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Islam
History of Islam Islam (Arabic: ; ( ) is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ...
Image File history File links Mosque02. ...
The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ...
| | Beliefs and practices | | Oneness of God
Profession of Faith
Prayer • Fasting
Pilgrimage • Charity This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
TawhÄ«d (also Tawhid or Tauhid or Tawheed; Arabic توØيد) is the Islamic concept of monotheism, derived from Ahad. ...
An example of allÄhu written in simple Arabic calligraphy Allah (Arabic allÄhu الله) is traditionally used by Muslims as the Arabic word for Singular God (not Gods personal name, but the equivalent of the Hebrew word El as opposed to YHWH). Both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars often...
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To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
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The Hajj (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the Pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam. ...
Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ...
| | Major figures | | Muhammad
Ali • Abu Bakr
Companions of Muhammad
Household of Muhammad
Prophets of Islam This page is a list of Muslims in various professions and fields. ...
For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ...
Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبو طالب translit: ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« TÌ£Älib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ...
Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ...
In Islam, the SahÄba (الصØابه) were the companions of the prophet Muhammad. ...
Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic:) is a phrase meaning People of the House, or family. ...
The Quran identifies a number of men as Prophets of Islam (Arabic: nabee نبي ; pl. ...
| | Texts & Laws | | Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia
Jurisprudence • Theology
Biographies of Muhammad // Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir ibn Kathir (by Ibn Kathir) Tafsir al-Tabari (by Tabari) Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Maulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ...
The , (Arabic: recitation - from the verb qaraa “to read†or “to reciteâ€), also transliterated as Quran, Koran is the holy book of Islam. ...
Hadith (Arabic: hadīth, Arabic pl. ...
Sharia (Arabic: ; also Sharīah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law. ...
Islamic jurisprudence, (Arabic: Fiqh) (in Arabic and Persian: Ùقه) is made up of the rulings (Fatwa) of Muslim Islamic jurists (Ulema) to direct the lives of the Muslims. ...
Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ...
For the river and also village in Norway named Sira, see Sira, Norway. ...
| | Branches of Islam | | Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi
The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ...
Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ...
Shia Islam, also Shi`ite Islam or Shi`ism (Arabic: ‎ translit: Persian: ‎) is the second largest denomination of the religion of Islam. ...
Sufism (Arabic: تصوÙ, tasÌ£awwuf) is a mystic tradition of Islam. ...
| | Sociopolitical aspects | | Academics • Philosophy
Art • Science
Architecture • Cities
Calendar • Holidays
Women in Islam • Leaders
Politics • Jihad • Liberalism
Muslim culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples. ...
Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ...
Islamic philosophy (الÙلسÙØ© الإسلامية) is a part of the Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ...
Islamic art is the art of Islamic people, cultures, and countries. ...
This is a subarticle to Islamic studies and science. ...
Islamic architecture, a part of the Islamic studies, is the entire range of architecture that has evolved within Muslim culture in the course of the history of Islam. ...
// This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ...
The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called Hijri calendar, Arabic التقويم الهجري) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days. ...
Friday is an important day in the life of a Muslim and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. ...
This article needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ...
Islamic religious leaders are persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, perform a prominent role within their community or nation. ...
This article needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ...
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Since the 19th century, Muslim progressives have produced a considerable body of liberal thought within Islam (in Arabic: الإسلام الاجتهادي or interpretation-based Islam; also الإسلام التقدمي or progressive Islam). These have in common a religious outlook which depends mainly on ijtihad or re-interpretations of scriptures. ...
| | See also | | Vocabulary of Islam
Index of articles on Islam The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ...
| The Mihna—Arabic for 'ordeal'—was the last real attempt by Muslim rulers to impose their will on the development of the Islam; during this period, which lasted from 832 until 848 CE, the Abbasid Caliphs had made the Greek philosophy-influenced Mu'tazilite interpretation of Islam the official version of the religion, and tried to bar the teaching of other versions in many mosques. Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون AbbÄsÄ«yÅ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs. ...
Mutazilah (Arabic المعتزلة al-mu`tazilah) is a theological school of thought within Islam. ...
The Mu'tazilite school at this point was using the recently translated works of the Greek philosophers to interpret the Quran--applying, for example, the principles of logic to the teachings of the holy book, and trying to explain Islam through rational proofs (as Rene Descartes tried to do for Christianity many centuries later). However, the Mu'tazilite ideas were emphatically not shared by the mass of believers or even by most Muslim scholars—it was essentially a movement of a group of intellectual Muslim scholars without a large following. The caliph al-Ma'mun made Mu'tazilite doctrine the official state doctrine, and near the end of his reign launched the Mihna, which western commentators have compared (perhaps not accurately) to the Inquisition. The Quran (Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ...
Abu Jafar al-Mamun ibn Harun (786 - October 10, 833) (المأمون) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. ...
Many of the Ulema—Muslim religious scholars—vehemently opposed the Mu’talizite doctrines and their attempts to interpret the Quran through the lens of Greek logic and philosophy. Perhaps the most notable opponent was Ibn Hanbal, the founder of the Hanbali school of Islamic interpretation. Hanbal and his followers advocated a nearly literal interpretation of the Quran, and considered the holy book 'uncreated,' in contrast to the Mu'tazilites. Imam Ahmed ibn Hanbal (780 - 855) was an important Muslim scholar and theologian. ...
Hanbal spent much of the Mihna period imprisoned by the Abbasid Caliphate, until the Caliph Al-Mutawakkil released him, ended the controversy over the createdness of the Quran, and suppressed the public discussion of Mu'tazilite doctrines. Al-Mutawakkil Ala Allah Jafar bin al-Mutasim (821–861) (Arabic: المتوكل على الله جعÙر بن المعتصم) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned (in Samarra) from 847 until 861. ...
The result of the Mihna was a kind of 'separation of church and state' (though not at all in the modern sense of the phrase )—from 848 on, it was the Ulema who decided individually what was the legitimate interpretation of Islamic law and its sources; Caliphs could try to influence Islamic doctrine, but they no longer attempted to dictate terms to the Ulemas.
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