Frontiersman from Pomorišje, first half of the 18th century.

Military Frontier (Military Border, Military Krajina, Vojna Krajina, Војна Крајина, Militärgrenze, Confiniaria militaria, Határőrvidék) was a borderland of Habsburg Austria which acted as the cordon sanitaire against the Turks from the Middle Ages (Croatian Krajina) or from the late 17th and 18th centuries (Slavonian and Banat Krajina) until the 19th century. Image File history File linksMetadata Pomorisje. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Pomorisje. ... Frontiersman from PomoriÅ¡je, first half of the 18th century. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... Cordon sanitaire is a French phrase that, literally translated, means quarantine line. ... The Croatian Krajina is a territory formed in the 16th century on the border of the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire, part of the Military Frontier. ... Slavonian Krajina in 1849 Slavonian Krajina was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Krajina). ... map of Banatian military frontier (Banat Krajina) in 1849 The Banat Krajina or Banatian Military Frontier was a section of the Habsburg Monarchys Military Frontier (Krajina) located in the Banat region (now split between Serbia and Romania). ...

History

Ottoman wars

The Ottoman wars in Europe caused the border of the Kingdom of Hungary and subsequently the Habsburg Monarchy to shift towards northwest. Much of the old Croatian territory was either captured by the Ottomans or bordered the new Ottoman domain. The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe marked the better part of the history of southeastern Europe, notably, giving infamy to the Balkans. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ...

In 1435, in an attempt to strengthen the defences towards the Ottomans and Venice, the king Sigismund founded the so-called tabor, a military encampment, each in Croatia, Slavonia and Usora (in Bosnia). In 1463, the king Matthias Corvinus founded the banovina of Jajce and Srebrenik, and in 1469 the military captaincy of Senj, modeled after the Ottoman captaincies in the Province of Bosnia. All these actions were intended to provide for better defences, but were ultimately unsuccessful. It did bring forth the Croatian Pandur infantry and the Serbian Hussar cavalry though. For other uses, see number 1435. ... Sigismund, aged approximately 50, depicted by unknown artist in the 1420s — the only contemporary portrait. ... Usora is a historic toponim of Bosnia and Herzegovina surrounding the river and the nearby area of the same name. ... Events January 5 - Poet Francois Villon is banned from Paris Births January 17 - Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (died 1525) February 24 - Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher (died 1494) October 20 - Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (died 1512) Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de Medici, Italian patron of the arts (died 1503... Matthias Corvinus (Mátyás in Hungarian), (February 23, 1443 (?) - April 6, 1490) was one of the greatest Kings of Hungary, ruling between 1458 and 1490. ... Ban was a title used in some states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 9th century and the 20th century. ... Municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina General Information Entity {{{entity}}} Land area Population (1991 census) 45,007 Population density Area code +387 30 Mayor Nisvet Hrnjić (SDA) Website http://www. ... Shield of Srebrenik with the medieval Fort of Srebrenik dating from 1333 Municipality of Srebrenik (marked green) Srebrenik is a town and municipality in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Events July 26 - Battle of Edgecote Moor October 17 - Prince Ferdinand of Aragon wed princess Isabella of Castile. ... Senj (Latin Senia,Hungarian Zengg, Italian Segna, Serbian: Сењ ) is a city in the Lika-Senj county of Croatia, population 8,132 (2001), geographically located at 44°57′N 14°54′E. Senj is located on the Adriatic coast below the Vratnik mountain pass which separates the Velebit mountain from the... The Province of Bosnia was a key Ottoman province, the westernmost one, based on the territory of the present day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Pandurs in the Austrian army were created in the 18th century and they were a non-linear (irregular) infantry, whose main objective was to assassinate enemy officers, conduct guerrilla warfare, and to fight in extended formations. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... A British Hussar from the Crimean War Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok, Polish: Husaria) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ...

After 1526, the Austrian Habsburgs were selected as kings of Croatia, and Emperor Ferdinand promised the Croatian Parliament that he would give them 200 cavalrymen and 200 infantrymen, and that he would pay for another 800 cavalrymen who would be commanded by the Croatians. Soon the Habsburg Empire founded another captaincy in Bihać. In the short term, all this was also ineffective, as in 1529 the Turks swept through the area, captured Buda and besieged Vienna, wreaking havoc throughout the Croatian border areas. January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... The House of Austrian Habsburgs came into being after the April 21, 1521 assignment of the Austrian lands to Ferdinand I from his brother Emperor Charles V (also King Charles I of Spain) (1516 - 1556). ... Ferdinand in 1531, the year of his election as King of the Romans Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was an Austrian monarch from the House of Habsburg. ... The parliament of Croatia is called Hrvatski Sabor in Croatian - the word sabor means an assembly, a gathering, a congress. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina General Information Entity {{{entity}}} Land area 900 km2 Population (est. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: Budín, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ...

In 1553, the borderland was reformed for the first time, under the commander Ivan Lenković. The frontier was split into the Croatian Krajina (Krabatische Gränitz) and the Upper Slavonian Krajina (Windische, Oberslawonische Gränitz). The border with the Ottoman Empire on the line Senj-Otočac-Slunj-Glina-Hrastovica-Sisak-Ivanić-Križevci-Đurđevac was fortified with several smaller and larger forts. New captaincies were formed in the larger forts: Ogulin, Hrastovica, Žumberak, Koprivnica, Križevci and Ivanić. Smaller forts were manned by German infantry and Croatian light infantry. The larger forts were manned by German heavy cavalry and Croatian light cavalry. // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... The Croatian Krajina is a territory formed in the 16th century on the border of the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire, part of the Military Frontier. ... Slavonian Krajina in 1849 Slavonian Krajina was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Krajina). ... Senj (Latin Senia,Hungarian Zengg, Italian Segna, Serbian: Сењ ) is a city in the Lika-Senj county of Croatia, population 8,132 (2001), geographically located at 44°57′N 14°54′E. Senj is located on the Adriatic coast below the Vratnik mountain pass which separates the Velebit mountain from the... OTOCAC, a town in the north-western part of Lika (Croatia); situated at the river Gacka, in the western part of the field bearing the same name, named after the early Croatian parish; elevation 459 m. ... Jordan Bicanic has founded the city of Slunj in early middle ages. ... Glina is a commune in the south-east of Ilfov county, Romania. ... Sisak on the map of Croatia Sisak (German: Sissek, Hungarian: Sziszek, Italian: Siscia) is a city in central Croatia. ... Image:Ivanic Grad - coat. ... Križevci is a town in central Croatia with a population of 22,324 (2001), the oldest town in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci county. ... The municipality is located in Krapina-Zagorje county in northern Croatia ĐurÄ‘evac is a town and municipality in the Koprivnica-Križevci county in Croatia. ... Image of Ogulin municipality within Karlovac County Ogulin is a town in north-western Croatia, Karlovac county, population 8,712 (2001), total municipality population 15,054 (2001). ... Žumberak (in Croatian) or Gorjanci (in Slovenian) is a mountain situated between Croatia and Slovenia. ... Koprivnica is a city in northern Croatia with a population of 30,994 (2001), the capital of the Koprivnica-Križevci county. ... Not to be confused with Golgotha, which was called Calvary. ...

The new military expenditures became a considerable concern, and the Congress of Inner Austrian lands in Bruck an der Mur in 1578 defined the obligations of each land in covering the military expenses and defined the priorities in improving the defensive strategy. The nobility of Styria financed the Upper Slavonian Frontier while the others (Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Carniola, Carinthia and Salzburg) financed the Croatian Frontier. Inner Austria (German Innerösterreich) is a term used from the late 14th to the 16th century referring to Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and assorted smaller Habsburg possessions in bordering the area. ... Bruck an der Mur is a city in the Austrian province of Styria. ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... Nobility is a traditional hereditary status (see hereditary titles) that exists today in many countries (mainly present or former monarchies). ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Styria, crowned with the ducal hat, today state coat The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark, Slovenian Å tajerska) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ... Carniola English and Latin; (Slovenian Kranjska, German Krain) is a name for a region in Slovenia. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Carinthia, today state coat The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: KoroÅ¡ka) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ...

By the end of the 16th century the Croatian Krajina became known as the Karlovac generalat, and since the 1630s the Upper Slavonian Krajina was known as the Varaždin generalat. During the 16th and 17th century, the military administration of the Frontier was moved away from the Croatian ban and the Sabor (Parliament) and instead instated in the high command of Archduke Charles and the War Council in Graz. The Croatian Krajina is a territory formed in the 16th century on the border of the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire, part of the Military Frontier. ... Karlovac (Croatia) Karlovac municipality within Karlovac county Karlovac Karlovac (German: Karlstadt or Carlstadt, Hungarian: Károlyváros and sometimes in Croatian, Marinograd) is a city and municipality in central Croatia. ... Great Migration (Puritan) Thirty Years War in full swing in Europe 1632 - Just a couple of months before his death in battle, Swedish king Gustav II Adolf The Great ratifies the establishment of University of Tartu, the second university in the Swedish Empire September 8, 1636 - A vote of the... Slavonian Krajina in 1849 Slavonian Krajina was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Krajina). ... Varaždin on the map of Croatia Varaždin (German: Warasdin, Hungarian: Varasd, Latin: Varasdinum) is a city in northwestern Croatia, 81 km north of Zagreb on the highway A4. ... Ban is a title of either Avar or Illyrian origin, the title was used in some states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century. ... The parliament of Croatia is called Hrvatski Sabor in Croatian - the word sabor means an assembly, a gathering, a congress. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI, (German Karl VI; in full Karl Josef Franz)Holy Roman Emperor (October 1, 1685 – October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg. ... The Grazer Schloßberg Clock Tower Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec IPA: /gra. ...

Despite the financial support of the Inner Austrian nobility, the financing of the Military Frontier was not efficient enough. The military leadership in Graz decided to try solutions other than mercenary units. In the 1630s, the Imperial Court decided to give land and certain privileges to immigrants into the Frontier (the uskok guerrillas as well as refugees from Turkish-occupied lands) at the area of Žumberak, and in return they would serve in the Imperial army. The remaining local population was also encouraged to stay by receiving the status of free peasants (rather than serfs) and other privileges. These new units were organized into ten or more voivodships per each captaincy. Uskok was the designation for a Slav Warrior or Hajduk in the areas of Dalmatia, Boka Kotorska, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia during the Ottoman wars in Europe. ... Žumberak (in Croatian) or Gorjanci (in Slovenian) is a mountain situated between Croatia and Slovenia. ... Costumes of Slaves or Serfs, from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries, collected by H. de Vielcastel, from original Documents in the great Libraries of Europe. ... Voivod or (more common) voivoda is a Slavic term initially denoting first in command of a military unit. ...

In November 1630, the Emperor proclaimed the so-called Statuta Wallachorum or Vlach Statute, which regulated the status of so-called Vlach settlers (which included Croats, Vlachs and Serbs) from the Ottoman Empire with regard to military command, their obligations and rights to internal self-administration. Over time, the population of the Frontier (as it was then) became mixed between the autochthonous Croats and Croatian serfs who had fled the Ottoman occupation, and the numerous minority of Serb and Vlach (which later developed into Croats and Serbs) refugees who strove to expand their rights as a major contributor in the defense of the land. By creating the new military class in the Frontier, the territory of the Frontier eventually became fully detached from the Croatian Parliament and the ban. The Territory of the Frontier had a large Serb population, who fled from their south-eastern lands, and tried to fight the Ottoman forces, making a refuge in Habsburg Croatia. A freedom of faith was granted to them, so the Orthodox faith was preserved in spite of that they lived in Catholic country. Eventually, the whole population of the Military Frontier became professional soldiers that served an Empire on several fronts and through many European wars, even after the disappearance of Turkish threat. Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Ban is a title of either Avar or Illyrian origin, the title was used in some states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century. ...

After the Great Turkish War and Treaty of Karlowitz

The 17th century was a relatively peaceful period, during which only smaller raids were made from the Province of Bosnia. After the Battle of Vienna was repelled in 1683, the Great Turkish War ended with most of the Croatian crownland liberated. Despite this, the Frontier system was retained, and expanded onto lower Slavonia, Srem, Bačka, Banat, Pomorišje, and Transylvania. The Empire valued the ability to centrally control the area and draft cheap and numerous army units. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... The Province of Bosnia was a key Ottoman province, the westernmost one, based on the territory of the present day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... The Great Turkish War refers to a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers, then joined into a Holy League, during the second half of the 17th century. ... In the United Kingdom and its predecessors, Crown land is designated land belonging to the Crown, the equivalent of an entailed estate that passed with the monarchy and could not be alienated from it. ... Coat of arms Slavonia (Croatian: Slavonija) is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia. ... Srem District in Vojvodina Vukovar-Srijem county within Croatia Syrmia (Serbian: Срем or Srem, Croatian: Srijem, Hungarian: Szerémség or Szerém, Slovak: Sriem, German: Syrmien, from Latin: Syrmia or Sirmium) is a fertile region of the Pannonian plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. ... Bačka (Serbian: Бачка or Bačka, Hungarian: Bácska, Croatian: Bačka, Slovak: Báčka, German: Batschka) is an area of the Pannonian plain lying between the rivers Danube and Tisa. ... Location of Banat in Europe Map of the Banat region with largest cities shown The Banat (Romanian: Banat, Serbian: Банат or Banat, Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság, German: Banat, Slovak: Banát, Bulgarian: Банат) is a geographical and historical region of Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the... Frontiersman from PomoriÅ¡je, first half of the 18th century. ... This article is about the region in Romania. ...

Map of the Militärgrenze (marked with a red outline)

After the Treaty of Karlowitz of 1699, a unit called the Serežan troop was formed, and it had both military and police duties. The members were not paid, but were released of all taxes. As an irregular unit, they wore a folk uniform rather than an army one. Over the following century, each regiment had one section of the serežani, led by a oberbaša or harambaša (sergeant), several unterbaša (corporal) and vicebaša (lance corporal). They organized the border patrols towards Bosnia, particularly on difficult terrain, and stopped incursions of bandits. They had to have extensive knowledge of the territory, good marksmanship and to be constantly under arms. They also maintained public law and order in the area of their regiment. There were also cavalry serežan units that served as escort to the high officers of Frontier regiments, carried urgent orders and carried out special patrol duties. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x312, 114 KB)Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier, from de:Bild:Militärgrenze. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x312, 114 KB)Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier, from de:Bild:Militärgrenze. ... The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed in 1699 in Sremski Karlovci (a city in modern-day Serbia and Montenegro) (German: Karlowitz, Turkish:Karlofça), concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side was defeated. ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ...

In mid-18th century, the Frontier was once again reorganized and modelled after the Imperial army and its regular regiments. In 1737, the Vlach Statute was formally abolished. All previous captaincies and voivodships were discarded, and the area was instead subdivided into general-commands, regiments and companies: (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Events 12 February — The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated. ...

• Varaždin general command
  • Križevci regiment
  • Đurđevac regiment
• Karlovac general command
  • Lika regiment
  • Otočac regiment
  • Ogulin regiment
  • Slunj regiment
• Zagreb general command
  • Glina regiment
  • Petrinja regiment
• Slavonia general command
  • Gradiška regiment
  • Brod regiment
  • Petrovaradin regiment
• Banat general command
  • Serbian section
  • German section
  • Romanian section

After 1767, every twelfth inhabitant of the Military Frontier was a soldier, while in the rest of the Habsburg Monarchy only every 62nd inhabitant was one. The Frontier soldiers became professional military, ready to move to all European battlefields. Due to further immigration of refugees from the Ottoman domain, and the expansion of the territory to places previously occupied by the Ottomans, the population of the Frontier became even more mixed. There were still many autochthonous Croats in Slavonia and parts of present-day Vojvodina (in Syrmia and Bačka), as well as autochthonous Serbs in Syrmia, Bačka and Banat. However, at this time they became outnumbered by the Serbian, Croatian and Vlach refugees/immigrants. Germans and Magyars also came to the Frontier, mostly as administrative personnel, and there was a number of other settlers and military persons from other parts of the Habsburg Empire such as the Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Rusyns and others. Varaždin on the map of Croatia Varaždin (German: Warasdin, Hungarian: Varasd, Latin: Varasdinum) is a city in northwestern Croatia, 81 km north of Zagreb on the highway A4. ... Križevci is a town in central Croatia with a population of 22,324 (2001), the oldest town in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci county. ... The municipality is located in Krapina-Zagorje county in northern Croatia ĐurÄ‘evac is a town and municipality in the Koprivnica-Križevci county in Croatia. ... Karlovac (Croatia) Karlovac municipality within Karlovac county Karlovac Karlovac (German: Karlstadt or Carlstadt, Hungarian: Károlyváros and sometimes in Croatian, Marinograd) is a city and municipality in central Croatia. ... Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the PljeÅ¡evica mountain from the northeast. ... OTOCAC, a town in the north-western part of Lika (Croatia); situated at the river Gacka, in the western part of the field bearing the same name, named after the early Croatian parish; elevation 459 m. ... Image of Ogulin municipality within Karlovac County Ogulin is a town in north-western Croatia, Karlovac county, population 8,712 (2001), total municipality population 15,054 (2001). ... Jordan Bicanic has founded the city of Slunj in early middle ages. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government  - Mayor Milan Bandić Area [1]  - City 641. ... Glina is a commune in the south-east of Ilfov county, Romania. ... Image of Petrinja municipality within Sisak-Moslavina County Petrinja is a city in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. ... Coat of arms Slavonia (Croatian: Slavonija) is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia. ... Nova GradiÅ¡ka is a scenic city located in the Brod-Posavina county of Croatia, population 15,833 (2001). ... Slavonski Brod is the sixth largest city in Croatia, with a population of 64,612 in 2001. ... Petrovaradin Petrovaradin (Serbian: Петроварадин or Petrovaradin; Croatian: Petrovaradin; Hungarian: Pétervárad; German: Peterwardein; Turkish Petervaradin]), formerly a fortified town, is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia (population 13,917 in 2002). ... Location of Banat in Europe Map of the Banat region with largest cities shown The Banat (Romanian: Banat, Serbian: Банат or Banat, Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság, German: Banat, Slovak: Banát, Bulgarian: Банат) is a geographical and historical region of Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Pannonian Rusyns or simply Rusyns (Ruthenians) is the name of a Slavic minority in Serbia and Croatia. ...

In 1787, the civil administration was separated from the military, but this was reversed in 1800. By the Basic Law of the Frontier from 1850, the administration of Military Frontier was split and the land started to look like a state. The Main Command was headquartered in Zagreb, but still directly subordinate to the Ministry of War in Vienna. Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government  - Mayor Milan Bandić Area [1]  - City 641. ...

The Croatian Parliament made numerous pleas to demilitarize the Frontier after the Turkish wars subsided. Finally, the demilitarization began in 1869 and officially ended on August 8, 1873 under Franz Joseph, when Banatian Frontier was abolished and incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary, while part of Croatian Frontier (Križevci and Đurđevac regiments) was incorporated into Croatia-Slavonia. The decree in which the rest of Croatian and Slavonian Frontiers were incorporated into Croatian-Slavonian crownland was proclaimed on July 15, 1881, while incorporation was performed in 1882. 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Franz Joseph I Franz Joseph (in English also Francis Joseph) (August 18, 1830 - November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and King of Hungary from 1867 until 1916. ... map of Banatian military frontier (Banat Krajina) in 1849 The Banat Krajina or Banatian Military Frontier was a section of the Habsburg Monarchys Military Frontier (Krajina) located in the Banat region (now split between Serbia and Romania). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Croatian Krajina is a territory formed in the 16th century on the border of the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire, part of the Military Frontier. ... Following the Battle of Mohács, in 1527 some of the Croatian (and Hungarian) nobles supported Ivan Zapolja, while some preferred suzerainty to the Austrian king Ferdinand of Habsburg. ... Slavonian Krajina in 1849 Slavonian Krajina was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Krajina). ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Population

1790

According to 1790 data, the population of the Military Frontier was composed of:

• Serbs = 388,000 (42.4%)
• Croats = 325,000 (35.5%)
• Romanians = 89,000 (9.7%)
• Hungarians = 69,000 (7.5%)
• Germans = 44,000 (4.8%)

By religion, the population included (1790 data): Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ...

• Orthodox Christians = 473,000 (51.7%)
• Catholics = 414,000 (45.2%)
• Calvinists = 28,000 (3.1%)

Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... In an unadorned church, the 17th century congregation stands to hear the sermon. ...

1850

In 1850, the population of the Military Frontier numbered 958,877 inhabitants, of whom 54% were Orthodox Christians. Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ...

Divisions

Map of Banatian military frontier (Banat Krajina) in 1849

Slavonian Krajina in 1849

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the frontier was divided into the several districts: Image File history File links Vojvodina_map. ... Image File history File links Vojvodina_map. ... Image File history File links historic map File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links historic map File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Danube Krajina

This section of the Military Frontier existed in the first half of the 18th century and comprised parts of southern Bačka (including Palanka, Petrovac, Petrovaradinski Šanac, Titel, etc) and northern Syrmia (including Petrovaradin, Šid, etc). After the abolishment of this section of the Frontier, one part of its territory was placed under civil administration and another part was joined to other sections of the Frontier. Bačka (Serbian: Бачка or Bačka, Hungarian: Bácska, Croatian: Bačka, Slovak: Báčka, German: Batschka) is an area of the Pannonian plain lying between the rivers Danube and Tisa. ... Bačka Palanka (Serbian: Бачка Паланка or Bačka Palanka; Croatian: Bačka Palanka; Hungarian: Bácspalánka) is a city located in Serbia and Montenegro at 45. ... The Evangelical Church Map of Bački Petrovac municipality Bački Petrovac (Serbian: Бачки Петровац or Bački Petrovac, Slovak: Petrovec or Báčsky Petrovec, Hungarian: PetrÅ‘c, Croatian: Bački Petrovac) is a town and municipality in the South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. ... For other uses, see Novi Sad (disambiguation). ... Catholic Church in Titel Abandoned church in Titel map of the Titel municipality and Å ajkaÅ¡ka region Titel (Serbian: Titel or Тител, Hungarian: Titel, German: Tittel and sometimes Theisshügel, Latin: Titulium), is a town and municipality in the South Bačka District of the Vojvodina, Serbia. ... Map of the Syrmia region Syrmia (Serbian: Srem (Cyrillic: Срем), Croatian: Srijem) is a fertile region of the Pannonian plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. ... Petrovaradin Petrovaradin (Serbian: Петроварадин or Petrovaradin; Croatian: Petrovaradin; Hungarian: Pétervárad; German: Peterwardein; Turkish Petervaradin]), formerly a fortified town, is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia (population 13,917 in 2002). ... Å id (Шид) is a town and municipality in Srem District of Vojvodina, Serbia. ...

Tisa Krajina

This section of the Military Frontier existed between 1702 and 1751 and comprised parts of north-eastern Bačka (including Sombor, Subotica, Kanjiža, Senta, Bečej, etc). After the abolishment of this section of the Frontier, most of its territory was placed under civil administration, while one small area in the south remained under military administration as part of the Šajkaš Battalion. Bačka (Serbian: Бачка or Bačka, Hungarian: Bácska, Croatian: Bačka, Slovak: Báčka, German: Batschka) is an area of the Pannonian plain lying between the rivers Danube and Tisa. ... Location in Serbia-Montenegro [[Image:|150px|center|Map of Serbia-Montenegro highlighting the City of {{{common_name}}}]] General Information Mayor Dr. Jovan Slavković Land area  ? Population (2002 census) 50,950 (96,669 municipality) Population density (2002)  ? Coordinates [1] Area code +381 25 Subdivisions 16 settlements in the municipality License plate code... Subotica city hall Subotica (Serbian: Суботица or Subotica, Hungarian: Szabadka, Croatian: Subotica, German: Maria-Theresiopel or Theresiopel, Slovak: Subotica, Rusin: Суботица, Romanian: Subotica or Subotita) is a city and municipality in northern Serbia and Montenegro, in the North Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. ... Kanjiža (-Serbian: Кањижа; Hungarian: Magyarkanizsa) is a town and municipality in the North Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia. ... Senta, City Hall The tower of the City Hall The bridge across Tisa River in Senta Senta (Serbian: Сента or Senta, Hungarian: Zenta, Romanian: Zenta, German: Senta) is a town and municipality on the bank of the Tisa river in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. ... Bečej (Serbian: Бечеј or Bečej, Hungarian: Óbecse, Rusin: Бечеј, Croatian: Bečej, German: Altbetsche) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. ... Å ajkaÅ¡ka (Шајкашка) is a geographical region in Serbia. ...

Mureş Krajina

This section of the Military Frontier existed between 1702 and 1751 and comprised the region of Pomorišje (area on the northern bank of the river Mureş). After the abolishment of this section of the Frontier, its entire territory was placed under civil administration. Frontiersman from PomoriÅ¡je, first half of the 18th century. ...

Sava Krajina

It existed in the first half of the 18th century along the Sava river.

Banat Krajina

The Banat Krajina was located on the Serbian-Romanian border. It was divided into Serbian (Illyrian), German (Volksdeutscher) and Romanian (Vlach) sections. map of Banatian military frontier (Banat Krajina) in 1849 The Banat Krajina or Banatian Military Frontier was a section of the Habsburg Monarchys Military Frontier (Krajina) located in the Banat region (now split between Serbia and Romania). ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in...

Slavonian Krajina

The Slavonian Krajina was located along Posavina, from eastern Croatia, following the river Sava, along the border with Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia, and stretched into Syrmia, till inflow into Danube near Zemun (today part of Belgrade). Its north-eastern border followed the Danube up till the Petrovaradin. Slavonian Krajina in 1849 Slavonian Krajina was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Krajina). ... Sava River in Belgrade Posavina (Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian: Posavina or Посавина, Slovenian: Posavje) is a Slavic name for the Sava river basin in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia. ... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Сава; German: Save; Hungarian: Száva) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (also variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... Map of the Syrmia region Syrmia (Serbian: Srem (Cyrillic: Срем), Croatian: Srijem) is a fertile region of the Pannonian plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. ... Location in Serbia General Information Mayor or municipality president Gordana Pop-Lazić Land area 153,56km² Population (2002 census) 145,751 (152,950 municipality) Population density (2002) 996 per km² Coordinates [1] Area code +381 11 Subdivisions 4 settlements in the municipality License plate code BG Time zone UTC+1... For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Danube River. ... Petrovaradin Petrovaradin (Serbian: Петроварадин or Petrovaradin; Croatian: Petrovaradin; Hungarian: Pétervárad; German: Peterwardein; Turkish Petervaradin]), formerly a fortified town, is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia (population 13,917 in 2002). ...

Croatian Krajina

The Croatian Krajina or "Banska krajina" was located on the border of Croatia and Bosnia. The Croatian Krajina is a territory formed in the 16th century on the border of the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire, part of the Military Frontier. ... This article is about a geographic region of Bosnia. ...

This part of the Military Frontier included the geographic regions of Lika, Kordun, Banovina (named after "Banska krajina"), and bordered the Adriatic Sea to the west, Venetian Republic to the south, Habsburg Croatia to the west, and the Ottoman Empire to the east. Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. ... A satellite image of the Adriatic Sea. ... The Republic of Venice was a city-state in Venetia in Northeastern Italy, based around the city of Venice. ...

It extended onto the Slavonian Krajina near the confluence of the Una river into Sava. Una is a river in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina; in its lower course it borders Croatia. ... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Сава; German: Save; Hungarian: Száva) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ...

Šajkaš Battalion

The Šajkaš Battalion was a small part of the Frontier that was formed in 1763 from parts of the previously abolished Danube and Tisa sections of the frontier. In 1852, Šajkaš battalion was transformed into Titel infantry battalion. It was abolished in 1873, and its territory was incorporated into Bačka-Bodrog County. Å ajkaÅ¡ka (Шајкашка) is a geographical region in Serbia. ...

Transylvanian Military Frontier

Existed from 1762 to 1851, mostly in eastern and southern parts of Transylvania. It was composed of two Székely and two Romanian regiments. The establishment of the frontier was followed by the Mádéfalva Massacre or Siculicidium. This article is about the region in Romania. ... The Székely or Szeklers (Hungarian: , Romanian: , German: ) ( sék-ei in pronunciation ) are a Hungarian ethnic group mostly living in Transylvania in Romania, with a significant population also living in Vojvodina, Serbia. ... County Status Commune Mayor József Tamás, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, since 2004 Population (2002) 6,906 Geographical coordinates The momunment to the Massacre at Madéfalva Siculeni or Mádéfalva (Romanian: , Hungarian: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. ... A monument raised in remembrance of the victims of Siculicidium The Massacre at Madéfalva (Siculicidium in Latin, which means murder of Székelys) was a mass murder committed against Székelys by the Habsburg army in 1764, under Maria Theresa. ...

Legacy

After the former Yugoslav Republic of Croatia declared independence (in 1991), the Serbs who lived in the region of former Military Frontier (Vojna Krajina) adopted that name (Krajina) in the name of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. However, this Serb entity also included some territories that were not part of the Military Frontier in the past, while large tracts of territory that had constituted the Military Frontier resided outside the Serb region as largely Croat populated areas of the Republic of Croatia (See the Croatian War of Independence for more information). This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a south Slavic people mostly living in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (where theyre one of the constitutive nations). ... Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Bosnian Serb Army Republic of Serbia Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo Tuđman (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Atif...

Further reading

• Walter Berger: Baut dem Reich einen Wall. Das Buch vom Entstehen der Militärgrenze wider die Türken. Leopold Stocker Verlag, 1979 ISBN 3-7020-0342-8
• Jakob Amstadt: Die k.k. Militaergrenze 1522 - 1881 (mit einer Gesamtbibliographie). Dissertation, 1969
• Heeresgeschichtliches Museum (Hrsg.): Die k. k. Militärgrenze (Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte). ÖBV, 1973 (Schriften des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums, 6) ISBN 3-215-73302-1
• Dragutin Pavličević (ed.): Vojna krajina: povijesni pregled-historiografija-rasprave, SN Liber, 1984, Zagreb
• Mirko Valentić: Vojna krajina i pitanje njezina sjedinjenja s Hrvatskom 1849-1881, CHP, 1981, Zagreb
• Gligor Stanojević: Dalmacija u doba Morejskog rata, 1967, Beograd
• Alexander Buczynski: Gradovi Vojne krajine 1-2, HIP, 1997, Zagreb
• Milan Kruhek: Krajiške utvrde Hrvatskog kraljevstva, HIP, 1995, Zagreb
• Drago Roksandić: Vojna Hrvatska (1809.-1813.), 1-2, ŠK, 1988, Zagreb
• Drago Roksandić: Etnos, konfesija, tolerancija, SKD Prosvjeta, 2004, Zagreb
• Potiska i pomoriška vojna granica (1702-1751), Muzej Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2003.

See also

• Banat Krajina
• Slavonian Krajina
• Croatian Krajina
• Šajkaška
• Pomorišje

map of Banatian military frontier (Banat Krajina) in 1849 The Banat Krajina or Banatian Military Frontier was a section of the Habsburg Monarchys Military Frontier (Krajina) located in the Banat region (now split between Serbia and Romania). ... Slavonian Krajina in 1849 Slavonian Krajina was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Krajina). ... The Croatian Krajina is a territory formed in the 16th century on the border of the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire, part of the Military Frontier. ... Šajkaška (Шајкашка) is a geographical region in Serbia. ... Frontiersman from Pomorišje, first half of the 18th century. ...

External links

• Map
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