A "military brat" (also known as a "brat", "base brat", "army brat", "navy brat/junior", "marine brat", or "air force brat") is a person whose parent or parents served full-time in the armed forces during the person's childhood. In conventional usage, the word "brat" is derogatory; in a military context, however, it is neither a subjective nor a judgmental term.^[1] It is a term in which the military community takes pride.^[2] Historically, the terms were "Army brat" and "Navy junior", although in recent years the term "brat" has come to be used for all services. The armed forces of a state are its government sponsored defense and fighting forces and organizations. ... Childhood (song) Childhood is a broad term usually applied to the phase of development in humans between infancy and adulthood. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A word or phrase is pejorative or derogatory (sometimes misspelled perjorative) if it expresses contempt or disapproval; dyslogistic (noun: dyslogism) is used synonymously (antonyms: meliorative, eulogistic, noun eulogism). ...

Navy brats experience the most long-term separation from their military parent.

Although the term "military brat" is used in other English-speaking countries, only the United States has studied its military brats as an identifiable demographic.^[3] This group is shaped by frequent moves, absence of a parent, authoritarian family dynamics, strong patriarchal authority, the threat of parental loss in war, and the militarization of the family unit.^[4] While non-military families share many of these attributes, military culture is unique due to the tightly knit communities that perceive these traits as normal. Although they do not choose to belong to it, military culture has a long-term impact on brats.^[5] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 531 pixelsFull resolution (2100 × 1393 pixel, file size: 523 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Lt Garcia reunited with family after a deployment. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 531 pixelsFull resolution (2100 × 1393 pixel, file size: 523 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Lt Garcia reunited with family after a deployment. ... A demographic or demographic profile is a term used in marketing and broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a market segment. ... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... A patriarch (from Greek: patria means father; arché means rule, beginning, origin) is a male head of an extended family exercising autocratic authority, or, by extension, a member of the ruling class or government of a society controlled by senior men. ... Look up war in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

As adults, military brats share many of the same positive and negative traits developed from their mobile childhoods. Having had the opportunity to live around the world, military brats often have a breadth of experiences unmatched by most teenagers. Regardless of race, religion, nationality, or gender, brats identify more with other highly mobile children than with non-mobile ones.^[6] Military brats typically have a love for their country, and have been raised in a culture that emphasizes loyalty, honesty, discipline, and responsibility. Sometimes these values are so strong that they cease to be virtues and become weaknesses.^[7] Many struggle to develop and maintain deep lasting relationships, feeling like outsiders to U.S. civilian culture.^[8] This subculture cuts across other cultural identities.^[2] Cultural identity is the (feeling of) identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as she/he is influenced by her/his belonging to a group or culture. ...

Research

Research on American military brats is a relatively recent endeavor. For decades, sociological knowledge was based on clinical reviews by military psychologists and psychiatrists. Because they were based upon biased samples of patients seeking counseling, these analyses have been criticized as they over-emphasized negative attributes of growing up in a military family.^[9] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A psychologist is a scientist and/or clinician who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of the human mind, including behavior and cognition. ... Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders (see mental illness). ... Ascertainment bias describes the incorrect results of a study due to the way in which the data were collected. ...

Family days and other events are routinely held in the military community to unite the community in a common mission.

In the 1970s sociologist Ruth Hill Useem coined the term Third Culture Kids (TCKs) for a child who follows his parents "into another culture".^[10] Useem used the term "Third Culture Kids" because TCKs integrate aspects of their birth culture (the first culture) and the new culture (the second culture), creating a unique "third culture". Globally military brats compromise about 30% of all TCKs,^[11] but they are almost exclusively from the U.S.^[12] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 260 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 260 pixel, file size: 18 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Air Force Child in Pilots outfit http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 260 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 260 pixel, file size: 18 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Air Force Child in Pilots outfit http://www. ... Ruth Hill Useem (31 May 1915 – 10 September 2003) was a sociologist who introduced the concept of Third Culture Kid (TCK) to describe children who spent part of their developmental years in a foreign culture due to their parents working abroad. ... Third Culture Kids (abbreviated TCKs or 3CKs or Global Nomad) refers to someone who [as a child] has spent a significant period of time in one or more culture(s) other than his or her own, thus integrating elements of those cultures and their own birth culture, into a third...

Systematic research began on military brats began in the 1980s. Responding to social and psychological issues observed in military families and communities, the U.S. Armed Forces sponsored research on the long term impact of growing up as a military brat.^[13] Outside of the U.S. there is no significant literature on the effects of growing up as a military dependent.^[3] Since the Department of Defense does not track or monitor former brats, any study on adult brats is based upon self identification. Thus, even though the studies are performed using scientific sampling methods; they may contain bias because of the difficulty in conducting epidemiological studies across broad-based population samples. Some researchers used referrals, internet, and newspaper articles to identify military brats.^[14] The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... Scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. ... Ascertainment bias describes the incorrect results of a study due to the way in which the data were collected. ... Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine. ... An Epidemiological study is a statistical study on human populations, which attempt to link human health effects to a specified cause. ... Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference. ...

In 1991, Mary Edwards Wertsch "launched the movement for military brat cultural identity" with her book Military Brat: Legacies from Inside the Fortress.^[15] In researching her book, Wertsch identified common themes from interviews of over 80 military brats. While this book does not purport to be a scientific study, subsequent research has validated many of her findings. Patrick Conroy, the author of The Prince of Tides and The Great Santini, said, "Her book speaks in a language that is clear and stinging and instantly recognizable to me [as a brat], yet it's a language I was not even aware I spoke. She isolates the military brats of America as a new indigenous subculture with our own customs, rites of passage, forms of communication, and folkways.... With this book, Mary [Wertsch] astonished me and introduced me to a secret family I did not know I had."^[16] Mary Edwards Wertsch is the author of the book This book is considered the seminal piece of literature dealing with the effects of growing up as a military brat. ... Pat Conroy (born October 26, 1945 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an Irish-American, New York Times bestselling author who has written several acclaimed novels and memoirs. ... The Prince of Tides is a 1986 novel by Pat Conroy. ... WHO KNOWS. ...

Linguistic reclamation

Brat, when used in this context, is seen as a term of endearment.

Linguistic reclamation is the appropriation of a pejorative epithet by its target, to turn an insult into a positive term and deny others the ability to define it;^[17] non-military personnel may find the term “brat” insulting if they do not understand the context. Sociologist Karen Williams used it reluctantly in her research, with the disclaimer, “to follow the wishes of the participants. It is a term that they use and feel comfortable with.”^[18] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 200 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 200 pixel, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 200 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 200 pixel, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... To reclaim is to bring a word back to a more acceptable course. ... A word or phrase is pejorative if it implies contempt or disapproval. ... An epithet (Greek - επιθετον and Latin - epitheton; literally meaning imposed) is a descriptive word or phrase. ...

Military culture has reclaimed the term to make it their own. Admiral Dennis Blair, Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command said, "There’s a standard term for the military child: 'Brat.' While it sounds pejorative, it’s actually a term of great affection."^[19] Senator Ben Nelson, a member of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services, wrote "when the word 'brat' is used to describe someone it is not meant as a compliment, but when it is preceded by another word and becomes “military brat” it becomes a term of endearment."^[20] Congresswoman Carol Shea-Porter said, "I married what is affectionately known as an Army brat."^[21] Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ... Dennis Blair (born 1946) is the immediate past President of the Institute for Defense Analyses, a U.S. Government think-tank in the Washington D.C. area focused on national security. ... A Commander-in-Chief is the commander of a nations military forces or significant element of those forces. ... The United States Pacific Command operates from suburban Honolulu in south central Oahu at the Nimitz-MacArthur Pacific Command Center. ... Earl Benjamin Ben Nelson (born May 17, 1941) is the junior U.S. Senator from Nebraska, where he was born and has lived for most of his life. ... The Committee on Armed Services is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nations military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy (as pertaining to national security), benefits for members of the military, the Selective Service System and other... Carol Shea-Porter (born December 2, 1954) is the City Chair of the Rochester, New Hampshire Democratic Party. ...

Senator John Cornyn identifies himself as military brat, and also identified Justice Janice Brown as one, during her confirmation hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.^[22] Military culture has created numerous positive backronyms (acronymns backed into existing words) for brat, such as "Born Rough and Tough" or "Brave, Resilient, Adaptable, and Trustworthy." While some may not like the origins of the term, brats take pride in it.^[2] Military Brat and author Michelle Ferguson-Cohen titled her children's books series Books for Brats. As the first commercially published books for military brats, Ferguson-Cohen intentionally hoped to use the series name to help brand the term Brats as synonymous with pride in civilian stores and classrooms. John Cornyn III (born February 2, 1952) is the junior United States Senator from Texas. ... The Honorable Janice Rogers Brown Janice Rogers Brown (born May 11, 1949 in Greenville, Alabama) is a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. ... A backronym or bacronym is a portmanteau of backward and acronym[1] coined in 1983. ...

The term is now used by researchers and academians as well; it is no longer merely a slang term, but a studied segment of U.S. culture. "Most of the professional research on growing up in military families has contributed to the perpetuation of the 'brat' label," sociologist Morton Ender wrote, "It is no wonder that the label endures and is as popular as ever."^[23] Slang is the use of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speakers dialect or language. ...

Military culture

Military brats often endure long separations from their military parent.

Military brats may not develop strong relations with people or places, but form strong connections with the notion of a military base.^[24] This is because the knowledge, experience, values, ideas, attitudes, skills, tastes, and techniques that are associated with the military differ from civilian culture.^[25] Military bases are miniature, self-contained, government-subsidized towns that promote conformity.^[26] Military families shop at the same stores, whose discounted merchandise is regulated to prevent unfair competition, so they frequently end up with the same clothes and products.^[27] Male brats are likely to get the same “military haircut” at the base barbershop. To a child growing up on a military base, in a homogeneous culture, the individuality of civilian life can be completely foreign.^[2] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 350 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 350 pixel, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 350 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 350 pixel, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by and/or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Competition is the act of striving against another force for the purpose of achieving dominance or attaining a reward or goal, or out of a biological imperative such as survival. ... A traditional musical style, see Barbershop music A 2002 motion picture, see Barbershop (movie) A place where barbers work, see Barbershop (hair) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Values and patriotism

The return of a parent from deployment is often a cause of celebration and anticipation.

The comfort found on military bases is not limited to the physical trappings, but is fortified via the consistent rituals common to them. When moving around the world, these rituals help brats to feel at home in their new community. Even though the faces and geography change, the "base" remains recognizable because the rituals are uniform. The underlying principle of these rituals is consistent: to promote patriotism.^[28] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 200 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 200 pixel, file size: 18 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 200 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 200 pixel, file size: 18 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value, which is prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community. ...

Life on military bases instills patriotism within the brat.^[29] For example, honoring the American Flag is expected. At 1700 hours the bugle call "Retreat" is played while the flag is lowered.^[30] Anybody outside, even if participating in sports or driving a car, is expected to stop their activity and stand at attention.^[31] Uniformed personnel salute and non-uniformed people place their hand over their heart. National flag and ensign. ...

The Pledge of Allegiance is recited every morning and patriotic and militaristic songs may be sung at Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS) overseas and Department of Defense Domestic Dependent Elementary and Secondary Schools (DDESS) within the United States. Patriotic ideals often form the basis for church sermons. Protestant and Catholic worship services may include militaristic hymns.^[32] Prior to movies at base theaters, patrons and staff stand for the National Anthem and often another patriotic song, such as "God Bless the USA".^[33] Students reciting the Pledge at Rafael Weill Elementary School, San Francisco, California, April 20, 1942 prior to Japanese American internment (photo by Dorothea Lange) [1] The Pledge of Allegiance is a promise or oath of allegiance to the United States as represented by its national flag. ... The Department of Defense Dependents Schools (usually shortened to just DoDDS) is a network of schools, both primary and secondary, that serve dependents of United States military- and other non-US - personnel. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... St. ... A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... See also hymn - a program to decrypt iTunes music files. ... God Bless the USA is an American patriotic song written by nationalist country musician Lee Greenwood. ...

Deployment can be a time of heartbreak and tears.

The military family knows that the service person may be killed in the line of duty, but accept that risk because they are taught that the military mission is worth dying for. The mission is one in which the brat shares by extension through his military parent.^[34] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 264 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 264 pixel, file size: 15 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 264 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 264 pixel, file size: 15 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ...

Military law requires commanding officers and those in authority to demonstrate virtue, honor, patriotism, and subordination in all that they do.^[35] In the 1990s, the army officially adopted what have come to be known as "The 7 Army Values," which are summarized with the acronym "LDRSHIP." LDRSHIP stands for Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage. While this acronym is relatively new, the ideas it represents have been at the heart of military service for generations. Similarly, the motto "Duty, honor, country" is the standard of U.S. military.^[36] Military brats are raised in a culture that stresses LDRSHIP, Duty, Honor, Country, and being a "lady" or "gentleman." Their strict (outward) adherence to military values is what separates military brats most from their civilian peers. Children of military personnel often mirror the values, ideals, and attitudes of their parents more than children of civilians.^[37] Marine General Peter Pace, the Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff said "There's no way, in my mind, that you can be successful in the military and have a family unless that family does, in fact, appreciate your service to the country.[...] [Brats are] patriots and role models for us all."^[38] Third Culture Kids often participate in protest or anti-war activities; military brats, however, are generally under-represented.^[39] The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is the foundation of military law in the United States. ... The commanding officer (CO) is the officer in command of a military unit. ... Personification of virtue (Greek ἀρετή) in Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey Virtue (Latin virtus; Greek ) is moral excellence of a person. ... Honor (or honor) comprises the reputation, self-perception or moral identity of an individual or of a group. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Insubordination is the act of a subordinate deliberately disobeying a lawful order. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into United States army. ... The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... General Peter Pace (born November 5, 1945) is the current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the first U.S. Marine appointed to be Americas highest-ranking military officer. ... A Chairman is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee, or other deliberative body. ... Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States of America symbol The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a panel comprising the highest-ranking members of each major branch of the armed services in any particular country. ...

Discipline

Various organizations provide services for military families, not only day care, but counseling and emergency financial assistance.

The stereotypical military family might have a "duty roster" on the refrigerator, parent-conducted room inspections, and children who say "yes sir/ma'am" to adults.^[40] Eighty percent of brats describe their father as "authoritarian" or desiring to exercise complete control over their lives.^[41] They describe their military parent as rigid in discipline, inflexible, intolerant of dissent, disapproving of non-conforming behavior, and not accepting of personal privacy.^[42] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 300 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 300 pixel, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 300 × 300 pixelsFull resolution (300 × 300 pixel, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ...

Disciplinary expectations extend beyond the military family. Family members know that their actions and behavior can have a direct impact on the military service member's career.^[43] The consequences of misbehavior for a military brat are generally greater than for civilian children. A military person’s career and social identity can be dashed in seconds by a willful or careless child.^[44] For example, when a military brat gets in trouble, the authorities may call the parent's Commanding Officer or the Base Commander before, or instead of, calling the brat's parents.^[45] If the Commanding Officer or Base Commander is contacted, the brat's behavior may become a part of the military member's record, and adversely affect his or her ability to be promoted or get prime duty assignments.^[46] Look up Career in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Social Identity Theory is a theory formed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. ... The commanding officer (CO) is the officer in command of a military unit. ... The base commander is the officer assigned to command a military base. ... A service record is a collection of either electronic or printed material which provides a record and history of a persons activities and accomplishments while serving as a member of a given organization. ...

Research into military brats has consistently shown them to be better behaved than their civilian counterparts.^[37] Sociologist Phoebe Price posed three possible hypothesis as to why brats are better behaved: firstly, military parents have a lower threshold for misbehavior in their children; secondly, the mobility of teenagers might make them less likely to attract attention to themselves, as they want to fit in and are less secure with their surroundings; and thirdly, normative constraints are greater, with brats knowing that their behavior is under scrutiny and can affect the military member’s career.^[47] Mobility is the ability and willingness to move or change; this can depend on motor skills; mobility aids may be needed such as a walking stick, walker, mobile standing frame, power operated vehicle/scooter, wheelchair or white cane for visual impairment. ... Teenagers is the fourth single and eleventh track from My Chemical Romances third studio album, The Black Parade. ...

Teenage years are typically a period when people establish independence by taking some risks away from their parents. When the teenager lives in a "fish-bowl community", a small self-contained community such as a base, challenging boundaries may be more difficult. Brats know that misbehavior or rebellious activity will be reported to their parents.^[48] Brats are under constant pressure to conform to what military culture expects; this means they are often seen as being more mature in their youth than their peers. If they grow up overseas or on military bases, they have limited opportunity to see a wide range of role models in different professions.^[49]

Strict discipline can have the opposite effect: brats may rebel or behave in adolescent manners well beyond what is normally considered acceptable.^[50] Others develop psychological problems due to the intense stress of always being on their best behavior.^[44] A Cold War era military psychologist, publishing in the American Journal of Psychology, reviewed the parents of patients who came to his clinic, and concluded that 93 percent of patients came from military families that were overly authoritarian.^[51] A psychologist is a scientist and/or clinician who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of the human mind, including behavior and cognition. ... The American Journal of Psychology was the first English-language journal devoted primarily to experimental psychology (though Mind, founded in 1876, published some experimental psychology earlier). ...

Military classism

Military life is strictly segregated by rank;^[52] the facilities provided for officers and enlisted personnel differ dramatically. The officers' housing will generally be more accessible to base activities, larger in size, and better landscaped. On larger bases, the officers' housing may be broken down into different categories, with senior officers receiving larger and more opulent housing; sometimes, the highest-ranking officers live on a row of large houses often referred to as "Colonels' Row" or "Generals' Row." Geographical segregation exists whenever the proportions of population rates of two or more populations are not homogenous throughout a defined space. ... rank. ... Central Park, like all parks, is an example of landscape architecture. ...

Seoul American High School's Army JROTC Honor Guard presents the U.S. and Republic of Korea colors at the 2006 Asian region JROTC Drill Team competition.

The Officer Clubs are more elegant than the Enlisted Clubs. Officers have cleaner, more elaborate recreational facilities than their enlisted counterparts. Historically, base chapels and movie theaters would have designated seating for officers and their families. For a part of the twentieth century, some bases had two Boy Scout and two Girl Scout troops — one for officer children and one for enlisted children.^[53] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 248 × 320 pixelsFull resolution (248 × 320 pixel, file size: 75 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 248 × 320 pixelsFull resolution (248 × 320 pixel, file size: 75 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Seoul   is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ... New York Military Academy Army JROTC cadets at Annual Formal Inspection in Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. ... A chapel is a church other than a parish church, often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... This article is about the Boy Scout program within the BSA. For the national organization, see Boy Scouts of America. ... The Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA) is a youth organization for girls in the United States and American girls living abroad. ...

These differences are not merely external, but a core aspect of military life.^[53] Children of enlisted personnel often believe that children of officers receive specialized treatment because non-officers are afraid to upset the officer.^[54] The children socialize with others of the same type; even if an officer brat and an enlisted brat become friends at school, this friendship rarely carries over to the home life. The physical separation and differences between available activities make it very difficult.^[55]

The separation by rank has the intended purpose of maintaining military discipline among service members. According to the U.S. Code of Military Justice, it can be illegal for an officer to fraternize with an enlisted person because it would corrode the military hierarchy. This is often conveyed to the children of military personnel. Brats whose parents have a subordinate-supervisory relationship can cause problems for both their parents.^[56] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

To a lesser degree, military classism also includes the branch of service to which the military parent belongs. If asked to name "the best branch of service", military brats will invariably name the one to which their parent belonged. They will be able to articulate many reasons why "their" branch of the service is the best. These biases are maintained well past the time they cease to be military dependents. However, inter-service rivalries don't always end at the branch of service; each branch of the service has its own internal rivalries. The two most notable internal rivalries are combat vs support (i.e., non-combat) roles, and graduates from the military academies vs other sources of commissioning. When brats grow up, these boundaries are replaced by a shared identity based upon that of being a military brat.^[57] A military academy is a military educational institution. ...

Anti-racism

Military members are often separated from their children.

In 1948, President Truman signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the military and mandating equality of treatment and opportunity. It made it illegal, per military law, to make a racist remark.^[58] Fifteen years later, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara issued Department of Defense Directive 5120.36. "Every military commander," the Directive mandates, "has the responsibility to oppose discriminatory practices affecting his men and their dependents and to foster equal opportunity for them, not only in areas under his immediate control, but also in nearby communities where they may gather in off-duty hours.”^[59] The directive was issued in 1963, but it was not until 1967 that the first non-military installation was declared off-limits to military personnel.^[60] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 281 × 340 pixelsFull resolution (281 × 340 pixel, file size: 14 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 281 × 340 pixelsFull resolution (281 × 340 pixel, file size: 14 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... President Truman announces that Germany had surrendered (May 8 1945) Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–1953); as Vice President, he succeeded to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... The Chicago Defender announces Executive Order 9981. ... Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Pedophobia · Ephebiphobia Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Supremacism Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights Gays/Transsexes/Intersexes rights Womens/Universal suffrage · Feminism Mens/Fathers rights... The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the United States Department of Defense (DoD), concerned with the armed services and The role of the Secretary of Defense is to be the principal defense policy advisor to the President and is responsible for the formulation of general defense... Robert Strange McNamara (born June 9, 1916) was an American business executive and a former United States Secretary of Defense. ... Department of Defense Directive 5120. ...

With strict guidelines based upon the rank of the military member and the prohibitions against racism, the issue of race diminishes among military brats. When families go overseas, minority students rarely experience overt racism from their expatriate neighbors.^[61] This is also true on military bases within the U.S.; as the community is isolated and smaller than the off-base community, military dependents are less likely to resort to racist notions. The military community is normally a stronger bond than the differences of race. Military brats grow up in communities that actively condemn racist comments. This results in, according to Wertsch, brats who "aren't just non-racist, but anti-racist."^[2]
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Growing up military

The Internet has enabled soldiers to connect with their families while deployed and to share in family events such as childbirth from many miles away.

Sociologist Morton Ender conducted the largest scientific study to date exclusively on career military brats (those who were brats from birth through high school.) He interviewed and sent questionnaires to over 600 brats who belonged to various brat organizations and responded to his newspaper and internet ads. His study revealed that 97% lived in at least one foreign country, 63% in two, 31% in 3. They averaged 8 moves before graduating from high school and spent an average of 7 years in foreign countries. Over 80% now speak at least one non-English language and 14% speak three or more.^[62] Ann Cottrell's work with Third Culture Kids, however, shows slightly lower results, but her results did not specify career brats.^[63] Sociologist Henry Watanabe showed that military and civilian teenagers share the same concerns and desires, but that growing up in a mobile community offers opportunities and experiences generally unavailable to geographically stable families.^[37] Those who spent their entire childhood in the military culture will identify with it the strongest. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 214 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 214 pixel, file size: 14 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 214 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 214 pixel, file size: 14 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ...

Friendships

Because military brats are constantly making new friends to replace the ones that they have lost,^[64] military brats are more outgoing and independent.^[65] According to largest study conducted on nearly 700 TCKs, eighty percent claim that they can relate to anyone, regardless of differences such as race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality.^[39] The term race describes populations or groups of people distinguished by different sets of characteristics, and beliefs about common ancestry. ... This article or section should be merged with ethnic group Ethnicity is the cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ...

A typical military school can experience up to 50% turnover every year (25% graduate while a third of the remaining 75% of students move); social groups that existed one year cease to exist as new groups emerge. The brat learns to adapt quickly to fit into this ever changing environment. Highly mobile children are more likely to reach out to a new student because they know what it is like to be the new student.^[66] Academic procession during the University of Canterbury graduation ceremony. ...

However, brats typically have difficulty making friends with civilian children. Not only have civilians lived together for years developing tight cliques, but brats may find it hard to relate to their non-mobile peers. Children who have made numerous moves during their childhood find they have more in common with other mobile children than they do with people who haven't moved. This is particularly true for brats who have spent time overseas. Having seen places and experienced things that most U.S. citizens only dream about, brats are eager to share their experiences with others. But highly mobile teens can become frustrated with the lack of knowledge demonstrated by geographically stable families. Knowing (or at least believing) that they have a better understanding of world geography and politics many brats feel superior to their less well traveled peers.^[67] Antarctica Oceania Africa Asia Europe North America South America Middle East Caribbean Central Asia East Asia North Asia South Asia Southeast Asia SW. Asia Australasia Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Central America Latin America Northern America Americas C. Africa E. Africa N. Africa Southern Africa W. Africa C. Europe E. Europe N... Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ...

Recent studies show that, although brats move on average every 3 years, they do not grow accustomed to moving.^[68] The constantly changing environment and openness to others has a price. Military brats may look like they are making friends, but the friendships are at a superficial level, lacking the depth often found in civilian communities.^[69] Since military families move every 2-3 years brats tend to make friends quicker, but are ready to discard them.^[38] Rather than develop problem-solving skills, there is a temptation to simply leave a problem without resolving it.^[70] If a person doesn't like somebody or gets into a fight, they know that in a few years somebody will move and the problem will disappear. Thus, brats struggle their entire lives developing close lasting friendships. On the other hand, when brats marry it is generally for life; over two thirds of brats over 40 are married to their first spouse.^[62]

School life

DoD Dependent Schools provide American educations to children around the world.

---

This image has an uncertain copyright status and is pending deletion. You can comment on the removal.

Moving during the summer months can be challenging.^[71] Courses students took at their old schools may not fulfill the graduation requirements at their new school.^[72] Moving during the winter holidays or mid-year, however, has traditionally been viewed as the worst time to move.^[73] The student is forced to join classes that have already begun. Social groups become even more difficult to break into and activities that the student enjoyed may be barred to him or her. For example, an athlete may not be able to join his or her sport because they missed tryouts and the season had already began. A student who excelled at their old DoDDS or DDESS school suddenly feels inadequate at the larger school.^[74] Recent studies, however, show that mobility during the school year may be less traumatic than summer time moves.^[75] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 144 × 108 pixelsFull resolution (144 × 108 pixel, file size: 3 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Military brats in class. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 144 × 108 pixelsFull resolution (144 × 108 pixel, file size: 3 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Military brats in class. ... In sociology, a group is usually defined as a collection of humans or animals, who share certain characteristics, interact with one another, accept expectations and obligations as members of the group, and share a common identity. ...

DoDDS schools overseas and DDESS schools in the United States tend to be smaller than many public schools. Students and teachers often interact in a more social manner with one another. When returning to civilian schools, the lack of camaraderie with the faculty can be an unexpected obstacle for many highly mobile families.^[76]

Military brats have lower delinquency rates, higher achievement scores on standardized tests, and higher median IQ than their civilian counterparts.^[77] They are more likely to have a college degree (60% v 24%) and possess an advanced degree (29.1% v 5%).^[77] While these rates are higher than the general U.S. population, they are lower than those of non-brat Third Culture Kids (84-90% college degree and 40% graduate degree).^[62] Delinquent means one who fails to do that which is required by law or by duty and such failure is minor in nature. ... Originally a standardized test was simply a standard test – of academic achievement or of knowledge in a specific academic or vocational domain. ... IQ redirects here; for other uses of that term, see IQ (disambiguation). ... Third Culture Kids (abbreviated TCKs or 3CKs or Global Nomad) refers to someone who [as a child] has spent a significant period of time in one or more culture(s) other than his or her own, thus integrating elements of those cultures and their own birth culture, into a third...

Abuse and alcoholism

"Operation Christmas" is a campaign aimed at brightening the holidays for military families. This is an example of how the U.S. military provides extra support to military families.

Two of the common themes in Wertsch's book are abuse and alcoholism. These themes are echoed in other literature of the Cold War Era, such as Patrick Conroy's The Great Santini. In the 1980s and 1990s the U.S. military focused on the issues of abuse and alcoholism. The impact on the military's efforts remains inconclusive. Some studies report higher rates of abuse in military families, while others report lower rates.^[78] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 265 × 177 pixelsFull resolution (265 × 177 pixel, file size: 54 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 265 × 177 pixelsFull resolution (265 × 177 pixel, file size: 54 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ...

The studies that conclude abuse is a bigger problem in military families than civilian families attribute this to the long hours, frequent disruptions in lifestyles, and high degree of stress. They point out that military families may be more reluctant to report issues of abuse because of the potential impact on the service member's career. Other studies, however, argue that military families have a smaller problem than civilian families because military culture offers more accessible help for victims of abuse. Military families have health care, housing, and family support programs often unavailable to lower income civilian families. Abusive family members are more likely to be ordered (by their Commanding Officer or Base Commander) to obtain treatment, thus reducing reoccurrences of abuse.^[78]

Current brats

Military members may be absent during important events, such as the birth of a child.

Most of the research into military brats has been conducted on the long term effects on adults who grew up during the Cold War. As the Cold War came to an end, the role of the United States Armed Forces changed. The U.S. military realized that there was distinct correlation between the quality of life and retention and operational effectiveness. To this end, the military started to change the living standards that most Cold War brats grew up with. The demographics of the military changed. The modern military has a larger proportion of married military members. Since base housing is designed for fewer families, more families are forced to live off-base. Military personnel are being supplemented by more civilians filling essential roles. And the introduction of the large megabases that intermesh different service branches and their individual cultures has also affected the demographics.^[79] Finally, during the Post Cold War period, the United States has been involved in three extended military engagements (two in Iraq and one in Afghanistan). The long term effects of these changes are unknown, but research has been conducted on short term effects on Post-Cold War Era brats.
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 291 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 291 pixel, file size: 16 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 291 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 291 pixel, file size: 16 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

War in the 21st century

Winning drawing entitled, "Why I'm proud to be a part of the military family" during "Operation Enduring Families".

Today's military brat faces challenges that Vietnam War Era brats did not have to face. For example, it is estimated that approximately 50,000 military families have both parents serving in the armed forces; this creates the possibility that both parents may be deployed at the same time.^[80] Another significant difference is the speed of communication. With the advent of the internet it is possible for family members to communicate with servicemen in combat zones. This allows brats to remain in closer contact with their military parent, but it also increases tension as more details reach the military families. Round-the-clock news agencies, such as CNN and Fox News, spread news faster than the military bureaucracy can process the details. This means that military families know that servicemen have died before official word reaches the family. Military Psychiatrist Colonel Stephen Cozza says that a "sense of fear" accompanies news of the death of a service member until confirmation that the service member was not a loved one.^[81] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 324 × 400 pixelsFull resolution (324 × 400 pixel, file size: 40 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Caption from photo reads: Roland Hamand, son of U.S. Army Spc. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 324 × 400 pixelsFull resolution (324 × 400 pixel, file size: 40 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Caption from photo reads: Roland Hamand, son of U.S. Army Spc. ...

Despite these facts, studies show only a slight increase in stressors among military brats whose parents serve in a combat zone. Boys and younger children do show the most risk when a parent is deployed, but rarely does this require clinical intervention. However, studies show that when a military member is deployed to a combat zone, the family cohesion is more disrupted than when service members are deployed to non-combat zones.^[82]

Military members can be deployed for days, months, or even years without their family. When a parent is stationed without his family, the children experience the same emotions as children of divorced parents.^[83] In addition to the effects of the divorce, military brats have additional concerns. When a military member is sent away, the family does not always know where they are going or when (or if) the service member will return.^[84] When a military person is deployed, the entire family is affected. Studies show that there are three phases to deployment and each phase has different impacts on the family. Military spouses reported the following when their spouse was deployed:

Military brat pretends to navigate T43

• Predeployment — Marital stress/conflict, distancing from spouse, anger, resentment, sadness/depression, negative child behavior.
• Deployment — Marital problems, isolation, loneliness, anger, resentment, sadness/depression, reduced communications, stress, less social support, assuming the role of single parent, child care difficulties, sleep disturbances, physical symptoms, home and car repairs, difficulty accessing military services, negative child behavior.
• Postdeployment/Reunion — Redefining responsibilities, marital stress, communication problems, anxiety, anger, resentment, parent-child attachment issues^[85]

While separation produces stress, it strengthens the military brat. These children take on additional responsibilities when a parent is absent, thus deployment of a parent fosters maturity. It encourages independence.^[86] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 245 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 245 pixel, file size: 17 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 340 × 245 pixelsFull resolution (340 × 245 pixel, file size: 17 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... The Boeing T-43A is a modified Boeing 737-200 used by the US Air Force. ...

"Suddenly military" brats

Military families grieve the death of a soldier in the line of duty.

With the increased demands on the U.S. military, reservists have been called to active duty. The children of these reservists, who are suddenly called to extended active duty, are technically military brats, but they may not identify with or share the characteristics of typical brats. In an effort to help integrate "suddenly military" brats, Operation: Military Kids came into existence. Operation: Military Kids is a program designed to help "suddenly military" children understand the military culture to which they now belong. "Suddenly military" families face challenges not faced by traditional military families. National Guard families are not as familiar with military culture. They are physically separated from other military families, and are rarely as emotionally prepared for active duty deployment.^[87] Both the formal and informal support structures available for the regular military families are not as readily available to reservist families.^[80] Operation: Military Kids teaches "suddenly military" brats about military culture and expectations.^[25] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 227 × 340 pixelsFull resolution (227 × 340 pixel, file size: 18 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 227 × 340 pixelsFull resolution (227 × 340 pixel, file size: 18 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ...

Death in combat

The effect of having a parent killed during military operations has not been specifically studied.^[81] Studies on children who have lost a parent show that 10-15% experience depression and a few develop childhood traumatic grief (the inability to recall any positive memories of the deceased parent).^[88] Military psychiatrist Stephen Cozza speculates, based upon his experience, that the long term affects of having a parent killed during war would be more traumatic and difficult to deal with than typical causes of parental death.^[81]

Reunited and reaching out

Norman Schwarzkopf. A military brat who shares his own experiences on Donna Musil's documentary "Brats-Our Journey Home"^[89]

As adults, brats try to reunite with their brat heritage.^[90] Organizations and online communities have attracted over 100,000 members attempting to reconnect with their youth. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2356x2976, 3097 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2356x2976, 3097 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. ... Norman Schwarzkopf can refer to: Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr. ...

A recent study, “Military Brats: Issues and Associations in Adulthood," identified several reasons why military brats, as adults, are seeking out brat organizations. Many brats feel a "sense of euphoria" when they discover that other brats share the same feelings and emotions, and thus many join these groups to find "Others Like Me." According to the study, brats share a bond with one another through common experiences that transcends race, religion, and nationality; they have more in common with each other than with non-brats. Another common theme behind their joining brat organizations is to stay connected or reconnect with their old friends.^[91] This is a list of famous military brats. ...

See also

• List of famous military brats
• List of famous fictional military brats
• Missionary Kids
• Third Culture Kids

This is a list of famous military brats. ... A military brat is an objective term used to describe the child of somebody in the military. ... Missionary Kids (or MKs) are the children of Missionary parents, and thus were born and/or raised abroad (that is, on the mission-field). They are a subgroup of Third Culture Kids (TCKs). ... Third Culture Kids (abbreviated TCKs) is a term for children who have lived a significant portion of their lives in a country that is not their passport country, usually because of parents work obligations. ...

Notes

December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Rudy Maxa (born 1950) is an American consumer travel expert. ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ... Dennis Blair (born 1946) is the immediate past President of the Institute for Defense Analyses, a U.S. Government think-tank in the Washington D.C. area focused on national security. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... The United States Pacific Command operates from suburban Honolulu in south central Oahu at the Nimitz-MacArthur Pacific Command Center. ... Bravery and Fortitude redirect here. ... Boldness is an opposite of shyness. ... The term race describes populations or groups of people distinguished by different sets of characteristics, and beliefs about common ancestry. ... A creed is a statement or confession of belief — usually religious belief — or faith. ... Country of origin is the country of manufacture, production, or growth where the article is coming from. ... In engineering in general, reliability is the capacity of a component or a system of such components to perform as designed. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the resistance to fracture of a material when stressed. ... It has been suggested that toleration be merged into this article or section. ... A minority or subordinate group is a sociological group that does not constitute a politically dominant plurality of the total population of a given society. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... Nicholson took the copy Key had given him to a printer, who published it as a broadside on 17 September, 1814 under the title Defence of Fort McHenry, with a note explaining the circumstances of its writing. ... Sheet music for the chorus to Hail to the Chief Hail to the Chief is the official anthem of the President of the United States. ... The Battle Hymn of the Republic is a patriotic anthem, written by Julia Ward Howe, that was made popular during the American Civil War. ... Onward, Christian Soldiers is a 19th century English hymn. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... A tactic is a method employed to help achieve a certain goal. ... Abuser redirects here. ... Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (sometimes referred to as ADD for those without hyperactivity) is thought to be a neurological disorder, always present from childhood, which manifests itself with symptoms such as hyperactivity, forgetfulness, poor impulse control, and distractibility. ... January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Psychology is an academic or applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes such as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... The University of South Carolina, Columbia (USC or Carolina) is a public, co-educational, research university located in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ...

References

• Bonn, Keith. (2005) Army Officer's Guide: 75th Edition, Mechanicburg, PA:Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-3224-X
• Cottrell, Ann (2002) "Educational and Occupational Choices of American Adult Third Culture Kids" In Morton Ender, “Military Brats and Other Global Nomads.”
• Eakin, Kay (1996). "You can't go 'Home' Again" in Strangers at Home: Essays on the effects of living overseas and Coming 'home' to a strange land. Edited Carolyn Smith, Alethia Publications: New York. 1996
• Eakin, Kay (undated). “ACCORDING TO MY PASSPORT, I’M COMING HOME.” (PDF) U.S. Department of State. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
• Ender, Morten, "Growing up in the Military" in Strangers at Home: Essays on the effects of living overseas and Coming 'home' to a strange land. Edited Carolyn Smith, Alethia Publications: New York. 1996
• Ender, Morton (2002) "Beyond Adolescence: The Experiences of Adult Children of Military Parents" In Morton Ender, “Military Brats and Other Global Nomads,” Portland:Greenwood Publishing Group 2002
• Ferguson-Cohen, Michelle (2001), "Daddy, You're My Hero!" and "Mommy, You're My Hero!" Little Redhaired Girl Publishing, Brooklyn, NY. ISBN 978-0972926447 and ISBN 978-0972926430
• Jordan, Kathleen Finn (2002). "Identity Formation and the Adult Third Culture Kid " In Morton Ender, “Military Brats and Other Global Nomads.”
• Morten G. Ender, ed. (2002). Military Brats and Other Global Nomads: Growing Up in Organization Families, Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97266-6
• Price, Phoebe. (2002). “Behavior of Civilian and Military High School Students in Movie Theaters.” In Morton Ender, “Military Brats and Other Global Nomads.”
• Smith, Carolyn (ed) (1996). Strangers at Home: Essays on the Effects of Living Overseas and Coming 'Home' to a Strange Land, New York: Aletheia Publications. ISBN 0-9639260-4-7
• Truscott, Mary R (1989). BRATS: Children of the American Military Speak Out," New York, New York: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-24815-3
• Tyler, Mary (2002). “The Military Teenager in Europe: Perspectives for Health care Providers.” In Morton Ender, Military Brats and Other Global Nomads
• Watanabe, Henry (1985) "A Survey of Adolescent Military Family Members' Self-Image" Journal of Youth and Adolescence Vol 14 No 2 April 1985
• Wertsch, Mary Edwards (1991). Military Brats: Legacies of Childhood Inside the Fortress, New York, New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-58400-X. Also, Saint Louis, MO: Brightwell Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-9776033-0-X.
• Williams, Karen and LisaMarie Mariglia, (2002) “Military Brats: Issues and Associations in Adulthood“ in Morton Ender Military Brats and Other Global Nomads

December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

External links

• Military Brats Online, a free resource designed to reconnect military brats with each other.
• Operation Footlocker. Three footlockers crisscross the country, going from one gathering of brats to another.
• [1], Books for BratsTM the first children's books for military brats, written and illustrated by a military brat, Michelle Ferguson-Cohen.
• Third Culture Kids, a discussion on not only military brats but other "third culture kids" including Missionary Kids, Diplomatic Kids, etc.
• Overseas Brats, a free resource designed to reconnect U.S. citizens who have attended school overseas.
• Military Brats Registry Podcast Military Brats Registry sponsored a series called "Every Brat has a story." These are interviews with famous and not-so-famous military brats.