to Middlemarch as a protege of Mr. Brooke. Mr. Casaubon had refused to host him in Lowick, and now demands that he leave. Will refuses, and proceeds to work as an editor for The Pioneer, which Mr. Brooke has purchased as a tool in his bid for parliament. There is much criticism of Will Ladislaw as a "foreigner" for being indiscreet in his role as editor.

Rosamond marries Mr. Lydgate despite mild protestations from her family because of his small income. The Garths are relieved financially after Caleb is given many job opportunities; some come from the landlord Mr. Brooke, who desires to clean up the dilapidated properties of his tenants to become a more favorable politician after being criticized in The Trumpet. Joshua Riggs meets a questionable character called Raffles, his stepfather.

Book Five: The Dead Hand

Mr. Casaubon dies suddenly. His death releases Dorothea from the obligation of continuing his work, as he was about to solicit her promise before his death. There is a scandalous codicil in his will in which he requests that Dorothea be stripped of all her inheritance if she marries Will Ladislaw. Codicil can refer to: An addition made to a will Any addition or appendix, such as a corollary to a theorem A poem by Derek Walcott This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

Mr. Brooke blunders his speech for parliamentary office, and subsequently discards Will and The Pioneer. Mr. Farebrother makes intercession to Mary Garth on behalf of Fred Vincy, letting him know that Mary will not take his hand if he happens to become a clergyman. It is discovered that Mr. Raffles has a connection with Mr. Bulstrode. He meets him in Stone Court, after it is bought by Mr. Bulstrode from Joshua Riggs.

Book Six: The Widow and the Wife

Will Ladislaw says goodbye to Dorothea, informing her that he must leave Middlemarch, in an emotional farewell.

Fred Vincy is offered employment by Caleb Garth, apparently in anticipation of his wedding Mary Garth. Fred is all but disowned by his disappointed father, Mr. Vincy. Mrs. Garth intimates that Mr. Farebrother is in love with Mary and would be a much more suitable match. Thereafter, some small tension arises from Fred Vincy to Mr. Farebrother out of jealous competition for the hand of Mary, even though Mr. Farebrother is facilitating their relationship.

It is discovered that Rosamond has lost her child. She had an abortion, which is suspected to be due to her riding a horse with her visiting relative — a high-ranking gentleman from Lydgate's family. Meanwhile, Dr. Lydgate becomes increasingly troubled with his mounting debt. Rosamond evinces her deleterious stubborness and opposition to her husband, while their relationship grows strained with this and her anger at her husband for being "unpleasant", i.e., depriving her of material advantages, after he reveals the state of his financial burden, saying that they must cut back their expenses.

It is discovered that Mr. Bulstrode has a secret past in which he worked as a manager of a questionable pawnbroker. He married the widow of the owner, Will Ladislaw's grandmother, and kept her in ignorance of the whereabouts of her daughter, Mrs. Ladislaw, to whom she wished to bequeath her wealth. Mr. Bulstrode is increasingly troubled by Mr. Raffles, who knows this secret and uses it to blackmail him. He offers Will an annuity and inheritance as compensation, but Will refuses, seeing that his mother quit her family because of their dishonorable business. Mr. Bulstrode subsequently "wept like a woman".

Will visits Dorothea again, quitting her a second time. She was in some doubt as to his affection for her, thinking that it may have been for Mrs. Lydgate (Rosamond).

Book Seven: Two Temptations

Rosamond defies Tertius (Mr. Lydgate) by secretly sabotoging his efforts to sublet their house and applying to his uncle for money. Mr. Lydgate has let his wife know the extent of their debt, and she is mortified, though she shows a cold exterior, at the loss of all her material advantage. Tertius becomes more abrupt, scolding Rosamond with little effect, but always thereafter relents. His debt becomes well-known gossip in the town.

Mr. Raffles again returns with alcohol poisoning or withdrawal. Mr. Bulstrode offers him shelter in his home, and calls Dr. Lydgate to attend to him. However, Mr. Bulstrode intentionally disobeys Dr. Lydgate's orders, and allows him to be given too much opium and alcohol. As a result, the degenerate Raffles dies. Mr. Bulstrode recants his initial harshness, and offers a thousand dollar loan to Dr. Lydgate, unknowingly to Lydgate, in order to influence him. Mr. Bulstrode is relieved with the death (his murder) of Raffles, thinking that his secret past will be safe and he will continue to maintain his pristine (though sharply criticised) image in Middlemarch.

But word gets around Middlemarch of Mr. Bulstrode's past. It is thought (or gossiped) by Middlemarchers that he has killed Raffles and bribed Lydgate. He is confronted in a town hall meeting and asked to resign. After becoming limp and deathly pale, he is escorted home by Dr. Lydgate.

Book Eight: Sunset or Sunrise

Dorothea determines to help Mr. Lydgate.

Mrs. Harriet Bulstrode and Mrs. Rosamond Lydgate are told the discovery and disreputable position of their husbands; both by Mr. Vincy. Dorothea elicits the story of events from Lydgate, and determines to clear his name and counsel his wife. When going to counsel his wife, she discovers Rosamond and Will Ladislaw in a compromising position. She becomes dejected at the thought that Will was not pure, and made love to her in false. Will curses Rosamond for ruining his image with Mrs. Casaubon.

Dorothea, after having wept the night, decides to return to counsel Rosamond against an affair with Ladislaw. She succeeds in repairing Lydgate's repute in the eyes of Rosamond, and discovers that she was mistaken in her assessment of Will Ladislaw.

The (infamous) Reform bill is defeated.

Dorothea and Will Ladislaw become engaged to the utter shock of her family and friends. Sir James Chettam is especially hostile to Will Ladislaw. Mr. Bulstrode has his wife Harriet propose to Caleb Garth that he allow Fred Vincy, her nephew, to become a live-in manager of the farm Stone Court, enabling Fred Vincy to marry Mary Garth.

Finale

Fred and Mary had three boys. He managed the farm successfully, but never became rich. (Fortunately, the boys resembled the Vincys and not the plain Garths.) They grew aged at Stone Court.

Lydgate died early at age fifty of diphtheria. He and Rosamond had several children. He became rich in London as an expert on gout. Rosamond remarried a rich doctor at his death, and referred to this as a "reward" for putting up with his temperamental nature.

Dorothea and Will lived in London. Will became a member of parliament. They had a son who inherited the Grange from Mr. Brooke, who lived to old age. They were reconciled with Dorothea's family.

Themes in "Middlemarch"

Education

The book examines the role of education in the lives of the characters and how such education and study has affected the characters. Rosamond Vincy's finishing school education is a foil to Dorothea Brooke's religiously-motivated quest for knowledge. Rosamond initially admires Lydgate for his exotic education, and his intellect. A similar dynamic is present in Dorothea and Casaubon's relationship, with Dorothea revering her new husband's intellect and eloquence. In both cases, however, the young wives' expectations of their husbands intellects are not reflected in reality.

Despite extreme erudition, Mr. Casaubon is afraid to publish because he believes that he must write a work that is utterly above criticism. In contrast, Lydgate at times arrogantly flaunts his knowledge, making enemies with his fellow physicians. He regards the residents of Middlemarch with a certain amount of contempt stemming from his belief that the townspeople are backwards and uninteresting. However, his education has not included tact and politicking, skills necessary in a small town but are seen by Lydgate as below him, the brilliant doctor.

Characters in "Middlemarch"

• Dorothea Brooke — An intelligent, wealthy young woman who aspires to do great work. Spurning signs of wealth in the form of jewels or fancy clothes, she embarks upon projects such as redesigning cottages for the tenants of her miserly, careless uncle. She can seldom get anyone to take her ideas seriously, and she decides to marry the Reverend Edward Casaubon, many decades her senior, in order to help him with the writing of his great research. The marriage is quickly revealed to be a mistake, as Casaubon does not take her seriously and resents her. She finds in the Reverend's cousin Will Ladislaw a kindred spirit, and the two become friends. After Casaubon's death, the two fall in love but fight their attraction due to the scandalousness of their relationship--Casaubon included in his will the provision that if she were to marry Ladislaw, she would be disinherited. Eventually they marry and move to London.
• Tertius Lydgate — An idealistic, proud, passionate, and talented but naive young doctor of good birth but small financial means, he hopes to make great advancements in medicine through his research and the charity hospital in Middlemarch. He ends up entangled with Rosamond Vincy, and they marry. His pride and attempts to show that he is not answerable to any man end up backfiring and he eventually leaves town. He quickly falls out of love with his wife and ends up sacrificing all of his high ideals in order to make a living that will please Rosamond.
• Rev. Edward Casaubon — A middle-aged to elderly clergyman who is obsessed with finishing his scholarly research, to the exclusion of other people and things. He marries Dorothea Brooke, leading to a loveless marriage. His unfinished book The Key to All Mythologies is intended as a monument to the tradition of Christian syncretism.
• Mary Garth — The practical, plain, and kind daughter of Caleb and Susan Garth, she works as Mr. Featherstone's nurse. She and Fred Vincy were childhood sweethearts, but she refuses even to encourage him to woo her until he shows himself willing and able to live seriously, practically, and sincerely.
• Mr. Brooke — The often befuddled and none-too-clever uncle of Dorothea and Celia Brooke. He has a reputation for being the worst landlord in the county, but tries to stand for parliament on a Reform platform.
• Celia Brooke — Dorothea's more conventional younger sister, who does not share Dorothea's idealism and asceticism.
• Sir James Chettam — A neighbouring landowner, Sir James is in love with Dorothea and tries to ingratiate himself to her by helping her with her plans to improve conditions for the tenants. When she marries Casaubon, he marries Celia Brooke instead.
• Rosamond Vincy — Vain, beautiful, shallow, and extremely narcissistic, Rosamond has a high opinion of her own charms and a low opinion of Middlemarch society. She marries Tertius Lydgate because she believes that he will raise her social standing and keep her comfortable and carefree. When her husband encounters financial difficulties, she thwarts his efforts to economise, unable to bear the idea of losing status in Middlemarch society.
• Fred Vincy — Rosamond's brother. He has loved Mary Garth since they were children. His family is hoping that he will find a secure life and advance his class standing by becoming a clergyman, but he knows that Mary will not marry him if he does become one. Brought up with expectations from his uncle Mr. Featherstone, he has a tendency to be spendthrift and irresponsible, but later longs to find a profession at which he can be successful, and which Mary will respect.
• Will Ladislaw — A young cousin of Mr. Casaubon, he has no property because his grandmother married a poor Polish musician and was disinherited. He is a man of great verve, idealism and talent but of no fixed profession. He comes to love Dorothea, but cannot marry her without her losing Mr. Casaubon's property.
• Mr. & Mrs. Cadwallader — Neighbours of the Brookes. Mr. Cadwallader is a clergyman. Mrs. Cadwallader is a pragmatic woman who disapproves Dorothea's marriage and Mr. Brookes's parliamentary endeavors.
• Mr. & Mrs. Vincy — A respectable manufacturing family. They wish their children to advance socially, and are disappointed by both Rosamond's and Fred's marriages.
• Mr. Caleb Garth — Mary Garth's father. He is a kind, honest, and generous businessman who is involved in farm management. He is fond of Fred and eventually takes him under his wing.
• Mr. Farebrother — A poor but clever clergyman and amateur naturalist. He is a friend of Lydgate and Fred Vincy, and loves Mary Garth.
• Nicholas Bulstrode — Wealthy banker married to Mr. Vincy's sister. He is a pious Methodist who tries to impose his beliefs in Middlemarch society. However, he also has a sordid past which he is desperate to hide. His religion, consisting of "broken metaphor and bad logic," consistently favors his personal desires but is devoid of sympathy for others. He is an unhappy man who has longed for years to be better than he is, who has clad his selfish passions in severe robes.
• Mr. Featherstone — Old landlord of Stone Court who married Caleb Garth's sister and later took Mr. Vincy's sister as his second wife when his first wife died.
• Mr. Hawley — Foul-mouthed businessman and enemy of Bulstrode.
• Mr. Mawmsey — Grocer.
• Dr. Sprague — Middlemarch doctor.
• Mr. Tyke — Clergyman favoured by Bulstrode.
• John Raffles — Holds the key to Bulstrode's dark past and Lydgate's future. Bulstrode believes his secret will be safe with Raffles' demise.
• Adolf Naumann — A German Painter in the Nazarene movement. He is the combination of two real Nazarene painters, Johann Friedrich Overbeck and Joseph von Führich.^[2]

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... -1... Self-portrait with family, c. ... The walk to Emmaus, painted by Josef von Führich Joseph von Führich (February 9, 1800 - March 13, 1876), Austrian painter, was born at Kratzau in Bohemia. ...

Literary significance and reception

Virginia Woolf described Middlemarch as, "one of the few English novels written for grown-up people".^[3] In addition, V. S. Pritchett, in The Living Novel, wrote, "No Victorian novel approaches Middlemarch in its width of reference, its intellectual power, or the imperturbable spaciousness of its narrative ... I doubt if any Victorian novelist has as much to teach the modern novelists as George Eliot ... No writer has ever represented the ambiguities of moral choice so fully".^[4] Critic Jerome Beaty argues that one could read Middlemarch as George Eliot's Reform novel, although political history is represented only "indirectly". ^[5] For the American writer, see Virginia Euwer Wolff. ... Victor Sawdon Pritchett (December 16, 1900 - March 20, 1997), was a British writer and critic. ... Mary Ann (Marian) Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist. ... The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of the United Kingdom. ...

Popular since its first publication,^[6] the novel remains a favourite with readers today. In January 2007, a book entitled The Top Ten (edited by J. Peder Zane) listed Middlemarch as number ten in its list of The 10 Greatest Books of All Time, based on the ballots of 125 selected writers. ^[7]

Allusions and references in other works

This article or section contains too many minor or trivial fictional references. Mere trivia, or references unimportant to the overall plot of a work of fiction, should be deleted. See also what Wikipedia is.

References to Middlemarch have appeared in other artistic works. Morrissey refers to Middlemarch in The Smiths' How Soon Is Now?, with the opening lyric 'I am the son and the heir to nothing in particular'; Fred Vincy in Middlemarch bemoans his lot 'to be the son of a Middlemarch merchant and heir to nothing in particular'.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Look up trivia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In literature, a plot is all the events in a story particularly rendered towards the achievement of some particular artistic or emotional effect. ... For other uses, see Morrissey (disambiguation). ... The Smiths were an English rock band active from 1982 to 1987. ... How Soon Is Now? is a 1984 song written by Morrissey and Johnny Marr and first released by their band The Smiths. ...

In the collectible card game "Arcadia" (based on the role-playing game "Changeling: the Dreaming", the faerie realm of Ardenmore is bordered on the south by a rival kingdom of clockwork soldiers and enslaved faeries known as Middlemarch. Arcadia's second and final edition, "King Ironheart's Madness", is set entirely in Middlemarch and displays the kingdom's gritty Industrial-Revolution-gone-mad milieu.

Film, TV, or theatrical adaptations

Middlemarch has been adapted for television twice and will be the subject of a forthcoming film.

• 1968: Middlemarch, a BBC production directed by Joan Craft. ^[8]
• 1994: Middlemarch, a BBC production directed by Anthony Page and with a screenplay by Andrew Davies.
• 2009: Middlemarch, to be directed by Sam Mendes and with a screenplay by Andrew Davies.^[9]

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Andrew Wynford Davies (born September 20, 1936 in Rhiwbina, Cardiff, Wales) is a British screenwriter. ... Samuel Alexander Mendes CBE (born 1 August 1965) is an English stage and film director. ...

Footnotes

For the American writer, see Virginia Euwer Wolff. ...

References

• Neale, Catherine (1989). George Eliot, Middlemarch. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-077173-5. 
• Dentith, Simon (1986). George Eliot. Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press. ISBN 0-7108-0588-8. 
• Graver, Suzanne (1984). George Eliot and Community: A Study in Social Theory and Fictional Form. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04802-4. 
• Ashton, Rosemary (1983). George Eliot. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-287627-9. 
• Garrett, Peter K. (1980). The Victorian Multiplot Novel: Studies in Dialogical Form. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02403-7. 
• Swinden, Patrick (ed.) (1972). George Eliot: Middlemarch: A Casebook. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-02119-3. 
• Carroll, David (ed.) (1971). George Eliot: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 0-7100-6936-7. 
• Daiches, David (1963). George Eliot: Middlemarch. London: Arnold. 
• Harvey, W. J. (1961). The Art of George Eliot. London: Chatto & Windus. 
• Beaty, Jerome (1960). Middlemarch from Notebook to Novel: A Study of George Eliot's Creative Method. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 
• Kettle, Arnold (1951). An Introduction to the English Novel, Volume I: To George Eliot. London: Hutchinson. 
• Leavis, F. R. (1948). The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad. London: Chatto & Windus. 

Frank Raymond Leavis (July 14, 1895 - April 14, 1978) was an influential British literary critic of the early-to-mid-twentieth century. ...

Further reading

Scholarship

• Beaty, Jerome (December 1957). "History by Indirection: The Era of Reform in "Middlemarch"". Victorian Studies 1 (2): 173-179. ISSN 0042-5222. 
• Chase, Karen. Middlemarch in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ...

External links

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• Middlemarch at the Victorian Web
• Digitized copy of first edition of Middlemarch, a study of provincial life: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4.