 Midsummer celebration, Åmmeberg, Sweden Midsummer refers to the period of time centered upon the summer solstice and the religious celebrations that accompany it. Midsummer-related holidays, traditions and celebrations, many of which are non-Christian in origin (apart from the designation "St John's Day"), are particularly important in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, but found also in other parts of Germanic Europe and elsewhere. Image File history File links Maypole_Sweden. ...
Image File history File links Maypole_Sweden. ...
Åmmeberg is a small swedish town in the municipality of Askersund, in the southern part of the province of Närke. ...
A solstice is either of the two events of the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equatorial plane. ...
Germanic Europe Green: Countries where a Germanic language is the national language Blue: Countries where a Germanic language is an official language Germanic Europe is the part of Europe in which Germanic languages are predominant. ...
Midsummer is also sometimes referred to as Litha; stemming from Bede's De Tempore Rationum in which he gave the Anglo-Saxon names for the months roughly corresponding to June and July as "se Ærra Liþa" and "se Æfterra Liþa" (the early Litha month and the later Litha month) with an intercalendary month of "Liþa" appearing after se Æfterra Liþa on leap years. Depiction of Bede from the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493. ...
Solstitial celebrations still centre upon 24 June, which is no longer the longest day of the year. The difference between the Julian calendar year (365.2500 days) and the tropical year (365.2422 days) moved the day associated with the actual astronomical solstice forward approximately three days every four centuries until Pope Gregory XIII changed the calendar bringing the solstice to around 21 June. In the Gregorian calendar, the solstice moves around a bit but in the long term it moves only about one day in 3000 years. June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...
The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ...
A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ...
Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 – April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585. ...
June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ...
The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world. ...
History In the 7th century, Saint Eligius (died 659/60) warned the recently-Christianized inhabitants of Flanders against these pagan solstitial celebrations. According to the Vita by his companion Ouen, he would say: Signature of St. ...
- "No Christian on the feast of Saint John or the solemnity of any other saint performs solestitia [summer solstice rites] or dancing or leaping or diabolical chants."
Indeed, as Saint Eligius demonstrates, Mid-Summer has been Christianized as the feast of Saint John the Baptist: notably, unlike all other saints' days, this feast is celebrated on his birthday and not on the day of his martyrdom, which is separately observed as the "Decollation of John the Baptist" on 29 August. That more conventional day of Saint John the Baptist is not marked by Christian churches with the emphasis one might otherwise expect of such an important saint. St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen Ansgar, the 9th century apostle of the North in an 1830 drawing. ...
The Nativity of St. ...
August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ...
As for his solsticial birthday, the Roman Catholic Church celebrates the Nativity of John the Baptist (June 24) as a Solemnity, which is the highest degree a liturgical feast can have. It is even one of the few saint's feasts that is celebrated even when it falls on a Sunday; typically the feast of a saint is superseded when it falls on a Sunday. There is hardly any way that the feast of St John the Baptist could be given more emphasis in the liturgical calendar. June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...
The celebration of Midsummer's Eve was from ancient times linked to the summer solstice. People believed that mid-summer plants had miraculous and healing powers and they therefore picked them on this night. Bonfires were lit to protect against evil spirits which were believed to roam freely when the sun was turning southwards again. In later years, witches were also thought to be on their way to meetings with other evil powers. This article is part of the Witchcraft series. ...
In Sweden Mid-summer celebration originates from the time before Christianity; it was celebrated as a sacrifice time in the sign of the fertility.
The solstice itself has remained a special moment of the annual cycle of the year since Neolithic times. The concentration of the observance is not on the day as we reckon it, commencing at midnight or at dawn, but the pre-Christian beginning of the day, which falls on the previous eve. In Sweden and Finland, Midsummer's Eve is considered the greatest festival of the year, comparable only with Walpurgis Night, Christmas Eve, and New Year's Eve. Walpurgis Night in Sweden Walpurgis Night (or Walpurgisnacht in Germany) is a holiday celebrated on April 30 or May 1, in large parts of central and Northern Europe. ...
The Christmas Eve (1904-05), watercolor painting by the Swedish painter Carl Larsson (1853-1919) Christmas Eve, the evening of December 24th, the preceding day or vigil before Christmas Day, is treated to a greater or a lesser extent in most Christian societies as part of the Christmas season. ...
For other uses, see New Year (disambiguation). ...
National traditions
Denmark In Denmark, the solstitial celebration is called Sankt Hans aften ("St. John's Eve"). It was an official holiday until 1770, and in accordance with the Danish tradition of celebrating a holiday on the evening before the actual day, it takes place on the evening of 23 June. It is the day where the mediaeval wise men and women (the doctors of that time) would gather special herbs that they needed for the rest of the year to cure people. June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ...
It has been celebrated since the times of the Vikings and of Odin and Thor, by visiting healing water sources and making a large bonfire to ward away evil spirits. Today the water source tradition is gone. Bonfires on the beach, speeches, picnics and songs are traditional, although bonfires are built in many other places where beaches may not be close by (i.e. on the shores of lakes and other waterways, parks, etc.). In the 1920s a tradition of putting a witch made of straw and cloth on the bonfire emerged as a remembrance of the church's witchburnings from 1540 to 1693 (but unofficially a witch was lynched as late as 1897). This burning sends the witch to Bloksbjerg, the mountain 'Brocken' in the Harz region of Germany where the great witch gathering was thought to be held on this day. For other meanings of Odin, Woden or Wotan see Odin (disambiguation), Woden (disambiguation), Wotan (disambiguation). ...
Thors battle against the giants, by Mårten Eskil Winge, 1872 Thor (Old Norse: Þórr) is the red-haired and bearded god of thunder in Norse Mythology and more generally Germanic mythology (Old English: Þunor, Old Dutch and Old High German: Donar, from Proto-Germanic *Þunraz). ...
Year 1540 was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...
Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ...
The Brocken, or Blocksberg, is the highest peak (1142 meters) in the Harz Mountains in Germany, between the rivers Weser and Elbe. ...
The Harz is a mountain range in northern Germany. ...
Holger Drachmann and P.E. Lange-Müller wrote a beautiful midsommervise (Midsummer hymn) in 1885 called "Vi elsker vort land..." ("We Love Our Land") that is sung at every bonfire on this evening. Holger Drachmann 1888 Holger Henrik Herboldt Drachmann (October 9, 1846 - January 14, 1908), was a Danish poet and dramatist. ...
1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Estonia "Jaanipäev" ("John's Day" in English) was celebrated long before the arrival of Christianity in Estonia, although the day was given its name by the crusaders. The arrival of Christianity, however, did not end pagan beliefs and fertility rituals surrounding this holiday. In 1578, Balthasar Russow wrote in his Livonian Chronicle about Estonians who placed more importance on the festival than going to church. He complained about those who went to church, but did not enter, and instead spending their time lighting bonfires, drinking, dancing, singing and following pagan rituals. Balthasar Russow was one of the most important Livonian and Estonian medieval chroniclers. ...
Livonian Chronicle may refer to one of the following chronicles. ...
Midsummer marks a change in the farming year, specifically the break between the completion of spring sowing and the hard work of summer hay-making.
Understandably, some of the rituals of Jaanipäev have very strong folkloric roots. The best-known Jaanik, or midsummer, ritual is the lighting of the bonfire and the jumping over it. This is seen as a way of guaranteeing prosperity and avoiding bad luck. Likewise, to not light the fire is to invite the destruction of your house by fire. The fire also frightened away mischievous spirits who avoided it at all costs, thus ensuring a good harvest. So, the bigger the fire, the further the mischievous spirits stayed away.
Estonians celebrate "Jaaniõhtu" ("John's Night" in English) on the eve of the Summer Solstice with bonfires. On the islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, old fishing boats may be burnt in the large pyres set ablaze. On Jaaniõhtu, Estonians all around the country will gather with their families, or at larger events to celebrate this important day with singing and dancing, as Estonians have done for centuries. The celebrations that accompany Jaaniõhtu are the largest and most important of the year, and the traditions mirror those of northern neighbour Finland. This article is about the island. ...
Tahkuna peninsula is the most northern part of Hiiumaa, Estonia Hiiumaa is the second largest island (989 km²) belonging to Estonia. ...
Finland
 Midsummer bonfire in Mäntsälä, Finland. Bonfires are very common in Finland, where most people spend their midsummer in the countryside outside towns Before 1316, the summer solstice was called Ukon juhla, after an old Finnish god Ukko. In Karelia, people had many bonfires side by side, the biggest of which was called Ukko-kokko (the "bonfire of Ukko"). At present the midsummer holiday is known as Juhannus, or midsommar for the Swedish-speaking minority, and is the year's most notable occasion for drunkenness and revels. Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1037 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1037 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
The church of Mäntsälä was completed in 1866. ...
Simplified drawing of a stone carving type found in Karelia, which is believed to have characteristics of both snake and thunder In Finnish mythology, Ukko (Estonian spelling Uku) is a god of sky, weather, crops (harvest) and other natural things. ...
Map showing the parts Karelia is traditionally divided into. ...
Most of Finland burns bonfires (kokko) at lakesides and eats smoked fish from the same lakes. In the coastal areas that are the stronghold of the Finland-Swedish, these are supplanted by a maypole tradition transferred from Sweden and pickled herring. ...
Dancing around the maypole, in Ã…mmeberg, Sweden The maypole is a tall wooden pole (traditionally of hawthorn or birch), sometimes erected with several long coloured ribbons suspended from the top, festooned with flowers, draped in greenery and strapped with large circular wreaths, depending on local and regional variances. ...
When Finland was Christianized, the holiday was named after John the Baptist (Johannes) in order to give a Christian meaning for the pagan holiday. The traditions, however, remained quite unchanged and survive in modern-day Finland although they have lost their original purposes. In folk magic, still well known but no longer seriously practiced, midsummer was a very potent night and the time for many small rituals, mostly for young maidens seeking suitors. Will o wisps were believed to be seen at midsummer night, marking a treasure. Mural depiction of Jesus baptism by the hand of John, Jordan River, Jordan The excavated remains of the baptism site in Bethany beyond the Jordan John the Baptist (also called John the Baptiser, or Yahya the Baptiser) was a 1st century Jewish preacher and ascetic regarded as a prophet by...
Folk religion consists of beliefs, superstitions and cultural practices transmitted from generation to generation, in addition to the formally stated creeds and beliefs of a codified major religion. ...
A will o the wisp is a ghostly, pale light sometimes seen at night hovering and sliding around in swamps and graveyards. ...
A great many people get indecently drunk and happy. It is also an occasion where many people are looking for a relationship (often rather short one). The statistics of the number of people drowned and killed in accidents are morbidly counted every year while the number of assaults also peaks. It's also common to start summer holidays from the Midsummer day.
- Midsummer in Finland
- "Finnish Midsummer"
Germany On June 20, 1653 the Nuremberg town council issued the following order: :"Whereas experience heretofore hath shown, that after the old heathen use, on John's day in every year, in the country, as well in towns as villages, money and wood hath been gathered by young folk, and thereupon the so-called sonnenwendt or zimmet fire kindled, and thereat winebibbing, dancing about the said fire, leaping over the same, with burning of sundry herbs and flowers, and setting of brands from the said fire in the fields, and in many other ways all manner of superstitious work carried on---Therefore the Hon. Council of Nürnberg town neither can nor ought to forbear to do away with all such unbecoming superstition, paganism, and peril of fire on this coming day of St. John." June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ...
Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ...
Nuremberg (German: Nürnberg, German-Franconian dialect: Närnberch) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. ...
Ireland In the Irish calendar, Midsummer is one of the four Irish Quarter days that divide the official calendar, and the evening before (St. John's Eve) is called Bonfire Night. The Irish calendar does not observe the typical astronomical seasons (beginning, in the Northern Hemisphere, on the equinoxes and solstices), or the meteorological seasons (beginning on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1), but rather centers the seasons around the solstices and equinoxes (so that, for instance, midsummer...
In British and Irish tradition, the quarter days were the four dates on which servants were hired, and rents and rates were due. ...
On the evening of June 23, St. ...
Bonfire Night can refer to a number of occasions: St. ...
Poland Especially in northern Poland – the Eastern Pomeranian and Kashubian regions,(but also in all country) midsummer is celebrated on June 23. People dress like dangerous sea pirates, and girls throw wreaths made of flowers to the Baltic Sea, and to the lakes or rivers. The midsummer day celebration starts at about 8:00 p.m. and lasts all night until sunrise. People celebrate this special day every year and call it Noc Świętojańska what means St. John's Night. In that day in big Polish cities (like Warsaw and Kraków) there are organized many entertainments, but the most popular entertainment is Wianki what means wreaths. June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ...
The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ...
Warsaw (Polish: , , in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: ) is the capital of Poland, its largest city, and a gamma world city. ...
Wawel Hill. ...
Italy In Italy, the feast of Saint John the Baptist has been celebrated in Florence from medieval times, certainly in the Renaissance, with festivals sometimes lasting the three days from 21 to 24 June. Saint John the Baptist is the patron saint of Florence. Florences skyline Florences skyline at night from Piazza Michaelangelo Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ...
June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...
Jersey In Jersey most of the former midsummer customs are largely ignored nowadays. The custom known as Les cônes d'la Saint Jean was observed as late as the 1970s - horns or conch shells were blown. Ringing the bachîn (a large brass preserving pan) at midsummer to frighten away evil spirits survived as a custom on some farms until the 1940s and has been revived as a folk performance in the 21st century. This tradition is called in Jèrriais faithe braithe les peîles [1]. Jèrriais is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands. ...
A large fair in the parish of St. John was suppressed by an Act of the States of Jersey in 1797 following large scale disorder. A custom which survived longer, until the First World War, was that of making milk-à-punch: young people would rise early and steal milk from cows in the field and eggs from the chicken-run (sometimes with the connivance of the farmer turning a blind eye) and make a warm flip-type drink. The Centre Stone at Sion in St. ...
The States of Jersey (French: États de Jersey) is the parliament of Jersey. ...
Latvia In Latvia, Midsummer is called Jāņi (Jānis being Latvian for John) or Līgo Svētki (Svētki = festival). It is a national holiday and Latvians consider Jāņi about as important as Christmas. JÄņi is Latvian festival held on 23/24 June to celebrate summer solstice - the shortest night and longest day in year. ...
JÄņi is Latvian festival held on 23/24 June to celebrate summer solstice - the shortest night and longest day in year. ...
Christmas is an annual holiday that marks the birth of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. ...
Midsummer is celebrated on a large scale by almost everyone in Latvia and by people of Latvian origin abroad. Wherever you go in Latvia during Jāņi, you'll see solsticial bonfires. Celebrations consist of a lot of traditional elements (eating Jāņu cheese, drinking beer, singing hundreds of Latvian folk songs dedicated to Jāņi, jumping over the bonfire, wearing wreaths/crowns made of flowers (for the women) and leaves (for the men) together with modern commercial products and ideas. Oak wreaths are worn by men named Janis in honor of their name day. Small oak branches with leaves are attached to cars in Latvia during the festivity.
Lithuania At the beginning of the 20th century, solstitial bonfires were common all over Lithuania, but Soviet years have repressed such customs. The Festival of Kupolė (Kupolinės) was associated with the Feast of St John the Baptist (Joninės). KupolÄ— in Lithuanian mythology is the spirit of springtime vegetation and flowers. ...
- See also: Saint Jonas' Festival
Saint Jonas Festival (aka: Rasos, aka: St. ...
Norway As in Denmark, Sankthansaften is celebrated on 23 June in Norway. The day is also called Jonsok, which means "Johannes wake," important in Catholic times with pilgrimages to churches and holy springs. For instance, right up to 1840, there was a pilgrimage to the stave church in Røldal (southwest Norway) whose crucifix was said to have healing powers. Today, however, Sankthansaften is largely regarded as a secular event. June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ...
Pilgrim at Mecca In religion and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or search of great moral significance. ...
1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Urnes stave church in Luster, listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO A stave church is a medieval wooden church with a post and beam construction related to timber framing. ...
Røldal stave church. ...
This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ...
Most places the main event is the burning of a large fire. In parts of Norway a custom of arranging mock marriages, both between adults and between children, is still kept alive. The wedding was meant to symbolise the blossoming of new life. Such weddings are known to have taken place in the 1800s, but the custom is believed to be older.
Russia
 Night on the Eve of Ivan Kupala, by Henryk Hector Siemiradzki. Ivan Kupala was the old Russian name for John the Baptist. Up to the present day, the Russian Midsummer Night (or Ivan's Day) is known as one of the most expressive Russian folk and pagan holidays. Ivan Kupala Day is the day of summer solstice celebrated in Russia and Ukraine on June 23 OS and July 6 NS. This is a pagan fertility rite, which has been accepted into the Orthodox Christian calendar. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (860x476, 21 KB)Heinrich Semiradski (1845-1902). ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (860x476, 21 KB)Heinrich Semiradski (1845-1902). ...
Ivan Kupala Day (Івана Купала, Ivana Kupala) is celebrated in Russia and Ukraine on 7 July. ...
June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ...
July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ...
The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus and the Twelve Apostles, preserving the traditions of the early church unchanged, accepting the canonicity of the first seven ecumenical councils held between the 4th and the...
Many rites of this holiday are connected with water, fertility and autopurification. The girls, for example, would float their flower garlands on the water of rivers and tell their fortunes from their movement. Lads and girls would jump over the flames of bonfires. Nights on the Eve of Ivan Kupala inspired Modest Mussorgsky to create his Night on Bald Mountain. Fertility is the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring in abundance, and of the earth to bear fruit. ...
Purification is the process of rendering something pure, i. ...
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Russian: , Modest PetroviÄ Musorgskij, French: ) (March 9/21, 1839 – March 16/28, 1881), one of the Russian composers known as the Five, was an innovator of Russian music. ...
This article refers to a musical composition. ...
Sweden In modern Sweden, Midsummer's Eve and Midsummer's Day (Midsommarafton and Midsommardagen) are celebrated from the eve of the Saturday between June 20 - 26. It is arguably the most important holiday of the year, and one of the most uniquely Swedish in the way it is celebrated, even if it has been influenced by other countries long ago. The main celebrations take place on the Friday, and the traditional events include raising and dancing around a huge maypole. One typical dance is the frog dance. Before the maypole is raised, greens and flowers are collected and used to cover the entire pole. June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ...
Dancing around the maypole, in Ã…mmeberg, Sweden The maypole is a tall wooden pole (traditionally of hawthorn or birch), sometimes erected with several long coloured ribbons suspended from the top, festooned with flowers, draped in greenery and strapped with large circular wreaths, depending on local and regional variances. ...
Raising and dancing around a maypole (majstången or midsommarstången) is an activity that attracts families and many others. People dancing around the pole listen to traditional music and many wear traditional folk costumes. The year's first potatoes, pickled herring, sour cream, and possibly the first strawberries of the season are on the menu. Drinking songs are also important at this feast, and many drink heavily. Dancing around the maypole, in Ã…mmeberg, Sweden The maypole is a tall wooden pole (traditionally of hawthorn or birch), sometimes erected with several long coloured ribbons suspended from the top, festooned with flowers, draped in greenery and strapped with large circular wreaths, depending on local and regional variances. ...
A very popular Scandinavian food item, pickled herring has been around for a long time. ...
It has been suggested that Pavlaka be merged into this article or section. ...
Because Midsummer is one of the times of the year when magic is believed to be the strongest [citation needed], it was a good night to perform rituals to look into the future. Traditionally, young people pick bouquets of seven or nine different flowers and put them under their pillow in the hope of dreaming about their future spouse. In the past it was believed that herbs picked at Midsummer were highly potent, and water from springs could bring good health. Greenery placed over houses and barns were supposed to bring good fortune and health to people and livestock; this old tradition of decorating with greens continues, even though most don't take it seriously. To decorate with greens was called att maja (to "may") and may be the origin of the word majstång, maja coming originally from the month May Other researchers say the term came from German merchants who raised the maypole in June because the Swedish climate made it impossible to find the necessary greens and flowers in May, and continued to call it a maypole. Today, however, it is most commonly called a midsommarstång. In earlier times, small spires wrapped in greens were erected; this probably predates the maypole tradition, which is believed by many to have come from the continent in the Middle Ages. Others argue that some form of Midsummer pole occurred in Sweden during the pre-Christian times, and was a phallic fertility symbol, meant to impregnate the earth, but as there were no records from those times it cannot be proven, and this idea might just be a modern interpretation of the poles form. The earliest historical mention of the maypole in Sweden is from the Middle Ages. Midsummer was however linked to an ancient fertility festival which was adapted into St. Johans day by the church, even though it retained many pagan traditions, as the Swedes were slow to give up the old heathen customs. The connection to fertility is naturally linked to the time of year. Many young people became passionate at Midummer, and this was accepted, probably because it resulted in more childbirths in March which was a good time for children to be born. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Anders Zorn: Self-portrait in red 1915 Anders Zorn (February 18, 1860 – August 22, 1920) was a Swedish painter who painted a portrait of, among others, the former American President Grover Cleveland in 1899. ...
Marriage is a relationship that plays a key role in the definition of many families. ...
To many Swedes this holiday is seen as a holiday of partying, and as the start of the summer. The cities become almost deserted as most people travel to the country, often to their summer cottages, to celebrate. Many Swedes would rather have Midsummer's Eve as their National Day. Midsummer rivals Christmas as the most important holiday of the year. It has been suggested that National holiday be merged into this article or section. ...
United Kingdom In Great Britain from the 13th century Midsummer was celebrated on Midsummer Eve (St. John's Eve, June 23) and St. Peter's Eve (June 28) with the lighting of bonfires, feasting and merrymaking. The tradition largely fell to the Reformation, but persisted in rural areas up until the nineteenth century before petering out. June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ...
June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ...
The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ...
Other Midsummer festivities had uneasy relations with the Reformed establishment. The Chester Midsummer Watch Parade, begun in 1498, was held at every Summer Solstice in years when the Chester Mystery Plays were not performed. Despite the cancellation of the plays in 1575, the parade continued; in 1599, however, the Lord Mayor ordered the parades banned and the costumes destroyed. The parade was permanently banned in 1675. History The Chester Midsummer Watch Parade began in 1498. ...
The Chester Mystery Plays are a cycle of mystery plays from the 14th century, and the most complete set of such plays in existence. ...
Traditional Midsummer bonfires are still lit on some high hills in Cornwall (see Carn Brea). This tradition was revived by the Old Cornwall Society in the mid 20th century. Another Cornish midsummer celebration is Golowan, which takes place at Penzance, Cornwall which normally starts on the Friday nearest St John's Day. Golowan lasts several days and culminates in Mazey Day. This is a revival of the Feast of St John (Gol-Jowan) with fireworks and bonfires. Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England, United Kingdom, on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar. ...
Carn Brea Castle Carn Brea (Cornish: Karnbre) is a civil parish and hilltop site near Redruth in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, famous for its long history of human occupation. ...
The Federation of Old Cornwall Societies (FOCS) was formed in 1924, with the objective of collecting and maintaining all those ancient things that make the spirit of Cornwall - its traditions, its old words and ways, and what remains to it of its Celtic language and nationality . // The FOCS motto Kyntelleugh...
A bagpipe band from Mid Argyll walk along Market Jew Street The Golowan Festival is held in Penzance during June each year. ...
Penzance Harbour and surrounding area as seen from the air Penzances old docks with Abbey Slip and St Marys Church behind Penzance (Cornish: Pensans) is a civil parish and port town in the Penwith district of Cornwall, England, UK. Granted various Royal Charters from 1512 onwards and incorporated...
See also Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Title page of the first quarto (1600) A Midsummer Nights Dream is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare written sometime in the late-1500s. ...
June 24, Midsummer Day, the feast of St John the Baptist, is one of the quarter days in England. June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...
John the Baptist (also called John the Baptizer or John the Dipper) is regarded as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism. ...
In British and Irish tradition, the quarter days were the four dates on which servants were hired, and rents and rates were due. ...
USA The NYC Swedish Midsummer celebrations in Battery Park, New York City, attracts some 3,000-5,000 people annually, which makes it one of the largest celebrations after the ones held in Leksand and at the Skansen Park in Stockholm. This event is cohosted by the Swedish Consulate in NYC and the NYC Parks Dept. Swedish Midsommar is also celebrated in other places with large Swedish and Scandinavian populations, such as Chicago, Minneapolis, and Lindsborg, Kansas. The Swedish "language village" (summer camp) Sjölunden, run by Concordia College in Minnesota, also celebrates Midsommar. Download high resolution version (1024x768, 110 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (1024x768, 110 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area Ranked 4th - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²) - Width 255 miles (410 km) - Length 630 miles (1,015 km) - % water 1 - Latitude 44°26N to 49°N - Longitude 104°2W to 116°2W Population Ranked...
NYC Midsummer or Swedish Midsummer is a Swedish midsummer celebration organized since 1996 in one of New York Citys parks on the Friday afternoon close to the June solstice or St Johns Day. ...
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613 - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area - City...
Leksand is a Municipality in Dalarna County, in central Sweden. ...
Winter view of Skogaholm Manor, moved to Skansen from Närke Hand-coloured postcard of Skansen, ca 1900 Skansen is the first open air museum and zoo in Sweden and is located on the island Djurgården in Stockholm, Sweden[citation needed]. It was founded in 1891 by Artur Hazelius...
(IPA: ; UN/LOCODE: SE STO) is the capital of Sweden, and consequently the site of its Government and Parliament as well as the residence of the Swedish head of state, King Carl XVI Gustaf. ...
Concordia is the Latin word for harmony, which has been used to refer to many things: Concordia was the Roman goddess of harmony. ...
The Seattle, Washington, neighborhood of Fremont puts on a large Summer Solstice Parade & Pageant, which in recent years has controversially included painted naked cyclists. Nickname: The Emerald City Location of Seattle in King County and Washington Coordinates: Country United States State Washington County King County Incorporated December 2 1869 - Mayor Greg Nickels Area - City 369. ...
Fremont Fremont is a neighborhood in Seattle, Washington. ...
The Summer Solstice Parade & Pageant is an annual event sponsored and produced by The Fremont Arts Council (FAC), an organization that supports the arts and artists in and around the Fremont neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. ...
The Synchronised Cycling Drill Team shown performing. ...
Neopaganism As forms of Neopaganism can be quite different and have very different origins, these representations can vary considerably despite the shared name. Some celebrate in a manner as close as possible to how they believe that the Ancient Germanic pagans observed the tradition, while others observe the holiday with rituals culled from numerous other unrelated sources, Germanic culture being only one of the sources used.
Germanic neopaganism Midsummer or Litha is listed on the reconstructed Germanic calendar used by some Germanic Neopagans. In modern times, Litha is celebrated by Germanic Neopagans or Heathens who emphasize the reconstruction of Anglo-Saxon Germanic paganism. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
It has been suggested that Heathenry be merged into this article or section. ...
It has been suggested that Heathenry be merged into this article or section. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Germanic neopaganism. ...
Polytheistic reconstructionism, or simply reconstructionism, is the practice of re-establishing and practicing historical polytheistic religions in the modern world. ...
Anglo-Saxon religion is the religious practices and beliefs of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes of pre-Christian England to about the 7th century AD. // Origins and History The Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain from southern Scandinavia, the Netherlands and northern Germany. ...
Germanic paganism refers to the religion and mythology of the Germanic nations preceding Christianization, including Norse, Anglo-Saxon mythology, information obtained from archaeological finds and remnants of pre-Christian beliefs in the folklore of medieval and modern Germanic peoples. ...
Wicca Litha, is one of the eight solar holidays or sabbats observed by Wiccans, though the New Forest traditions (those referred to as British Traditional Wicca) tend to use the traditional name Midsummer. It is celebrated on the Summer Solstice or close to it. The holiday is considered the turning point at which summer reaches its height and the sun shines longest. Among the Wiccan sabbats, Midsummer is preceded by Beltane and followed by Lughnasadh or Lammas. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ...
In the Wiccan form of neopaganism, a Sabbat is one of the eight major seasonal festivals which make up the Wheel of the Year. ...
The pentagram within a circle, a symbol of faith used by many Wiccans, sometimes called a pentacle. ...
British Traditional Wicca (abbreviated BTW) is a term used to describe some Wiccan Traditions which have their origins in the New Forest region of England. ...
Summer is a season that is astronomically defined as beginning around June 21, and ending around September 23 in the Northern Hemisphere. ...
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ...
This article is about the Gaelic holiday. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
In English-speaking countries, August 1 is Lammas Day (loaf-mass day), the festival of the first wheat harvest of the year. ...
See also The term Christianised calendar refers to feast days which are Christianised survivals from pre-Christian times. ...
In Neopaganism, the Wheel of the Year is the natural cycle of the seasons, commemorated by the eight Sabbats. ...
The Winter solstice or Midwinter occurres around December 21 or 22 each year in the northern hemisphere, and June 21 or 22 in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
External links Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
References - Hutton, Ronald (1993). The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles. Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-18946-7.
- Hutton, Ronald (1996, 2001). The Stations of the Sun. Oxford. ISBN 0-19-285448-8.
- Lemprière, Raoul (1976). Customs, Ceremonies and Traditions of the Channel Islands. Hale. ISBN 0-7091-5842-4.
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