NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Military history of Australia

The Military history of Australia spans several centuries and includes Australia's involvement in wars. Australian troops were involved in many of Britain's wars from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, including World War I and World War II. Australians later took part in Korea, Vietnam, and other regional conflicts. More recently, forces have been deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq. Australian troops have also served on several peacekeeping missions. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The history of Australia began when people first migrated to the Australian continent from the north, at least 40,000-45,000 years ago. ... The prehistory of Australia is a term which may be used to describe the period of approximately 40-45,000 years (or more, as is contended by some studies) between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the first definitive sighting of Australia by Europeans in 1606, which... The first definite sighting of Australia by European explorers was in 1606. ... The history of Australia from 1788-1850 covers the early colonies period of Australias history, from the first English settlement and penal colony at Port Jackson in 1788 to the establishment of other colonies and the spread of settlers. ... The history of Australia from 1851 - 1900 continues Australias colonial history, the discovery of gold in 1851 which led to increased economic and political independence from Britain and a great debate about federation. ... The history of Australia from 1901 - 1945 begins with the federation of the colnies to create the Commonwealth of Australia. ... The history of Australia since 1945 has seen a move away from Britain in political, social and cultural terms to engagement with the United States and Asia. ... This is a timeline of Australian history. ... The European exploration of Australia encompasses several waves of seafarers and land explorers. ... The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed a federation. ... This article is a brief timeline of the economic history of Australia. ... Australian immigration has a chequered history. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Foundation and growth Governor Lachlan Macquarie In 1770 Captain James Cook sailed along the east coast of Australia, the first European to do so. ... History of Sydney stretches back to prehistoric times. ... This article describes the history of Victoria. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the northeast part of the continent. ... Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is named for Sir Thomas Brisbane (1773â€“1860), British soldier and colonial administrator born in Ayrshire, Scotland. ... The human history of Western Australia spans between the first inhabitants arriving on the northwest coast about 55,000 years ago to events in the twentieth century. ... This article details the History of Perth from the first human activity in the region to the 20th century. ... This article details the history of South Australia from the first human activity in the region to the 20th century. ... Adelaide is the capital city of the Australian state of South Australia. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The first settlement in Hobart was started in 1803 as a penal colony at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the Derwent River, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. ... The History of the Australian Capital Territory details the Australian Capital Territorys development from before white settlement to Canberras planning by the Chicago architect Walter Burley Griffin and subsequent development to the present day. ... The History of Canberra details the development of the city of Canberra from the time before white settlement to Canberras planning by the Chicago architect Walter Burley Griffin and subsequent development to the present day. ... The history of the Northern Territory began over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region. ... The history of Darwin has been a colourful and often tragic one; the Australian citys location has meant that it has been a victim of man-made disasters, such as World War Two and also natural ones, such as Cyclone Tracy. ... Look up war in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Early Colonial warfare

Until Australia became a Federation in 1901, each of the six colonial governments was responsible for the defense of their own colony. ... Image File history File links Black_war_poster. ... Image File history File links Black_war_poster. ... Van Diemens Land was the original name used by Europeans for the island of Tasmania, now part of Australia. ...

The "Black War"

By 1826, the indigenous population of Tasmania had begun violent resistance to the expansion of British settlements. In 1828, the colonial government considered this resistance to be serious enough to impose martial law. The subsequent military action was referred to as "the Black War". In 1830, Colonel George Arthur executed a plan known as the “Black Line”, which aimed to herd the entire native population onto two peninsulas. The plan was a disastrous failure. They ended up capturing two members of the indigenous community, a young child and elderley man. The English, it seemed, had not enough experience of the Australian geography and the Aboriginals easily mangaed to break the line and evade capture. Hostilities continued until 1832. Later efforts would result in what has been called the only successful genocide ever completed. The native populace was eventually herded into tiny reserves and left to rot. Between disease and the theft of their children, the Tasmanian aboriginies as a "full-blooded" race were annihilated. A significant number of Tasmanian aboriginies of mixed indigenous/European lineage remain. Poster issued in Van Diemens Land during the Black War depicting Lieutenant-Governor Daveys policy of friendship and equal justice for settlers and aborigines. ... Capital Hobart Government Const. ... Major General Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet, (21 June 1784 â€“ 19 September 1854) was Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras (1814â€“1822), Van Diemens Land (now Tasmania Australia) (1823â€“1837) and later Upper Canada (1838â€“1841). ... The Black Line is a notorious incident that occurred in 1830 on Tasmania, or Van Diemens Land as it was then known. ...

The "Battle of Pinjarra"

In 1834, in response to violent resistance to the expansion of British settlements in Western Australia, Captain James Stirling initiated “the Battle of Pinjarra” near the town of Pinjarra. The Nyungar Tribe, including the women and children, were chased down, surrounded and fired upon. The survivors were then briefly imprisoned and released as a sign of the benevolence of the Empire. Combatants British colonists Pinjarup tribe Commanders Governor Captain James Stirling Possibly Calyute Strength 25 soldiers 60-80 men, women and children Casualties Unknown 14-40 dead, unknown injured The Battle of Pinjarra was a conflict that occurred in Pinjarra, Western Australia, between a group of 60-80 Australian Aborigines and... Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 15 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $100,900 (4th) - Product per capita $50,355/person (3rd) Population (December 2006) - Population 2,050,900 (4th) - Density 0. ... Admiral Sir James Stirling Admiral Sir James Stirling (January 28, 1791â€“April 23, 1865) was a British marine officer and colonial administrator. ... The townsite of Pinjarra is located in the south west agricultural region, 87 km south of Perth and 21 km south east of Mandurah. ... Australian aboriginal flag The Noongar (alternate spellings: Nyungar /Nyoongar)[1], are an Australian Aboriginal people who live in the south west corner of Western Australia from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the south coast. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...

The New Zealand Wars 1861-1864

Taranaki War

In 1861, the Victorian Colonial ship the HMVS Victoria went to help the New Zealand Colonial government in its war against Māori in Taranaki. After it finished its work there, one sailor was killed. The Taranaki War is a conflict that took place between Maori and Pakeha in New Zealand from March 1860 to March 1861. ... Languages MÄori, English Religions MÄori religion, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Polynesian peoples, Austronesian peoples The word MÄori refers to the indigenous people of New Zealand and their language. ... View of Mount Taranaki or Mount Egmont from Stratford, facing west. ...

Invasion of the Waikato

In late 1863, the Australian Colonial governments requested troops to assist in the invasion of the Waikato province in New Zealand (Waikato war). They recruited about 2,500 men in the Colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, over half of them from Victoria. Many Australian workers went on strike over recruitment in Australia and, in 1864, recruitment was down to almost nothing. During the war, about 31 Australians were killed. The Invasion of the Waikato was an invasion during the Maori Wars fought in the North Island of New Zealand from July 1863 to April 1864 between the military forces of the Colonial Government and a federation of Maori tribes known as the King Movement (Kiingitanga). ... Waikato is the name of a region in the North Island of New Zealand. ...

Sudan March-June 1885

During the early years of the 1880s, an Egyptian regime in the Sudan, backed by the British, came under threat from rebellion under the leadership of native Muhammad Ahmad (or Ahmed), known as Mahdi to his followers. In 1883, the Egyptians sent an army to deal with the revolt. However, the Egyptians were defeated and faced a difficult campaign of extracting their forces. The British sent General Charles Gordon to take care of the problem, but he was killed in January of 1885. When news of his death arrived in New South Wales in February 1885, its government offered to send forces and meet the contingent's expenses. The battle group consisted of an infantry battalion of 522 men and 24 officers as well as an artillery battery of 212 men. It set sail from Sydney on March 3, 1885. They arrived in Suakin, Sudan on March 29, 1885, and were attached to a brigade that consisted of Scots, Grenadiers, and Coldstream Guards. They marched, in a large "square" formation made up of 10,000 men, for Tamai. They reached the village, burned huts that were standing and returned to Suakin, the Australians taking 3 casualties, none fatal. After this, most of the NSW contingent worked on a railway line that was being laid across the desert towards Berber, a town on the Nile. The Australians had been assigned to guard duties, but soon a camel corps was raised and 50 men volunteered. They rode on a reconnaissance to Takdul on May 6. On May 15, they made one last sortie to bury the dead that were killed from the fighting of the previous March. The artillery were posted at Handoub and drilled for a month, but, on May 15, they rejoined the camp at Suakin. The only casualties were from disease. By May 1885, the British government decided that the campaign in Sudan was not worth the trouble and left a garrison in Suakin, while the Australian contingent sailed for home on May 17. They arrived in Sydney on June 19, 1885. Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Image:Mahdi3. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Chinese Gordon as Governor of Sudan Charles George Gordon, C.B. (January 28, 1833 - January 26, 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. ... Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 50 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $305,437 (1st) - Product per capita $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006) - Population 6,817,100 (1st) - Density 8. ... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920, in the city limits. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Suakin is a port in north eastern Sudan, on the Red Sea. ... A Grenadier was originally a specialized assault trooper for siege operations, first established as a distinct role in the early 17th century. ... The Coldstream Guards is a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division or Household Division. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation) Garrison House, built by William Damm in 1675 at Dover, New Hampshire Garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, to equip) is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Boer War 1899-1902

Before Federation and the forming of the national army, the six Australian colonial governments sent separate contingents to South Africa to serve in the Second Boer War. These soldiers were paid by the British government and, as such, were technically part of the British Army. Afrikaners (sometimes known as Boers) are white South Africans, predominantly of Calvinist German, French Huguenot, Friesian and Walloons descent who speak Afrikaans. ... Flag Location of the Transvaal in pre-1994 South Afica Capital Pretoria Language(s) Dutch, English, Afrikaans Religion Dutch Reformed Church Government Republic President - 1883-1902 Paul Kruger - 1900-1902 Schalk Willem Burger (acting) History - Established June 27, 1857 - British annexation 1877-1881 - Second Boer War October 11, 1899 - Treaty... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed a federation. ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ... Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Canada Cape Colony Orange Free State South African Republic Royal Dutch Navy (Evacuation of Paul Kruger only) Commanders Redvers Buller Herbert Kitchener Frederick Roberts Martinus Steyn Christiaan de Wet Paul Kruger Louis Botha Koos de la Rey Casualties 5000 - 6000 Battlefield casualties, 15,000... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ...

In July 1899, during the long lead up to war, Queensland offered troops. However, the first detachment, sent in October 1899, was known as The Australian Regiment and was an infantry unit, made up mainly of volunteers from the Colonies of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia, who left on one ship for Cape Town. Due to the way the war developed, these troops were converted from infantry to mounted infantry. They were not involved in the British defeats of Black Week (December 10-17) when 2,300 men were killed or wounded in three different battles. Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Peter Beattie (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 28 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $158,506 (3rd) - Product per capita $40,170/person (6th) Population (End of September 2006) - Population 4,070,400 (3rd) - Density 2. ... Capital Melbourne Government Const. ... Capital Hobart Government Const. ... Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 11 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $59,819 (5th) - Product per capita $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of September 2006) - Population 1,558,200 (5th) - Density 1. ... Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 15 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $100,900 (4th) - Product per capita $50,355/person (3rd) Population (December 2006) - Population 2,050,900 (4th) - Density 0. ... City motto: Spes Bona (Latin: Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Province Western Cape Mayor Helen Zille Area - % water 2,499 kmÂ² N/A Population - Total (2004) - Density Not ranked 2,893,251 1,158/kmÂ² Established 1652 Time zone SAST (UTC+2... Mounted infantry were soldiers who rode horses instead of marching, but actually fought on foot with muskets or rifles. ... Black Week is a phrase frequently used in the popular press to mark periods of a few days when a string of similar unfortunate events occur. ...

About 500 members of the Queensland Mounted Infantry and the New South Wales Lancers took part in the relief of Kimberley in February 1900, and men of the New South Wales Mounted Rifles played a minor role at Paardeburg. Kimberley is a town in South Africa, and the capital of the Northern Cape. ...

After the Afrikaner republics were defeated, Afrikaners formed kommandos, which disrupted British Empire troop movements and lines of supply. The Afrikaners used the latest rifles with smokeless powder and were able to snipe at Imperial infantry, who had a tough time adapting to this style of warfare. Kommando is a generic German language word meaning unit or command. ...

The new phase of resistance from the Afrikaner forces led to further recruiting in the Australian colonies. Known as Bushmen's Contingents, these soldiers were usually volunteers with horse-riding and shooting skills but no military experience. After Federation in 1901, eight Australian Commonwealth Horse battalions were sent.

Many of the Australian units were short-lived and subject to frequent restructuring. Some Australians were also transferred to multinational units, such as the Bushveldt Carbineers, famed as the last unit in which Harry "Breaker" Morant and Peter Hancock served, before their court martial and execution for alleged war crimes. The Bushveldt Carbineers (BVC) were a short-lived, multinational mounted infantry regiment in the British Army, during the Second Boer War. ... Harry Breaker Harbord Morant For the film of the same name, see Breaker Morant (film) Harry Breaker Harbord Morant (1864â€“ 27 February 1902) was an Anglo-Australian drover, horseman, poet, and soldier whose renowned skill with horses earned him the nickname The Breaker. ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...

By mid-1901, British Empire mounted units would ride at night to attack Boer farmhouses or encampments, overwhelming the smaller number of Afrikaners with superior numbers. In the last few months of 1901, the NSW Mounted Rifles traveled 1,814 miles and were involved in 13 skirmishes at the loss of 5 dead and 19 wounded. They killed 27 Boers, wounded 15, and captured 196.

Other notable actions at which Australian units served included Sunnyside, Slingersfontein, Pink Hill, the Siege of Eland's River, Rhenosterkop and Haartebeestefontein.

In all, 16,175 Australians, with 16,314 horses, served in the Boer War; 251 were killed in action, 267 died of other causes and 43 went missing in action. Six Victoria Crosses were awarded to members of the Australian contingents. Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ...

Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901

The Boxer Rebellion began in 1900 and the western powers soon sent forces to the area. Because most of their troops were engaged in South Africa in the Boer War, the Australians looked to the navy to provide manpower. The reservists were organized into naval brigades in which the training was oriented for coastal defense by sailors who would be capable of ship handling and fighting as soldiers. On August 8, 1900 the first Australian contingents from New South Wales and Victoria sailed for China. When they arrived in Tientsin, they provided 300 men to an 8,000-strong multinational force (made up of Russian, German, Austrian, British Indian, and Chinese troops) to take Chinese forts at Pei Tang which overlooked a rail route. However, the Australian contingent arrived at Pei Tang when the battle was already won. The next action they took part in was against the Boxer fortress at Pao-ting Fu, where the Chinese government was believed to have found asylum after Peking was taken by western forces. The Victorians joined a force of 7,500 on a 10 day march to the fort to find that it had already surrendered. During this time, the New South Wales contingent had undertaken garrison duties in Peking when they arrived, on October 22, after a 12 day march. Remaining in Terenal and Peking over the winter, they performed police and guard duties, sometimes working as railwaymen and fire-fighters. Although the Australians played a small role in combat, they did play a role in the restoration of civil order. The entire naval brigade left China in March 1901. Six Australians died from sickness and injury, but none were killed as a result of enemy action. Combatants Eight-Nation Alliance (ordered by contribution): Japan Russia United Kingdom France United States Germany Italy Austria-Hungary Righteous Harmony Society Chinese Empire Commanders Edward Seymour Alfred Graf von Waldersee Ci Xi Strength 20,000 initially 49,000 total Over 100,000 Casualties 230 foreigners, thousands of civilians Unknown The... Motto: Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine) Other Australian states and territories Capital Sydney Governor HE Professor Marie Bashir Premier Bob Carr (ALP) Area 809,444 km² (5th) - Land 800,642 km² - Water 8,802 km² (1. ... Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th) - Land 227,416 km² - Water 10,213 km² (4. ... Tianjin (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: tiān jīn; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is a harbour municipality in China on the Hai He River (from Beijing) and Bohai Gulf of the Yellow Sea (Pacific Ocean). ... Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng; Wade-Giles: Pei-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Peking), is the capital city of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Creation of the Royal Australian Navy

Prior to the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia, each self-governing colony in Australia operated its own naval force. These usually consisted of naval gunboats for coastal defence of harbours and rivers. The separate colonial navies were small and lacked blue water capabilities, this forced the sererate colonies to subsidise the cost of a British naval squadron in their waters for decades. The separate colonies maintained control over their respective navies until 1 March 1901, when the Commonwealth Naval Force was created. This new commonwealth force also lacked any blue water ships and did not lead to a change in Australia's naval policy. In 1909, Prime Minister Alfred Deakin, while attending the Imperial Conference in London, sought the British Government's agreement to end the subsidy system and develop an Australian navy. The Admiralty rejected and resented the challenge, but suggested diplomatically that a small fleet of destroyers and submarines would be sufficient. Deakin was not impressed with the Admiralty and, in 1908, invited the Great White Fleet to visit Australia, this fired the public enthusiasm for a modern navy. This lead to the order of two 700 ton River class destroyers, a purchase that angered the British. The surge in German naval construction, in 1909, lead the Admiralty to change their position on an Australian Navy. The Royal Australian Navy came into existence in 1911 and, on 4 October 1913, the new fleet steamed through Sydney Heads, the fleet consisted of the Battle cruiser HMAS Australia, three light cruisers and 3 destroyers with several other ships under construction. The Royal Australian Navy entered World War I as a formidable force.^[1] Image File history File links Set03_20. ... Image File history File links Set03_20. ... The Royal Australian Navy was established in 1909 and has seen action in all the worlds oceans during both World Wars and numerous other conflicts. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 â€“ 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Her Majestys Government, or when the sovereign is male, His Majestys Government, abbreviated HMG, is the formal title used by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the governments of some other kingdoms where executive authority is theoretically vested in the monarch... Flag of the Lord High Admiral The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ... Mort Kuntsler 1977 painting The Great White Fleet Sails. ... The River class was the name given to a class of six torpedo boat destroyers used by the Royal Australian Navy during World War I. All six ships of the class were named after famous Australian rivers (one from each state), starting a tradition in the RAN of naming ships... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Sydney Heads (also known as the Heads) is the geographical area representing the entrance to Port Jackson (and therefore also to Sydney Harbour) bordered by North Head and Quarantine Head to the north, South Head to the south and Middle Head to the west. ... HMAS Australia was an Indefatigable class battlecruiser laid down by John Brown and Company of Clydebank at Glasgow in Scotland on 26 June 1910, launched on 25 October 1911 by Lady Reid, wife of Sir George Reid, the Australian High Commissioner in London and former Prime Minister. ...

First World War 1914-1918

When the United Kingdom declared war on Germany at the start of World War I, the Australian government followed without hesitation. It was believed at the time that any declaration of war by Britain automatically included Australia, in part because of the very large number of British-born citizens and first generation Anglo-Australians at the time. By the end of the war, almost 20% of those who served in the Australian forces had been born in the United Kingdom, even though nearly all enlistments had occurred in Australia. An Australian WWI recruiting poster, titled Would you stand by while a bushfire raged?. When WWI broke out in 1914, all of the Commonwealth nations, including Australia, were called to defend Great Britain. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The first HMAS Sydney was a Chatham class light cruiser of the Royal Australian Navy. ... â€œThe Great Warâ€ redirects here. ...

Because existing militia forces were unable to serve overseas, an all-volunteer expeditionary force, the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) was formed from August 15, 1914. The Australian government had pledged to supply 20,000 men, organised as one infantry division and one light horse brigade plus supporting units. The first commander of the AIF was General William Bridges, who also assumed direct command of the infantry division. The First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I. It was formed from August 15, 1914, following Britains declaration of war on Germany. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to twenty thousand soldiers. ... The Australian Light Horse in Palestine during World War I The Australian Light Horse soldiers were mounted infantry who served during the Second Boer War and World War I. The Light Horse differed from cavalry in that they usually fought dismounted, using their horses as transport to the battlefield and... In military science a brigade is a military unit that is part of a division and includes regiments (where that level exists), or (in modern armies) is composed of several battalions (typically two to four) and directly attached supporting units. ... Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges (February 18, 1861-May 18, 1915) served with Australian forces during World War I, and was the first Australian to reach the rank of General. ...

Australians first saw action in German New Guinea, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force was a 2,000 man all volunteer force that was separate to the AIF. The force attacked and occupies the German territories with little opposition and forced a surrender on 17 September 1914. The losses of the AN&MEF were light, Australia's first military fatality of the war was believed to be Seaman W.G.V. Williams. The only major loss of the campaign was the submarine AE1. German New Guinea (Ger. ... The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force was a small Australia shortly after the outbreak of the First World War to seize and destroy German wireless stations in the south-west Pacific. ... September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The AE1 was an E-class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy. ...

The AIF departed in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia on November 1, 1914. During the journey, HMAS Sydney destroyed the German cruiser SMS Emden, at the Battle of Cocos, the first ship to ship action for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The AIF was sent initially to British-controlled Egypt, to preempt any attack by the Ottoman Empire, and with a view to opening another front against the Central Powers. Albany, (IPA: ; ; post code: 6330), is a city on the south coast of Western Australia, 408 kilometres south-southeast of Perth. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... The first HMAS Sydney was a Chatham class light cruiser of the Royal Australian Navy. ... SMS Emden was a light cruiser of the German navy. ... Combatants Australia Germany Commanders John Glossop Karl von MÃ¼ller Strength light cruiser HMAS Sydney light cruiser SMS Emden Casualties 3 men killed 8 wounded 131 men killed 65 wounded Emden scuttled The naval Battle of Cocos took place on November 9, 1914 during World War I off the Cocos... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... European military alliances in 1914. ...

The combined Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), commanded by British general William Birdwood, went into action when Allied forces landed on the Gallipoli peninsula on April 25, 1915 (now commemorated as Anzac Day). The Battle of Gallipoli would last for eight months of bloody stalemate. The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force that was formed in Egypt in 1915 and operated during the Battle of Gallipoli. ... William Riddell Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood (13 September 1865 - 17 May 1951) was a World War I general who is best known as the commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) during the Battle of Gallipoli in 1915. ... Gallipoli peninsula (Turkish: , Greek: ) is located in Turkish Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles straits to the east. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... ANZAC Day is commemorated by Australia and New Zealand on 25 April every year to remember members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who in the Battle of Gallipoli landed at Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I. ANZAC Day is also a public holiday in Cook... Combatants British Empire Australia India Newfoundland New Zealand United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Otto von Sanders Mustafa Kemal AtatÃ¼rk Strength 5 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) 6 divisions Casualties 141,109 251,309 The Battle of Gallipoli took place at Gallipoli from April 1915 to...

After Gallipoli Australian troops returned to Egypt and the AIF underwent a major expansion. In 1916, the Infantry Divisions began to move to France while the cavalry units stayed in the area and combated Turkish troops. Australian troops took part in many battles on the Western Front and managed to distinguish thenselves many times.

A total of 331,814 Australians were sent overseas to serve, of those who served in the AIF, 18% (61,859) were killed the casualty rate (killed or wounded) was 64%. The financial cost of the war to the Australian government was £188,480,000. Australian 4th Battalion (1st Brigade) landing at Anzac Beach at 8am on April 25, 1915. ... Australian 4th Battalion (1st Brigade) landing at Anzac Beach at 8am on April 25, 1915. ... ISO 4217 Code GBP User(s) United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies Inflation 3. ...

During the war two referendums on conscription had been defeated, preserving the volunteer status, but stretching the reserves towards the end of the war. The AIF also had a desertion rate larger than Britain, mainly because the death penalty was not in force. It is also important to remember with regards to this statistic that the vast majority of deserters returned voluntarily to their units, unlike those of the other armies in the war. Ballots of the Argentine plebiscite of 1984 on the border treaty with Chile A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...

Campaigns

// // id="Spanish_Civil_War_1936-1939"> Combatants Empire of Japan British Empire United Kingdom Australia New Zealand German Empire The Asian and Pacific Theater of World War I was a largely bloodless conquest of a number of German controlled islands in the Pacific Ocean. ... Combatants Australia Germany Commanders John Glossop Karl von MÃ¼ller Strength light cruiser HMAS Sydney light cruiser SMS Emden Casualties 3 men killed 8 wounded 131 men killed 65 wounded Emden scuttled The naval Battle of Cocos took place on November 9, 1914 during World War I off the Cocos... Battle of Gallipoli Conflict First World War Date 19 February 1915 - 9 January 1916 Place Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey Result Ottoman victory The Battle of Gallipoli took place on the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli in 1915 during the First World War. ... Anzac Cove looking towards Ari Burnu, 1915. ... Second Battle of Krithia Conflict First World War Date 6–8 May 1915 Place Helles, Gallipoli, Turkey Result Turkish victory The Second Battle of Krithia continued the Allies attempts to advance on the Helles battlefield during the Battle of Gallipoli of World War I. The village of Krithia and... Combatants British Empire Australia India New Zealand United Kingdom Ottoman Empire Commanders Ian Hamilton Otto von Sanders Mustafa Kemal Strength 4 divisions (initial) 8 divisions (final) Unknown Casualties Suvla: 8,155 Anzac: 12,000+ Total: 20,155+ 12,000 The Battle of Sari Bair, also known as the August Offensive... Combatants Australia Ottoman Empire Commanders Harold Walker Unknown Strength 1 division Unknown Casualties 2,300 6,000 The Battle of Lone Pine, which took place during the Gallipoli campaign, was the only successful Australian attack against the Turkish trenches within the original perimeter of the ANZAC battlefield, and yet it... Combatants Australia Ottoman Empire Commanders Col. ... Battle of Hill 60 Conflict First World War Date 21–29 August 1915 Place Gallipoli, Turkey Result Turkish victory The Battle of Hill 60 was the last major assault of the Battle of Gallipoli. ... Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir John Maxwell Archibald Murray Henry George Chauvel Philip Chetwode Charles Dobell Edmund Allenby Djemal Pasha Kress von Kressenstein Jadir Bey Tala Bey Erich von Falkenhayn Otto Liman von Sanders The Sinai and Palestine Campaign during the Middle Eastern Theatre of... Battle of Romani Conflict First World War Date 3– 5 August 1916 Place Sinai peninsula, Egypt Result Allied victory The Battle of Romani took place near the Egyptian town of Romani which lies 23 miles east of the Suez Canal near the Mediterranean shore of the Sinai peninsula. ... Battle of Magdhaba Conflict First World War Date 23 December 1916 Place Sinai peninsula, Australia, New Zealand Ottoman Empire Commanders Gen. ... Battle of Rafa Conflict First World War Date 9 January 1917 Place Rafa, Sinai-Australia, New Zealand Ottoman Empire Commanders Philip Chetwode Unknown Strength 5 mounted brigades 2,000 Casualties 71 killed 415 wounded 200 killed 168 wounded 1,434 prisoners The Battle of Rafa was a World War I... First Battle of Gaza Conflict First World War Date 26 March 1917 Place Gaza, southern Palestine Result Turkish victory The First Battle of Gaza was a World War I battle on the southern border of Palestine. ... Second Battle of Gaza Conflict First World War Date 19 April 1917 Place Gaza, southern Palestine Result Turkish victory The Second Battle of Gaza, fought in southern Palestine during World War I, was the second attempt mounted by the British to break the Turkish defences along the Gaza-Beersheba line. ... Third Battle of Gaza Conflict First World War Date 31 October–7 November 1917 Place Gaza, southern Palestine Result Allied victory The Third Battle of Gaza was fought in 1917 in southern Palestine during World War I. The British forces under the command of General Edmund Allenby successfully broke... The Battle of Beersheba took place on October 31, 1917, as part of the Sinai and Palestine campaign during World War I. The Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade, under Brigadier General William Grant, charged more than four miles at the Turkish trenches, overran them and captured the wells at Beersheba. ... Combatants Australia, United Kingdom New Zealand Ottoman Empire Commanders Kress von Kressenstein The Battle of El Mughar Ridge on 13 November 1917 took place at Junction Station, where the Haifa-Jerusalem line branches to Beersheba. ... Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Ottoman Empire Commanders Edmund Allenby Erich von Falkenhayn Strength Egyption Expeditionary Force Seventh Army Casualties 18,000 (for entire campaign) 25,000 (for entire cmpaign) {{{notes}}} The Battle of Jerusalem resulted in the city of Jerusalem falling to British forces in December 1917. ... Combatants British Empire Australia India New Zealand United Kingdom France Arab insurgents Ottoman Empire German Empire Commanders Edmund Allenby Otto Liman von Sanders Strength 12,000 mounted troops 57,000 infantry 540 guns 3,000 mounted troops 32,000 infantry 402 guns Casualties 782 killed 382 missing 4,179 wounded... Combatants Belgium, British Empire, France, United States, other Western Allies of WWI Germany Commanders No unified command until 1918, then General Ferdinand Foch Kaiser Wilhelm II Casualties ~4,800,000 Unknown though considerably higher Following the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the German army opened the Western... Combatants British Empire Australia Canada New Zealand Newfoundland South Africa United Kingdom France German Empire Commanders Douglas Haig Joseph Joffre Max von Gallwitz Fritz von Below Strength 13 British & 11 French divisions (initial) 51 British and 48 French divisions (final) 10. ... The Battle of Arras took place from 9 April to 16 May 1917. ... Combatants British Empire Australia Canada New Zealand South Africa United Kingdom France German Empire Commanders Douglas Haig Hubert Gough Herbert Plumer Arthur Currie Max von Gallwitz Erich Ludendorff Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties 448,000 killed and wounded 260,000 killed and wounded The 1917 Battle of Passchendaele, also known as... Combatants Australia, United States German Empire Commanders John Monash Casualties 976 KIA, 338 WIA 2000 KIA, 1600 POW The Battle of Hamel (4 July 1918) was a planned attack launched by the Australian Corps of the Australian Imperial Force against German positions in the town of Hamel in northern France... Combatants Belgium British Empire France United States of America German Empire Commanders King Albert I Ferdinand Foch Douglas Haig Philippe Petain John Pershing Erich Ludendorff Casualties 411,636 British 531,000 French 127,000+ American 785,733 The Hundred Days Offensive was the final offensive in World War I by...

Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

Australian volunteers participated in the armed forces supporting both sides of the Spanish Civil War, though predominantly supporting the Spanish Republic through the International Brigades. While the Spanish Civil War was a celebrated cause for the Australian left, particularly the Communist Party of Australia, the war did not spark particular public interest. While individual right wing Australians served on the side of the Nationalist rebels, they did not receive any public support from within Australia. Australian opposition to the Republican cause was martialed by B.A. Santamaria on an anti-communist basis, rather than a pro-Nationalist basis. Returned veterans from either side were not subsequently recognised by either the government or the RSL. There have been two Spanish Republics: First Spanish Republic (1873-1874) Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) Franco declared Spain to be a monarchy, but did not permit a monarch until his death in 1975. ... Flag of the International Brigades. ... The Communist Party of Australia was founded in 1920 and dissolved in 1991. ... Bartholomew Augustine Santamaria (14 August 1915 - 25 February 1998), (known in public as B.A. Santamaria and in private as Bob), Australian political activist and journalist, was one of the most influential political figures in recent Australian history, but never held public office or joined a political party. ... RSL National HQ, on Constitution Ave, Canberra, nearest the Australian Defence Force Russell Offices HQ The Returned and Services League of Australia (often abbreviated to RSL) is a support organisation for men and women who have served or are serving in the Australian Defence Force. ...

Second World War 1939-1945

During the first years of World War II Australia's military strategy was closely aligned with that of Britain. In line with this, Australia's war effort was concentrated in the Middle East and Mediterranean Sea. Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force units saw action in North Africa, Greece, Crete and Lebanon and ships of the Royal Australian Navy formed a significant component of the British Mediterranean Fleet. Image File history File links The explosion of an oil storage tank and clouds of smoke from other tanks, hit during the first Japanese air raid on Australias mainland, at Darwin on February 19, 1942. ... Image File history File links The explosion of an oil storage tank and clouds of smoke from other tanks, hit during the first Japanese air raid on Australias mainland, at Darwin on February 19, 1942. ... Australia entered World War II shortly after the invasion of Poland. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... The Mediterranean Fleet was part of the Royal Navy. ...

As a result of this emphasis on cooperation with Britain, relatively few Australian military units were retained in Australia and the Asia-Pacific Region. Following the Japanese attacks on South East Asia in late 1941, Australia was attacked itself during the Air raids on Darwin, February 19, 1942. Australian troops were sent home from the Middle East to defend the country from the Japanese. While the Japanese had formulated plans for an invasion of Australia, however, they never actually intended to do so. Australian forces in New Guinea fought the Japanese along the Kokoda Track. During the Borneo campaign the Australian I Corps, under General Leslie Morshead, attacked Japanese forces occupying the island. During the war in the Pacific, Australia and the United States fought many campaigns together against the Japanese Empire. Combatants Australia; United States Japan Commanders David V. J. Blake Chuichi Nagumo Strength 30 planes 242 planes Casualties At least 243 killed; (possibly 1,100 dead in total) 23 planes destroyed 10 ships sunk 1 killed ? missing; 6 POW Four planes destroyed in Australian airspace; ? failed to return. ... Combatants Australia Japan Commanders Douglas MacArthur Thomas Blamey Sydney Rowell Edmund Herring Arthur Tubby Allen George Vasey Selwyn Porter Arnold Potts Hisaichi Terauchi Yosuke Yokoyama Tomitaro Horii Strength 2,000 plus reinforcements 10,000 plus reinforcements Casualties 725 killed 1,055 wounded Hundreds sick with disease 6,500 killed including... The Borneo campaign of 1945 was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area, during World War II. In a series of amphibious assaults between May 1 and July 21, the Australian I Corps, under General Leslie Morshead, attacked Japanese forces occupying the island. ... His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Akihito of Japan The Emperor of Japan (天皇, tennō) is Japans titular head of state and the head of the Japanese imperial family. ...

Campaigns

Jungle Trail by Franklin Boggs. ... Jungle Trail by Franklin Boggs. ... Combatants Greece United Kingdom New Zealand Australia Germany Italy Commanders Bernard Freyberg Kurt Student Strength United Kingdom: 15,000 Greece: 11,000 Australia: 7,100 New Zealand: 6,700 Total: 40,000 (10,000 without fighting capability. ... Combatants Allied Nations Axis Powers The Naval Battle of the Mediterranean was waged during World War II, to attack and keep open the respective supply lines of Allied and Axis armies, and to destroy the opposing sides ability to wage war at sea. ... Combatants Western Desert Force Italian Tenth Army Commanders Richard OConnor Rodolfo Graziani Pietro Maletti â€ Strength 50,000 soldiers 120 guns 275 tanks 100,000 soldiers 1,600 guns 600 light tanks Casualties 494 dead 1,225 wounded 3,000 dead 115,000 captured 400 tanks 1,292 guns Operation... Siege of Tobruk Conflict World War II, Western Desert Campaign Date March 31, 1941 – November 27, 1941 Place Tobruk, Libya Result Allied victory The Siege of Tobruk was a lengthy confrontation between Axis and Allied forces in the North African Campaign of World War II. See also Afrika Korps... For the Battle of Alam Halfa, which is also often termed the Second Battle of El Alamein, see Battle of Alam Halfa Combatants British Eighth Army Panzer Army Africa Commanders Bernard Montgomery Erwin Rommel Strength 220,000 men 1,100 tanks[1] 116,000 men[1] 559 tanks(220 panzers... Combatants Malaya Command: Indian III Corps Australian 8th Div. ... The Battle of Rabaul, around the main town of Rabaul on the island of New Britain, in early February 1942, represented a strategically-significant defeat of Allied forces by Japan, in the Pacific campaign of World War II. Following the capture of Rabaul, Japanese forces turned it into a major... Combatants Australia Japan Commanders Douglas MacArthur Thomas Blamey Sydney Rowell Edmund Herring Arthur Tubby Allen George Vasey Selwyn Porter Arnold Potts Hisaichi Terauchi Yosuke Yokoyama Tomitaro Horii Strength 2,000 plus reinforcements 10,000 plus reinforcements Casualties 725 killed 1,055 wounded Hundreds sick with disease 6,500 killed including... Combatants Australia, United States (engineering support and minor combat) Japan Commanders Cyril Clowes Shojiro Hayashi, Minoru Yano Strength 9,000 (half non-combat personnel) 2400 Casualties less than 200 dead 600 dead The Battle of Milne Bay was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Japanese marines... Combatants Australia; United States Japan Commanders David V. J. Blake Chuichi Nagumo Strength 30 planes 242 planes Casualties At least 243 killed; (possibly 1,100 dead in total) 23 planes destroyed 10 ships sunk 1 killed ? missing; 6 POW Four planes destroyed in Australian airspace; ? failed to return. ... From February 1942 to November 1943, during the Pacific War, the Australian mainland and offshore islands were attacked at least 97 times by aircraft from the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force. ... Combatants United States Navy Royal Australian Navy Imperial Japanese Navy Commanders Frank J. Fletcher John G. Crace Shigeyoshi Inoue Takeo Takagi Strength 2 large carriers, 3 cruisers 2 large carriers, 1 light carrier, 4 cruisers Casualties 1 fleet carrier, 1 destroyer, 1 oil tanker sunk 543 killed 1 light carrier... Combatants United States, Australia Empire of Japan Commanders George C. Kenney Masatomi Kimura Strength 39 heavy bombers; 41 medium bombers; 34 light bombers; 54 fighters 8 destroyers, 8 troop transports, 100 aircraft Casualties 2 bombers, 3 fighters destroyed 8 transports, 4 destroyers sunk 20 fighters destroyed, 5,000 troops killed... The Borneo campaign of 1945 was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area, during World War II. In a series of amphibious assaults between May 1 and July 21, the Australian I Corps, under General Leslie Morshead, attacked Japanese forces occupying the island. ...

Korean War 1950-1953

On June 25, 1950, a North Korean army crossed into South Korea and advanced for the capital Seoul, which fell in less than a week. North Korea's forces continued toward the port of Pusan, a strategic goal. In two days, the United States offered assistance and the United Nations Security Council asked its members to help repel the North Korean attack. Australia contributed No. 77 Squadron RAAF and the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR), both of which were stationed in Japan under the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF). In addition to combat personnel, the Australian military provided the majority of supply and support personnel to BCOF, which was superseded in 1952 by British Commonwealth Forces Korea. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Seoul is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ... Pūsan is also a Vedic Hindu god. ... â€œUNSCâ€ redirects here. ... No. ... Soldiers from 3 RAR during an exercise in 2004. ... The 2nd Battalion, 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles marching through Kure soon after their arrival in Japan. ... British Commonwealth Forces Korea (BCFK) was the formal name, from 1952, of the Commonwealth army, naval and air units serving with the United Nations in the Korean War. ...

By the time 3 RAR arrived in Pusan on September 28, the North Korean army was in retreat. As a part of the invasion force under the UN Supreme Commander, General Douglas MacArthur, 3 RAR moved north and was involved in its first major action near Pyongyang. September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 - April 5, 1964), was an American general who played a prominent role in the Pacific theater of World War II. He was poised to command the invasion of Japan in November 1945 but was instead instructed to accept their surrender on September 2, 1945. ... Not to be confused with PyeongChang. ...

After the Chinese government moved 18 divisions into North Korea, the UN forces were defeated in successive battles and they retreated to the 38th parallel. However, Australian troops participated in two major battles in 1951. The first was the Battle of Kapyong: on April 22, Chinese forces attacked the Kapyong Valley and forced South Korean and New Zealand troops to retreat. Australian and Canadian troops were ordered to halt this Chinese advance. After a night of fighting, the Australians recaptured their positions, at the cost of 32 men killed and 53 wounded. For this contribution of stalling the Chinese advance, 3 RAR received a United States Distinguished Unit Citation. The 38th parallel north is a line of latitude that cuts across Asia, the Mediterranean and the United States. ... Combatants United Nations Australia Canada China Casualties 43 killed 87 Wounded 3 Captured 1,000+ Killed The Battle of Kapyong was waged during the Korean War. ... Gapyeong County is a county in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. ... Please see Presidential Unit Citation for other versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and allies for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy on or after 7 December 1941 (the date of the Attack on...

The second major battle they fought in was Operation Commando. It was an attack on a Chinese salient in a bend of the Imjin River. Objectives of the 1st Commonwealth Division, including the Australians, included Hill 355 and Hill 317. The attack commenced on October 3, and after five days the Chinese retreated. Casualties include 20 dead and 89 wounded for the Australians. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Military history notes two uses of the name Operation Commando: 1. ... In military terms, a salient is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory. ... U.S. Army Corps of Engineers establish a floating bridge across the Imjin River. ... The 1st Commonwealth Division was a multinational unit that took part in the Korean War, as part of British Commonwealth Forces Korea. ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

After 1951, both sides were in a type of combat comparable to the Western Front in World War I in which men lived in tunnels, redoubts, and sandbagged forts behind barbed wire defenses. From 1951 to the end of the war, 3 RAR held trenches on the eastern side of the Commonwealth Division's positions in the hills northeast of the Imjin River. Across from them were heavily fortified Chinese positions. Australia decided to increase its commitment by sending 1 RAR as well. This battalion remained in Australia for 12 months, leaving in March 1953, being replaced by 2 RAR in April. Western Front was a term used during the First and Second World Wars to describe the contested armed frontier between lands controlled by Germany to the East and the Allies to the West. ... â€œThe Great Warâ€ redirects here. ... An underground pedestrian tunnel between buildings at MIT. Note the utility pipes running along the ceiling. ... A redoubt is a fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort. ... Building a sandbag dike along the Skagit River in anticipation of a flood, October 2003. ... Soldiers from 1 RAR arive in the Solomon Islands in December 2004 Members of 1RAR undergoing a training exercise. ... 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR) is an Australian light infantry battalion. ...

The UN and North Korea agreed to suspend hostilities on July 27, 1953. All in all, Australian casualties numbered more than 1,500, of whom 339 were killed. July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Malayan Emergency 1950-1960

The Malayan Emergency was declared, on June 18, 1948, after three estate managers were murdered by the MCP (Malayan Communist Party). Australian involvement in the emergency began in 1950, with the arrival of RAAF 1 and 38 Squadrons to Singapore. Dakotas from 38 Squadron carried out cargo runs, troop movement, and paratrooper and leaflet drops, whilst Lincoln bombers of 1 Squadron carried out bombing raids. The RAAF in Malaysia were particularly successful, using 5 Lincoln bombers, in Operation Termite, a joint operation with the RAF and ground troops. Operation Termite destroyed 181 communist camps, killed 13 communists and forced 1 into surrender. The Malayan Emergency was an insurrection and guerrilla war of the Malay Races Liberation Army against the British and Malayan administration from 1948-1960 in what is now Malaysia. ... June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

In January, 1956, the first Australian ground forces were deployed on Malaysian peninsula, the 2nd Battalion Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR). 2 RAR mainly participated in "mopping up" over the next 20 months, as part of 28 Commonwealth Brigade. 2 RAR left Malaysia October 1957 to be replaced by 3 RAR. 3 RAR underwent 6 weeks of jungle training and began driving MCP insurgents back into the jungle of Perak and Kedah. By late 1959, operations against the MCP were in their final phase, and most communists had been pushed back and across the Thai border. 3 RAR left Malaysia October 1959 to be replaced by 1 RAR. Though patrolling the border 1 RAR did not make contact with the insurgents, and in October 1960 were replaced by 2 RAR, who stayed in Malaysia until August 1963. The Malayan Emergency was officially over by 31 July 1960. Australia also provided artillery and engineer support, along with an air-field construction squadron. The Royal Australian Navy also served in Malayan waters, firing on suspected communist positions between 1956 and 1957. By the end of the Malayan Emergency, Australian forces had suffered 66 casualties, 39 of which were fatal. The Emergency was the longest continued military commitment in Australian military history. 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Growth during the 1960s

At the start of the 1960s Prime Minister Robert Menzies greatly expanded the Australian military so that it could carry out the Government's policy of 'forward defence' in South East Asia. In 1964, Menzies announced a massive increase in Australia's defence spending. The strength of the Army would be increased by 50% over 3 years from 22,000 to 33,000 providing a full three brigade division with 9 battalions. At this time, both the RAAF and the RAN would be increased by 25%. In 1964, National Service was introduced, under the National Service Act (1964), for selected 20 year olds based on date of birth, to have two years’ continuous full-time service.^[2] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x1728, 1896 KB) HMAS Onslow, permanently preserved at the Australian National Maritime Museum, photographed by DONeil. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x1728, 1896 KB) HMAS Onslow, permanently preserved at the Australian National Maritime Museum, photographed by DONeil. ... HMAS Onslow and HMAS Vampire at the Australian National Maritime Museum Admiralty Pattern anchors from training ship NSS Vernon (1839) modified for mooring, now Merchant Navy memorial Exhibits in the Tasman Light gallery include a Fresnel lens from a lighthouse on Tasman Island, southern Tasmania, and a Royal Australian Navy... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, KT, AK, CH, FRS, QC (20 December 1894 â€“ 14 May 1978), Australian politician, was the twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia, serving eighteen and a half years. ... The Australian Army is Australias military land force. ... The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... The National Service Act (1964), was an Australian federal law,passed on 24 November 1964, required 20-year-old males to serve in the Army for a period of twenty-four months of continuous service (reduced to eighteen months in 1971) followed by three years in the Reserve. ...

Naval growth

In 1961, three Charles F. Adams class destroyers were purchased from the United States to replace the aging Q class destroyers. Traditionally, the RAN up to then had purchased designs based on those of the Royal Navy, the purchase of American destroyers was one of the first signs that Australia was becoming less dependant on England. The HMAS Perth and Hobart joined the fleet in 1965 followed by the Brisbane in 1967. Other ship projects of the time included; the purchase of 6 River class frigates, the conversion of the Melbourne to an anti submarine role, the purchase of 10 Wessex helicopter and the purchase of 6 Oberon class submarines. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2474x1458, 1238 KB) Summary Sourced from: http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2474x1458, 1238 KB) Summary Sourced from: http://www. ... The class of guided missile destroyers was a group of twenty-nine built between 1958 and 1967. ... HMS Quality The Q and R class was a class of sixteen destroyer escorts of the Royal Navy launched in 1941–1942. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... Becoming can refer to: Becoming (song), song by band Pantera Becoming (television show), a television show produced by MTV and also seen on MuchMusic Becoming, Part One, an episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer Becoming, Part Two, an episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification - by Athelstan 967 Area... The second HMAS Perth (D-38/38) was a Perth class guided missile destroyer, laid down by Defoe Shipbuilding Company at Bay City, Michigan, USA on 21 September 1962, launched on 26 September 1963, and commissioned on 17 July 1965. ... HMAS Hobart (D-39) was a Perth class guided missile armed destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy. ... See HMAS Brisbane for other ships of this name. ... The River class was the name given to a class of six related Type 12 and Leander class frigates of the Royal Australian Navy. ... HMS Majestic (R77) was the lead ship of her class of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy. ... Museum exhibit Westland Wessex The Westland Wessex is a turbine-powered version of the Sikorsky S-58 Choctaw, developed under license by Westland Aircraft, initially for the Royal Navy, but later for the RAF. The Wessex was built at Westlands factory at Yeovil in Somerset. ... The Oberon-class was a thirteen-ship class of diesel-electric submarines of the Royal Navy, and were based on the successful Porpoise-class submarine. ...

Air Force growth

The RAAF took delivery of their first Mirage fighters in 1967, both 3 and 75 Squadrons were equipped with them. The RAAF would also receive American F-111 strike aircraft, C-130 Hercules transports, Orion maritime reconnaissance aircraft and Italian Macchi trainers. The Dassault Mirage III is a supersonic fighter aircraft designed in France by Dassault Aviation during the 1950s, and manufactured both in France and a number of other countries. ... No. ... Two F/A-18 Hornets and ground crew from No. ... The General Dynamics F-111 is a medium-range strategic bomber, reconnaissance, and tactical strike aircraft designed in the 1960s. ... The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop cargo aircraft and the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. ... The Lockheed P-3 Orion is a maritime patrol aircraft of the United States military used primarily for maritime patrol, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare. ... RAAF Aermacchi A7-041. ...

Indonesian Confrontation 1964-1966

In 1961, the island of Borneo was divided into four different states, including Indonesia and Malaysia (mostly because of the backing of the UK). This angered Indonesian President Sukarno as he thought that this would increase British control in the region and in 1963, Indonesia announced that they would pursue a policy of Konfrontasi (confrontation) with Malaysia. After two years of Indonesian confrontation in Borneo, through many British and Malaysian requests, Australia deployed a battalion in Borneo in January 1965. Most Australian troops were stationed in Sarawak. The main situation of the British battalion and Malaysian troops was to control the Malaysian/Indonesian border to protect the centres of population from enemy attacks. But, by the time Australia had been deployed, the British agreed to take more aggressive action, crossing borders to obtain information and forcing Indonesia to remain on the defensive on their side of the border. The situation was resolved from a military coup in 1966 bringing General Suharto into power, who had little interest in obtaining Borneo. Throughout the military intervention, 23 Australians were killed and eight were wounded. Borneo is the third largest island in the world. ...

Vietnam War 1962-1972

Australia, as well as the United States, supported South Vietnam throughout the early 1960s. In 1961 and 1962, the leader of the South Vietnamese government, Ngo Dinh Diem asked for assistance from the US and its allies to improve security. Australia offered 30 military advisors, sent as the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam which was often known simply as "The Team". They arrived in July and August 1962, which started Australia's involvement in the war. In August 1964, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) sent a flight of Caribou transport planes to Vung Tau, a port town. Image File history File linksMetadata 7_RAR_Vietnam_(AWM_EKN-67-0130-VN). ... Image File history File linksMetadata 7_RAR_Vietnam_(AWM_EKN-67-0130-VN). ... The 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (7 RAR) was a regular infantry battalion of the Australian Army. ... Images on the back wall of the Vietnam Forces National Memorial, Canberra The Vietnam War was a conflict in which the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV, or North Vietnam) and its allies fought against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam) and its allies. ... Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area - Total - % water 173,809 kmÂ² N/A Population - Total - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... Â«ngoh dihn zih-ehmÂ» (January 3, 1901 â€“ November 2, 1963) was the first President of South Vietnam (1955â€“1963). ... The Australian Army Training Team Vietnam was a specialist unit of the Australian Army that operated during the Vietnam War. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... The RAAF Roundel is based on that of the British Royal Air Force, with the central circle replaced by a Kangaroo, a symbol of Australia. ... The de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou (known in the US military as the C-7 Caribou) was designed as a specialized transport for STOL (short takeoff and landing). ... Vung Tau is a city in Vietnam. ...

In early 1965, the US increased involvement in the war with 200,000 troops, and Australia dispatched the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) to serve with the US 173rd Airborne Brigade in Bien Hoa province in June 1965. Soldiers from 1 RAR arive in the Solomon Islands in December 2004 Members of 1RAR undergoing a training exercise. ... Shoulder sleeve patch of the 173rd Airborne Brigrade. ... Bien Hoa is a city in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam, about 20 miles (30 kilometers) east of Ho Chi Minh City, to which Bien Hoa is linked by Vietnam Highway 1. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

In March 1966, the government announced that they were sending a brigade-sized unit, the 1st Australian Task Force, to replace 1 RAR, initially with two battalions and support services, to be based at Nui Dat, in Phouc Tuy province. 1 ATF included the Iroquois helicopters of No. 9 Squadron RAAF. The task force was assigned primary responsibility for its own area and included conscripts who had been raised into an army under the National Service Scheme, passed in 1964. At the Battle of Long Tan, on August 18-19, 1966, D Company, 6 RAR and other units held off a Viet Cong force that was at least six times bigger. 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... In military science a brigade is a military unit that is part of a division and includes regiments (where that level exists), or (in modern armies) is composed of several battalions (typically two to four) and directly attached supporting units. ... The 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) commanded the Australian and New Zealand Army units deployed to South Vietnam between 1966 and 1971. ... The Bell Helicopter Textron UH-1 Iroquois, commonly (or officially in the United States Marine Corps) known as the Huey, is a multipurpose military helicopter, famous for its use in the Vietnam War. ... A No. ... Conscription in Australia, or mandatory military service also known as National Service, has a controversial history dating back to the first years of nationhood. ... Combatants Australia New Zealand United States North Vietnam Commanders Maj Harry Smith Nguyen Thanh Hong Strength 108 (not including supporting personnel/reinforcements) 2,500 (Disputed) Casualties 18 dead 24 wounded At least 245 dead 750 wounded (Captured documents and prisoner interrogations suggest there were 500-800 dead and around 1... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (6 RAR) is part of the Australian Army. ...

At the height of Australian commitment, the taskforce numbered 8,500 troops. A third RAAF unit, No. 2 Squadron, flying Canberra bombers, was sent in 1967, and destroyers of the Royal Australian Navy joined US patrols in the waters off North Vietnam. A total of more than 50,000 Australian troops participated in the Vietnam War. The 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) commanded the Australian and New Zealand Army units deployed to South Vietnam between 1966 and 1971. ... A Wedgetail from No. ... The English Electric Canberra was a first-generation jet bomber manufactured in large numbers through the 1950s. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Viá»‡t Nam DÃ¢n Chá»§ Cá»™ng HÃ²a), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...

Creation of the Australian Defence Force

In 1973, the Labor Government amalgamated the five defence ministries (Defence, Navy, Army, Air Force and Supply) into a single Department of Defence. On January 1, 1976 the three branches of the Australian Military were brought together for the first time as the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The ADF is headquartered at Russell Offices in Canberra and is divided into Air, Land, Martime and Special Operations Commands. In addition, Northern Command, headquartered in Darwin, is responsible for operations in Northern Australia. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Department of Defence is an Australian government department. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... The Australian Defence Force numbers about 53,000 full-time active duty personnel plus another 20,700 reservists. ... Russell Offices, together with Campbell Park Offices, is the headquaters of the Australian Defence Force. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... The Australian Northern Command is an operational joint Australian Defence Force headquarters. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The term northern Australia is generally considered to include the Australian states and territories of Queensland and the Northern Territory. ...

Gulf War

Australia was a member of the international coalition which contributed military forces to the 1991 Gulf War, with Australia deploying a naval task group of two warships and a support ship during the war. While the Australian force did not see combat, it did play a significant role in enforcing the sanctions put in place against Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Image File history File links HMAS_Sydney_1991. ... Image File history File links HMAS_Sydney_1991. ... The fourth HMAS Sydney (FFG 03) is an Adelaide class frigate laid down on 21 August 1980, launched 26 September 1980 and commissioned 29 January 1983. ... HMAS Sydney in the Persian Gulf in 1991. ... Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf, Michel Roquejeoffre , Peter de la BilliÃ¨re, Khalid bin Sultan, Saleh Al-Muhaya, Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Saddam Hussein Strength 883,863 360,000 Casualties 378 dead, 1,000 wounded see section below The Gulf War or the Persian Gulf War (2...

Global War on Terror

The Australian Defence Force's most visible contribution to the international coalition against terrorism has been a special forces task group operating in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2002 and again from mid-2005. Australia has also contributed a frigate and two AP-3 Orion aircraft to international operations in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean since 2001. A detachment of F/A-18 Hornet fighters was based at Diego Garcia from late 2001 to mid 2002. Operation Slipper is the Australian Defence Force (ADF)contribution to the International Coalition against Terrorism. ... The Lockheed P-3 Orion is a maritime patrol aircraft of the United States military used primarily for maritime patrol, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare. ... The Boeing (formerly McDonnell Douglas) F/A-18 Hornet is a modern all-weather carrier-capable strike fighter jet, designed to attack both ground and aerial targets. ... Diego Garcia () is an atoll located in the heart of the Indian Ocean, some 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres) south of Indias southern coast. ...

Iraq

The Australian Special Forces task force sent to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq is said to have been one of the first components of the coalition forces to cross the border into Iraq. For a few days, the closest ground troops to Baghdad were from the Australian Special Air Service Regiment. The Royal Australian Navy deployed three ships and the Royal Australian Air Force deployed 14 F/A-18 Hornet jets and other aircraft. Image File history File linksMetadata SASR_Iraq. ... Image File history File linksMetadata SASR_Iraq. ... An Australian SAS patrol in western Iraq. ... Combatants Coalition Forces: United States United Kingdom South Korea Australia Poland Romania others. ... The Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) is a Special Forces regiment modelled on the original British SAS and also drawing on the traditions of the Australian World War II Z Special Force commando unit, as well as the Independent Companies which were active in the South Pacific during the same... The Boeing (formerly McDonnell Douglas) F/A-18 Hornet is a modern all-weather carrier-capable strike fighter jet, designed to attack both ground and aerial targets. ...

While Australia did not initially take part in the post-war occupation of Iraq, an Australian Army battlegroup (designated the Al Muthanna Task Group) was deployed to southern Iraq in April 2005. The role of this force was to protect the Japanese engineer contingent in the region and support the training of New Iraqi Army units. There were about 1,400 Australian military servicemen and women serving in the Middle East as of March 2006. This article deals with the post-invasion period in Iraq and its occupation. ... The battlegroup is the basic building block of an armys fighting formation. ... Australian soldiers supported by an ASLAV-25 patrol along a railway line near Camp Smitty during routine foot patrols in Al Muthanna Province. ... The Iraqi Army is a component of the Iraqi Security Forces tasked with assuming responsibility for all Iraqi land-based military operations following the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. ...

Peacekeeping

Australia has had peacekeepers in the field with the United Nations continuously for over 50 years. In Indonesia in 1947, Australians were part of the very first group of UN military observers anywhere in the world, and were, in fact, the first into the field.

1. Lieutenant General Robert Nimmo was Chief Military Observer in Kashmir with the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, from 1950 to 1966

2. Lieutenant General John Sanderson was Force Commander with the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia, 1992 to 1993

3. Brigadier David Ferguson was Force Commander with the Multinational Force and Observers (in the Sinai) from 1994 to 1997

5. Major General Timothy Ford was Chief of Staff with the UN Truce Supervision Organisation from 1998 to 2000

6. Major General Peter Cosgrove commanded the International Force for East Timor (Interfet) from 1999 to 2000.

Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Map of the Korean DMZ. The DMZ is given in red. ... This article or section should be merged with Papua (Indonesian province) Map showing West New Guinea region The region of West New Guinea is the western half of the island of New Guinea or Papua, and has also been known as Irian Jaya or West Papua. ... Border has several different, but related meanings: Generic borders A border can consist of a margin around the edge of something, such as a lawn, garden, photograph, or sheet of paper. ... The Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) is an international peacekeeping force. ... UNDOF zone map The United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) Zone was established by the United Nations after the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 350 [1] on the same day the Agreement on Disengagement (S/11302/Add. ... UNBRO was the acronym for the United Nations Border Relief Operation, a donor-nation funded relief effort for Cambodians and others affected by years of warfare along the Thai-Cambodian border from 1979 until the 1990s. ... Motto: None Anthem: Ey ReqÃ®b (English: Hey Guardian) Capital Arbil Largest city Erbil Official languages Kurdish, Arabic, (Assyrian (Syriac)) and (Iraqi Turkmen) [1] Government Parliamentary Democracy - President Masoud Barzani - Prime Minister Nechervan Idris Barzani - Deputy Prime Minister Omer Fattah Hussain Formation of Autonomous Region - Autonomy Accord Agreement is Signed... Pocket badge of the UNPROFOR. The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), was the first UN peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav wars. ... Location of North Solomons (Bougainville) Province in Papua New Guinea The island and province Bougainville is part of Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Solomon Islands group. ... Members of the Dutch, French, German and U.S. military watch as an Italian honour guard hoists the new Stabilisation Force flag during the Stabilisation Force (SFOR) activation ceremony in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the 20 of December 1996 Pocket badge of the SFOR The Stabilisation Force (SFOR) was... For uses of the name Kosova, see Kosova (disambiguation). ... The United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) was originally formed to monitor a ceasefire in the border war that began in 1998 between Ethiopia and Eritrea. ...

Contents

Early Colonial warfare

The "Black War"

The "Battle of Pinjarra"

The New Zealand Wars 1861-1864

Taranaki War

Invasion of the Waikato

Sudan March-June 1885

Boer War 1899-1902

Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901

Creation of the Royal Australian Navy

First World War 1914-1918

Campaigns

Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

Second World War 1939-1945

Campaigns

Korean War 1950-1953

Malayan Emergency 1950-1960

Growth during the 1960s

Naval growth

Air Force growth

Indonesian Confrontation 1964-1966

Vietnam War 1962-1972

Creation of the Australian Defence Force

Gulf War

Global War on Terror

Iraq

Peacekeeping

See also

Notes

References

External links

Contents

Early Colonial warfare GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

The "Black War"

The "Battle of Pinjarra"

The New Zealand Wars 1861-1864

Taranaki War

Invasion of the Waikato

Sudan March-June 1885

Boer War 1899-1902

Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901

Creation of the Royal Australian Navy

First World War 1914-1918

Campaigns

Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

Second World War 1939-1945

Campaigns

Korean War 1950-1953

Malayan Emergency 1950-1960

Growth during the 1960s

Naval growth

Air Force growth

Indonesian Confrontation 1964-1966

Vietnam War 1962-1972

Creation of the Australian Defence Force

Gulf War

Global War on Terror

Iraq

Peacekeeping

See also

Notes

References

External links

Early Colonial warfare