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Midnight Cowboy
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	John Schlesinger
Produced by	Jerome Hellman
Written by	James Leo Herlihy Waldo Salt
Starring	Dustin Hoffman Jon Voight
Music by	John Barry
Cinematography	Adam Holender
Editing by	Hugh A. Robertson
Distributed by	United Artists
Release date(s)	May 25, 1969
Running time	113 min.
Country
Language	English Italian
Budget	$3.6 million
Gross revenue	$44,785,053
Official website
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 drama film based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy. It was written by Waldo Salt, directed by John Schlesinger, and stars Dustin Hoffman and then-newcomer Jon Voight in the title role. Notable smaller roles are filled by Sylvia Miles, John McGiver, Brenda Vaccaro, and Barnard Hughes. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. Midnight Cowboy is a 1965 novel by James Leo Herlihy (27 February 1927-21 October 1993) that chronicles the dim-witted Texan Joe Bucks odyssey from Texas to New York, New York, where he plans on realizing his dream of becoming a male prostitute servicing rich ladies. ... Image File history File links Midnight_Cowboy. ... John Richard Schlesinger CBE (February 16, 1926 – July 25, 2003) was an English film director. ... Jerome Hellman is an American film producer who was born on 4 September 1928 in New York City. ... James Leo Herlihy (27 February 1927-21 October 1993) was an American novelist and playwright, best known for his works Midnight Cowboy and Blue Denim. ... Waldo Salt (October 18, 1914 - March 7, 1987) was a Hollywood screenwriter. ... Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning, BAFTA-winning, and five-time Golden Globe-winning American method actor. ... John Vincent Voight (born December 29, 1938) is an Academy Award-winning American actor. ... John Barry, OBE (born John Barry Prendergast on 3 November 1933 in York, England) is a renowned Golden Globe and five-time Academy Award-winning English film score composer. ... Hugh A. Robertson (May 28, 1932 - January 10, 1988) was a film director and editor. ... This article is about the film studio. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The year 1969 in film involved some significant events. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The year 1969 in film involved some significant events. ... A drama film is a film that depends mostly on in-depth character development, interaction, and highly emotional themes. ... See also: 1964 in literature, other events of 1965, 1966 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Midnight Cowboy is a 1965 novel by James Leo Herlihy (27 February 1927-21 October 1993) that chronicles the dim-witted Texan Joe Bucks odyssey from Texas to New York, New York, where he plans on realizing his dream of becoming a male prostitute servicing rich ladies. ... James Leo Herlihy (27 February 1927-21 October 1993) was an American novelist and playwright, best known for his works Midnight Cowboy and Blue Denim. ... Waldo Salt (October 18, 1914 - March 7, 1987) was a Hollywood screenwriter. ... John Richard Schlesinger CBE (February 16, 1926 – July 25, 2003) was an English film director. ... Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning, BAFTA-winning, and five-time Golden Globe-winning American method actor. ... John Vincent Voight (born December 29, 1938) is an Academy Award-winning American actor. ... Sylvia Miles (born September 9, 1932) is a two-time Academy Award-nominated American actress. ... John Irwin McGiver (November 5, 1913 - September 9, 1975) was an American character actor who made many appearances in television and motion pictures. ... Brenda Buell Vaccaro (born November 18, 1939) is an Academy Award-nominated, Golden Globe-winning American actress. ... Barnard Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006), born Bernard Aloysius Kiernan Hughes[1], was an American character actor of theater and film. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ...

Plot

The film follows the story of a young Texan named Joe Buck (Jon Voight), who works washing dishes in a diner. He wishes to leave the restaurant, declaring to a workmate, "What the hell have I got to sit around here for?" As the movie opens, Joe dresses himself like a rodeo cowboy, packs a suitcase, and quits his job. He heads to New York City in the hope of leading the life of a "kept" man. He tells people he meets, "I ain't a for-real cowboy, but I am one hell of a stud!" For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... John Vincent Voight (born December 29, 1938) is an Academy Award-winning American actor. ... For other uses, see Rodeo (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cowboy (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Male prostitution is the sale of sexual services by a male prostitute with either male or female clients. ...

Joe's naiveté becomes evident as quickly as his cash disappears upon his arrival in New York. He is hilariously, yet sadly, unsuccessful in his attempts to be hired as a "stud" for wealthy women. The naive Joe meets the crippled Enrico "Ratso" Rizzo (Dustin Hoffman), a third-rate con man who easily tricks Joe out of twenty dollars by offering to introduce him to a well-known pimp, who instead turns out to be a religious fanatic. Joe flees the scene in pursuit of Ratso, but he is long gone. As Joe's money quickly runs out, he finally attempts to make money by sleeping with another man, but even this plan goes awry. (The novel does refer to previous homosexual activity by Joe, but explains that he'd pursued it more in hopes to please a male friend than out of desire.) Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning, BAFTA-winning, and five-time Golden Globe-winning American method actor. ... The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade was the last major novel by Herman Melville, the American writer and author of Moby-Dick. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ...

Joe then spots an unsuspecting Rizzo at a diner. Joe has been homeless after being locked out of his hotel room for failure to pay the bill. He has been sleeping in all-night movie theaters and bus stations. Joe angrily shakes Ratso down for every penny he has, but Ratso surprisingly offers to help Joe, by sharing his "place"; an apartment in a condemned building. Joe reluctantly accepts the offer, and they begin a "business" relationship, helping each other pickpocket, steal and further attempt to get Joe hired as a "stud". Pickpocketing is a crime, a form of larceny which involves the stealing of money and valuables off the person of a victim without them noticing. ...

The events of Joe's life are told in mostly chronological order, interspersed by flashbacks. He had been to church and baptized as a boy, but had only frightening memories of the experience, and he related religion with disappointment. The only two people Joe loved were his grandmother Sally, and his onetime girlfriend "Crazy Annie" (called "Chalkline Annie" in the novel). His grandmother raised Joe after his mother abandoned him, but often left him alone to go off with boyfriends. (One of them, a wrangler named Woodsy Niles, was Joe's only father figure.) Sally died while Joe was away serving in the Army. Annie had been a promiscuous girl, who changed her ways after meeting Joe. This didn't sit well with the men of their hometown. After the two were caught together having sex in a car, the mob rapes both Annie and Joe Buck; later Annie was sent to a mental institution. She remains a constant presence in Joe's mind. In literature and film, a flashback (also called analepsis) takes the narrative back in time from the point the story has reached, to recount events that happened before and give the back-story. ... This article is about the Christian religious act of Baptism. ... In North America a wrangler is someone employed to handle animals professionally, especially horses, but also others. ... Promiscuous redirects here. ...

Ratso's story comes mostly through things he tells Joe. His father was an illiterate shoeshiner who worked in a subway station, developed a bad back, and "coughed his lungs out breathin' in that wax every day!" Ratso learned shining from his father, but refused to follow (such as he could, after polio crippled one leg) in the old man's footsteps. World illiteracy rates by country Literacy is the ability to read and write. ... A boot polisher on a railway platform in Mumbai, India Shoeshiner is a profession in which a person polishes shoes with shoe polish. ... Poliomyelitis (polio), or infantile paralysis, is a viral paralytic disease. ...

Joe and Ratso also steal things as they need them, and pull minor scams like loading up on saltine crackers and ketchup at diners, and checking every coin slot they see for change. They are both completely alone without each other, and a genuine bond develops between the two men. Ratso had a cough when the two first met during the summer, and as the story progresses, his health steadily worsens. His symptoms indicate a likely case of tuberculosis, but Ratso refuses to see a doctor, professing he'll be fine "when I get to Florida!" In the meantime he consumes cough medicines. A saltine or soda cracker is a thin, usually square cracker made from white flour, shortening, yeast, and baking soda, with some varieties lightly sprinkled with coarse salt. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... Cough medicine often contains cough suppressants and expectorants. ...

Joe and Enrico

At one point, a bizarre-looking couple approach Joe and Ratso in a diner and hand Joe a flyer inviting him to a party. The two men go together and enter into a Warhol-esque party scene (with some of the Warhol superstars in cameo appearances). The naive Joe smokes an entire marijuana joint thinking it was a cigarette, then takes a pill offered to him and begins to hallucinate. He leaves the party with a socialite (Vaccaro), who agrees to pay him $20 for one night with him. Ratso falls down a flight of stairs, but insists he is fine, and makes his own way home. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Factory was Andy Warhols original New York City studio from 1963 to 1968, although his later studios were known as The Factory as well. ... The Warhol superstars were a group of people gathered by Andy Warhol, Paul Morrissey, and Gerard Malanga to be in Warhols films and accompany him in his social life. ... A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the performing arts, such as plays, films, video games and television. ... A Cannabis sativa plant The drug cannabis, also called marijuana, is produced from parts of the cannabis plant, primarily the cured flowers and gathered trichomes of the female plant. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Joe and the socialite attempt sex, but he suffers from temporary impotence. After sleeping, they play a puzzle game together. She suggests that Joe may be gay, then continues to mildly tease him. Joe is suddenly able to perform, and the two have rough, enthusiastic sex. Erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis. ...

When Joe returns home later, Ratso is in bed, sweating and feverish, and admits to Joe that he is unable to walk. Joe wants to take Ratso to a doctor, but Ratso adamantly refuses, saying he does not want to end up in Bellevue Hospital or someplace worse. He wants to leave New York for Miami; this has been his goal the whole time. Ratso is clearly gravely ill. A frightened Joe is determined to take care of his friend, and leaves the apartment. Bellevue Hospital is a famous hospital located in New York City, New York, United States. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ...

Joe picks up an older male customer (Barnard Hughes), who tries to send him away at the last minute out of guilt. Joe is enraged when the customer gives him a religious medallion, instead of cash when Joe says he needs it. He beats and robs the man, stuffing the telephone into his mouth when he tries to call for help. (It's unclear whether the man dies as a result of Joe's attack; in the next sequence, on the bus to Florida, Ratso asks Joe, "You didn't kill him, did you?" to which Joe replies, "I don't want to talk about it.") Barnard Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006), born Bernard Aloysius Kiernan Hughes[1], was an American character actor of theater and film. ...

With the money, Joe buys two bus tickets to Florida. Ratso's physical condition is clearly serious, and the point is driven home by a bus scene in which Ratso awakens to find he has urinated on himself. When he tells Joe, Joe makes a joke by saying, "You just took a little rest stop that wasn't on the schedule!" They laugh together, but their powerful denial is now evident. Joe stops to buy new clothing for Ratso and himself on the way. Joe throws away his cowboy outfit, and declares "I ain't no kinda hustler." As they reach Florida and near Miami, Joe talks about plans to get a regular job, only to ultimately realize that Ratso has died sitting beside him.

After Joe informs the bus driver, the driver tells him that there is nothing else to do, but leave him there until they arrive in Miami. The final scene is of a horrified Joe seated beside his dead friend, placing his arm around him, with several of the other passengers standing up and turning around in their seats to stare.

Cast

• Dustin Hoffman as Enrico "Ratso" Rizzo
• Jon Voight as Joe Buck
• Sylvia Miles as Cass
• John McGiver as Mr. O'Daniel
• Brenda Vaccaro as Shirley
• Barnard Hughes as Towny

Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning, BAFTA-winning, and five-time Golden Globe-winning American method actor. ... John Vincent Voight (born December 29, 1938) is an Academy Award-winning American actor. ... Sylvia Miles (born September 9, 1932) is a two-time Academy Award-nominated American actress. ... John Irwin McGiver (November 5, 1913 - September 9, 1975) was an American character actor who made many appearances in television and motion pictures. ... Brenda Buell Vaccaro (born November 18, 1939) is an Academy Award-nominated, Golden Globe-winning American actress. ... Barnard Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006), born Bernard Aloysius Kiernan Hughes[1], was an American character actor of theater and film. ...

Production

The opening scenes were filmed in Big Spring, Texas. UNDER CONSTRUCTION ...

The line "I'm walkin' here!", which reached #27 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes, is often said to have been improvised, but producer Jerome Hellman disputes this account on the 2-disc DVD set of Midnight Cowboy. The cab was driven by a hired actor during a scripted take, and production team filmed it to look like an ad-lib. However, Hoffman told it differently on an installment of Bravo's Inside the Actors Studio. He stated that there were many takes to hit that traffic light just right so they didn't have to pause while walking. That take, the timing was perfect and the cab came out of nowhere and nearly hit them. Hoffman wanted to say "We're filming a movie here!" But from brain to mouth, it came out in the now famous line. Part of the AFI 100 Years. ... This article is about the U.S. cable network. ... Inside the Actors Studio is the Emmy-nominated, longest-running original series on the Bravo cable television channel, hosted by James Lipton. ...

Before Dustin Hoffman auditioned for this film, he knew that his all-American image could easily cost him the job. To prove he could do it, he asked the auditioning film executive to meet him on a street corner in Manhattan, and in the meantime, dressed himself in filthy rags. The executive arrived at the appointed corner and waited, barely noticing the "beggar" less than ten feet away who was accosting people for spare change. At last, the beggar walked up to him and revealed his true identity.^{[citation needed]}

Schlesinger chose the song "Everybody's Talkin'" (written by Fred Neil and performed by Harry Nilsson) as its theme, and the song reappears throughout the movie. (Other songs considered for the movie included Nilsson's own "I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City", Randy Newman's "Cowboy", and reportedly Bob Dylan's "Lay Lady Lay".) The song "He Quit Me" was also on the soundtrack; it was written by Warren Zevon, who also included it (as "She Quit Me") on his debut album Wanted Dead or Alive. Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15, 1941 – January 15, 1994) was an American songwriter, singer, pianist, and guitarist, most popular during the 1960s and 1970s. ... For the boxer, see Randy Neumann. ... This article is about the recording artist. ... Lay Lady Lay is a song written by Bob Dylan and originally released in 1969 on his Nashville Skyline album. ... Warren William Zevon (January 24, 1947 – September 7, 2003) was a Grammy Award-winning American rock singer-songwriter and musician. ... Wanted Dead or Alive is the first album by singer/songwriter Warren Zevon, released in 1969. ...

Controversy

The sex scenes in this movie were considered shocking in 1969. There were only bare breasts and buttocks shown, though there are brief gang rape scenes of both "Crazy Annie" and Joe. While the MPAA was prepared to give the film an R rating upon their initial viewing, the co-chairman of United Artists, Arthur Krim, insisted upon self-applying an X rating on the advice of psychiatrist Aaron Stern, later to become an official MPAA ratings board consultant. It soon became the first X-rated film to win an Academy Award. At the time, X ratings had not yet become associated with the pornography industry. Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... okay that is all ... Bottom commonly refers to the human buttocks but also has other uses. ... The MPAA film rating system is a system used in the United States and territories and instituted by the Motion Picture Association of America to rate a movie based on its content. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This article is about the film studio. ... Arthur B. Krim (d. ... X-rated, X certificate, X classification or similar terms are labels for movies implying strong adult content, typically pornography or violence. ... For other uses, see Psychiatrist (disambiguation). ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ...

Late in 1970 United Artists had the film re-submitted to the ratings board in order to change the rating to R, increasing the number of screens it could play on in re-release, since many theaters would not play X-rated films, and many newspapers would not accept advertising for them. Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Some modern critics assume an unstated homosexual relationship between the main characters, and at the 78th Academy Awards, host Jon Stewart joked about Brokeback Mountain being an Oscar contender despite its subject matter, saying "It's been more than 35 years when people would watch Midnight Cowboy and say 'What the hell was that all about?' Well, now we have fully accepted this new genre of cinema: gay westerns!" The 78th Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 2005, were held on March 5, 2006 at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, California. ... Not to be confused with John Stewart, John Stuart or Jonathan Stewart. ... This article is about the motion picture. ...

Awards

The film won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay; it is the only X-rated film to win an Oscar in any category. (Coincidentally, the previous year had seen the sole G-rated Best Picture winner, Oliver!) Both Hoffman and Voight were nominated for Best Actor awards and Sylvia Miles was nominated for Best Supporting Actress, in what is the shortest nominated performance ever recognized (clocking in under four minutes of screen-time). Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... ©A.M.P.A.S.® The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to artists working in the motion picture industry. ... The Academy Award for Directing is one of the awards given to directors working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. ... The Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent film awards in the United States. ... X-rated, X certificate, X classification or similar terms are labels for movies implying strong adult content, typically pornography or violence. ... The MPAA film rating system is a system used in the United States and instituted by the Motion Picture Association of America to rate a movie based on its content. ... Oliver! is an Academy Award winning film and 1968 musical film directed by Carol Reed and based on the stage musical Oliver!. Both the film and play are based on the famous Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist. ... Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. ... Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. ...

The film won six BAFTA Awards. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organization that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, childrens film and television, and interactive media. ...

John Barry, who supervised the music for the film, won a Grammy for Best Instrumental Theme. "Everybody's Talkin'" also won a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance, for Harry Nilsson. John Barry, OBE (born John Barry Prendergast on 3 November 1933 in York, England) is a renowned Golden Globe and five-time Academy Award-winning English film score composer. ... The Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media has been awarded since 1960. ... The Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance has been awarded since 1966. ... Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15, 1941 – January 15, 1994) was an American songwriter, singer, pianist, and guitarist, most popular during the 1960s and 1970s. ...

In 1994, this film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Construction of the Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888 to May 15, 1894. ... The National Film Registry is the registry of films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress. ...

Legacy

This section does not cite any references or sources. (May 2008) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

For Hoffman, the role enabled him to avoid any typecasting due to his previous role in The Graduate and started his career as an actor of considerable dramatic range. Voight went on to have a long, respectable acting career himself, with roles in Catch-22, Deliverance, Conrack, The Champ, Coming Home, National Treasure, Bratz: The Movie and other movies. Typecasting is the process by which an actor is strongly identified with a specific character, one or more particular roles, or characters with the same traits or ethnic grouping. ... For the novel of the same name, see The Graduate (novel). ... Catch-22 is a 1970 film, adapted from the book of the same name by Joseph Heller. ... This article is about the film. ... Conrack can refer to: A glass or plastic jar-like vessel used for fermenting beer and wine. ... The Champ is a 1979 remake of the 1931 Academy Award-winning film of the same name. ... Coming Home is a 1978 film which tells the story of a handicapped Vietnam War veterans difficulty in re-entering civilian life after his return from the war. ... The idea of national treasure, like national epics and national anthems, is part of the language of Romantic nationalism, which arose in the late 18th century and 19th centuries. ...

The final scene with Joe's arms around Rizzo was parodied in the 1994 Seinfeld episode "The Mom & Pop Store": Jerry was the Joe Buck character comforting Kramer, who had a bloody nose. The theme song "Everybody's Talkin'" was played during this scene, and George at an earlier point sings it, improvising the line, "Just drivin' around in Jon Voight's car." For other uses, see Seinfeld (disambiguation). ... The Mom & Pop Store is the 94th episode of NBC sitcom Seinfeld. ...

The movie Forrest Gump parodies the famous "I'm walking here!" line when Gump pushes Lieutenant Dan's wheelchair across a crowded Manhattan street. Forrest gump redirects here. ...

An episode of American Dad! titled "Irregarding Steve" parodies the movie, with Roger the alien as the Rizzo character developing a steadily worsening cough after arriving in New York and Steve eventually donning a cowboy outfit similar to Joe's. The episode parodies several important scenes from Midnight Cowboy, including the final scene bus ride. American Dad! is a satirical American animated series produced by Underdog Productions and Fuzzy Door Productions for 20th Century Fox Television. ... Irregarding Steve is a second season episode of the FOX animated series American Dad!. Spoiler warning: Steves high opinion of his dads intelligence is shattered when he receives a failing grade on a presentation on fossils that Stan helped him with. ...

The 2006 film Apocalypto features a scene where sacrificial captives are being taken to the great Mayan city by a band of warriors. A group of lumberjacks cuts down a tree, nearly crushing the captives. The leader of the warriors, Zero Wolf, yells out, "I am walking here!" Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Apocalypto is an Academy Award-nominated 2006 epic film directed by Mel Gibson, starring Rudy Youngblood. ...

The movie "Back to the Future 2" has the Micheal J. Fox (playing his future son) coming out of the diner and almost being hit by a car, yelling "I'm walking here!" at the vehicle as it speeds away. Back to the Future Part II Video cover Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 film and is the second part of a trilogy, coming after Back to the Future and followed by Back to the Future Part III. It was directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by...

The Futurama episode "Brannigan Begin Again" a montage scene based on Midnight Cowboy. After the two characters Zapp Brannigan and Kif (as Joe and Ratso respectively) are discharged from the military, trying to survive in the world, including resorting to prostitution This article is about the television series. ... Brannigan Begin Again is episode two in season two of Futurama. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Midnight Cowboy

• Official site
• Midnight Cowboy at the Internet Movie Database
• Midnight Cowboy at Allmovie
• Midnight Cowboy at Filmsite.org
• Interview with Jennifer Salt ("Crazy Annie")
• Liner notes from the original Criterion Laserdisc