Mikhail Kalinin

A 1919 image showing Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, and Mikhail Kalinin (right)

Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Михаи́л Ив́анович Кали́нин) (November 19 [O.S. November 7] 1875 – June 3, 1946) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician. Mikhail Kalinin; public domain The copyright status of this work is difficult or impossible to determine. ... Mikhail Kalinin; public domain The copyright status of this work is difficult or impossible to determine. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (880x456, 66 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (880x456, 66 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Lenin redirects here. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow Official languages None; Russian de facto Government Socialist Republic/Federation of Soviet Republics  - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev  - Last Premier Ivan Silayev...

Born to a peasant family in Verkhnyaya Troitsa village (Верхняя Троица), Tverskaya Gubernia, Russia, he moved to St. Petersburg in 1889 and became a metal worker. In 1898 he joined the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (РС-ДРП). From March 1919 to 1938 he was Chairman of the All-Union Executive Committee i.e., titular head of state, informally known as "the all-Union Chieftain" (всесоюзный староста). The title was then changed to Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, which he assumed. He would remain head of state until 1946. Kalinin was a candidate member of the Politburo from 1919 until 1925 when he became a full member. He remained on the body until 1946. Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Social Pyramid. Reads top to bottom - We rule you; We fool you; We shoot you; We eat for you; and finally; We work for all - We feed all The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP (Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́чая Па́ртия = РС-ДРП), also known as the Russian Social-Democratic Workers Party and the Russian Social-Democratic... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The President of the Soviet Union was the Head of State of the USSR from March 15, 1990 to December 25, 1991. ... The President of the Soviet Union was the largely ceremonial Head of State of the USSR from 1990 to 1991. ... The Politburo (in Russian: Политбюро), known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966, functioned as the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ...

During the Great Purge, many wrote letters to Kalinin with petitions to reconsider the fates of the convicts, and indeed, Kalinin's intervention often helped, thus giving him the reputation of "kind grandfather Kalinin" (recall that Stalin was "dear father" to all Soviet people then). However, at the same time, Kalinin routinely signed execution lists together with other members of the Politburo, such as the authorization of the Katyn massacre. The Great Purge (Russian: , transliterated Bolshaya chistka) is the name given to campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin during the late 1930s. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვი&#4314... Mass graves at Katyn war cemetery The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre (Polish: , literally KatyÅ„ felony), was a mass execution of Polish citizens ordered by Soviet authorities in 1940. ...

Kalinin's wife, Ekaterina Ivanovna Kalinina, was arrested in October 1938. When petitioners asked the President's help he replied "My dear chap, I'm in the same position! I can't even help my own wife - there's no way I can help yours!" (Montefiore Stalin 282). Only when he was close to death did Stalin finally grant his plea for the release of his wife. Later on, when Kalinin died, his wife was in exile at GULAG, and she was brought to Moscow to see her husband only for funerals - she was washed, weared in proper garment and stayed near the tomb.^{[citation needed]} Gulag ( , Russian: ) is an acronym for Главное Управление Исправительно—Трудовых Лагерей и колоний, Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey i kolonii, The Chief Directorate [or Administration] of Corrective Labour Camps and Colonies of the NKVD. Anne Applebaum, in her book Gulag: A History, explains: // Literally, the word GULAG is an acronym, meaning Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei, or Main Camp... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   8537. ...

He retired in 1946 and died shortly afterward in Moscow. Kalinin is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   8537. ... Kremlin Wall Necropolis The Kremlin Wall Necropolis (Некрополь у Кремлёвской стены in Russian) is a part of the Kremlin Wall, which surrounds the Moscow Kremlin and overlooks the Red Square. ...

Trivia

• In 1932 along with Vyacheslav Molotov and Avel Enukidze he co-signed the infamous "Law of Spikelets", which ultimately led to Holodomor.
• The city of Tver bore the name Kalinin from 1931 to 1990 in his honor
• The former German city of Königsberg (East Prussia), conquered in 1945 by the Red Army and incorporated into the Soviet Union, was renamed Kaliningrad in his honor, though he doesn't have anything in common with this city.

For other uses, see Molotov (disambiguation). ... Avel Safronovich Enukidze (May 19, 1877 [O.S. May 7] – October 30, 1937), a prominent Old Bolshevik and, at one point, a member of the Soviet Central Committee in Moscow. ... Law of Spikelets (закон о колосках) was a common name of the law based on the decree of Central Executive Committee and Sovnarkom of the USSR About protection of the property of state enterprises, kolkhozes and cooperatives, and strengthening... Child victim of the Holodomor The Ukrainian famine (1932-1933) or Holodomor was one of the largest national catastrophes of the Ukrainian nation in modern history with direct loss of human life in the range of millions (estimates vary). ... Tvers coat of arms depicts grand ducal crown placed on a throne. ... Former German name of the city of Kaliningrad. ... East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. ... Government Russia District Subdivision Russia Northwestern Federal District Kaliningrad Oblast Mayor Yuri Savenko (2005) Geographical characteristics Area  - City 215. ...

References