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Military aid to the civil power (MACP) is assistance by the armed forces to the police in maintaining law and order. It is used in many countries, including Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
United Kingdom MACP is one of the fundamental military tasks of the British Army. As with all deployments of the armed forces, its use must be specifically authorised by a defence minister. It is always applied at the request and under control of the police. The legal basis is the common law duty of every subject to maintain the Queen's peace. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
In English law, the Queens peace (or Kings peace, when a male is on the throne) is the peaceful, violence-free state that the realm should endure in at all times. ...
Examples of military aid to the civil power include:
Dieu et mon droit (Royal motto) (French for God and my right)4 Northern Irelands location within the UK Official languages none English is the most widely used language; Irish has official recognition. ...
London Heathrow Airport (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL), often referred to as Heathrow, is the United Kingdoms busiest and best-connected airport. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other Special Air Services, see Australian Special Air Service Regiment and Special Air Service of New Zealand. ...
The Iranian Embassy Siege of 1980 was a terrorist siege of the Iranian Embassy in London, United Kingdom. ...
United States The Posse Comitatus Act, passed in 1878, generally prohibits Federal military personnel and units of the United States National Guard under Federal authority from acting in a law enforcement capacity within the United States, except where expressly authorized by the Constitution or Congress. The original act only referred to the Army, but the Air Force was added in 1956 and the Navy and Marine Corps have been included by a regulation of the Department of Defense. This law is mentioned whenever it appears that the Department of Defense is interfering in domestic disturbances. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
1878 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Seal of the National Guard Bureau Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard // Background The United States National Guard is a significant component of the United States armed forces military reserve. ...
Congress in Joint Session. ...
The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces that has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aviation branch of the United States armed forces. ...
1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ...
United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the U.S. military. ...
The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated as DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ...
Canada Canada has similar provisions for military aid to the civil power inscribed in its National Defence Act, a historical inheritance from its days as a British dominion. However, the application is significantly different due to the federal nature of Canada, where the maintenance of "law and order" is the exclusive right and responsibility of the provinces. The political authority empowered to requisition military aid is therefore the Solicitor General of the affected province. His request is forwarded directly to the Chief of the Defence Staff (NOT to the federal government of Canada) who is obliged by law to execute the request. However, the Chief of the Defence Staff alone can determine the nature and level of forces to be committed. A federation (from the Latin fœdus, covenant) is a state comprised of a number of self-governing regions (often themselves referred to as states) united by a central (federal) government. ...
Canada is a federation of ten provinces which, together with three territories, comprise the worlds second largest country. ...
The Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) is the senior member of the Canadian Forces and reports directly to the Minister of National Defence. ...
The requesting province may subsequently be billed to pay the cost of the military aid, although the Federal government, which does not want to appear "cheap" after a major crisis affecting a province, most often waives it. The Toronto Snow Storm of 1999, in which 300 reservists were activated in response to a request for aid to the civil power to assist in snow removal, is a notable exception to this norm as the deployment was deemed to be a trivialization of the military's emergency response role.
While the military is legally free to decide how to deal with an issue in regard to which it has been called out, in practice it works under the direction of the police forces of the province that has requested its aid. Such requests are made relatively often for specialized resources such as armoured vehicles (e.g. hostage situations) and technical capabilities not possessed by police forces. They are also called out in the case of police strikes in those provinces that have unionised provincial police forces. Quebec has not hesitated to call on the Army for such help because the Army is the only other agency with French speaking members able to replace striking police; the Royal Canadian Mounted Police has few reserves able to provide a "surge" capability, and its French-speaking capability is more limited. Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total • Land • Water (% of total) Ranked 2nd 1,542,056 km² 1,183,128 km² 176,928...
Significant use of the Army in aid of the Québec civil power includes two relatively recent major civil crises:
The Federal government can and does use the military in aid of its own responsibilities, such as guarding federal buildings and facilities. Since 1993, the Canadian Forces have also provided the country's federal antiterrorist forces, replacing the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in that function. (See JTF2 for details of request and control of this capability). Military cordon in support of police taking surrender of terrorist Liberation cell, December 3, 1970 The October Crisis was a series of dramatic events triggered by two terrorist kidnappings in the province of Quebec, Canada, in October 1970, which ultimately resulted in a brief invocation of the War Measures Act...
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Royal Canadian Mounted Police heraldic badge. ...
Joint Task Force 2 Special Forces duties in Canada are performed by an elite counter-terrorism unit known as JTF2 (Joint Task Force 2. ...
Germany The post-war constitution of Germany strictly forbids the use of military force in police functions. The functions that MACP has in other countries are carried out by special police forces, which are basically under the control of the state governments, not of the federal government. For some actions, federal police forces can be used either by orders of the federal administration and federal judiciary or by request of the state government. The counter-terrorist unit GSG 9 is part of the Bundespolizei (until 2005 known as the Bundesgrenzschutz) and is well known in Germany for its antiterrorist missions. However, several state police corps have similar units. The Bundesgrenzschutz and the GSG 9 were historically combatants and they had military ranks, but have always been under the control of the Ministry of the Interior. Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (GSG 9 - Border protection group 9) is a German counter-terrorism unit, and is considered to be among the best of such units in the world. ...
Bundespolizei or BPol for short, is the Federal Police of Germany. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This strict separation between civil and military power was enacted to prevent the army from becoming a political power again in internal affairs and to secure its subordination to the civil power. Since the 1990s, a number of conservative politicians has called for an abolition of this rule, but there seems to be no majority for such a change. The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, the last decade of the 20th Century. ...
But a new law was passed in September 2004, the Air Security Act (German: Luftsicherheitsgesetz). Since September 24th, 2004 there is an exception from the use of military force regarding air security: In a case of imminent danger, the Bundeswehr and its air force branch, the Luftwaffe is authorised to use force against an aircraft. As ultima ratio, the Minister of Defense is empowered to give the order to shoot down an aircraft if the aircraft is used as a weapon against humans and there is no other way to repel the attack. The Bundeswehr ( (help· info)) is the armed forces of Germany and its administration. ...
The Deutsche Luftwaffe or (help· info) (German: Air Arm, IPA: [luftvafə]) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ...
Air Policing is a traditional task of the Luftwaffe. While the constitutionality of the Air Security Act is disputed, the air policing done by the Luftwaffe is considered legal because of customary law.
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