A strawberry milkshake topped with whipped cream and strawberry syrup

A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is made from milk, ice cream or iced milk, and sweet flavorings such as fruit syrup, vanilla extract, chocolate sauce in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the rest of the English-speaking world, excluding some regions of the United States. Milkshakes are usually served in a tall glass with a straw, and whipped cream may be added as a topping. Three popular milkshake flavors are vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry. In the UK this is banana, chocolate and strawberry. Milkshake may refer to: Milkshake, a beverage typically made with blended milk and ice cream Milkshake (song), a 2004 single by Kelis Milkshake (band), a pair of musicians who perform childrens songs Milkshakes, a cat on the animated television series, The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy Milkshake!, children... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1995x3056, 2025 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Milkshake User talk:Atomic-Super-Suit/Archive 2 User talk:SUIT/All Archives Metadata This file contains additional... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1995x3056, 2025 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Milkshake User talk:Atomic-Super-Suit/Archive 2 User talk:SUIT/All Archives Metadata This file contains additional... A glass of cows milk. ... Missing image Ice cream is often served on a stick Boxes of ice cream are often found in stores in a display freezer. ... Ice milk is a frozen dessert with less than 10% milk fat and the same sweetener content as ice cream. ... For other uses, see Vanilla (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Chocolate (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Strawberry (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Chocolate (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Strawberry (disambiguation). ...

Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake "by hand" from scoops of actual ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup. Most fast food outlets do not use actual ice cream (one exception being Jack in the Box), but manufacture their shakes in milkshake machines which freeze and serve a premade milkshake mixture consisting of a flavoring agent and thickening agent. Throughout the United States, especially in fast food and casual dining restaurants, a milkshake may be referred to as a shake. Soda fountain is a North American term referring to the carbonated drink dispensers found in fast food restaurants and convenience stores in the US and Canada. ... An electric blender. ... The 630 foot (192 m) high, stainless-clad (type 304) Gateway Arch defines St. ... A jack-in-the-box is a childrens toy that outwardly consists of a box with a crank. ... Fast food is food prepared and served quickly at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. ... A casual dining restaurant is a restaurant that serves moderately-priced food in a casual atmosphere. ...

Types

Hand-blended

Hand-blended milkshakes can be made from any flavor of ice cream, and additional flavorings, such as chocolate syrup and malt, can be added prior to mixing. This allows a greater variety than is available in machine-made shakes. Several decades ago, milkshakes were made without ice cream,^[1] a practice which is still continued in some parts of the UK, Australia and New England.

Milkshake-like recipes which use yogurt, crushed ice, and fresh fruit and which are made without ice cream are usually called smoothies. When malted milk is added, a milkshake is called a malted milkshake, or simply a malt. They are also called thick milkshakes in the United Kingdom, a frappe (pronounced "f - rap") in parts of New England and Canada, and a cabinet in Rhode Island.^[2] In Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts, coffee syrup or coffee flavored ice cream is used to make the local "coffee frappe" or "coffee cabinet" shake. Milkshakes with added fruit called batido are popular in Latin America and in Miami's Cuban expatriate community.^[3] In Nicaragua, milkshakes are called leche malteada.^[4] Blueberry Smoothie from Lollicup A smoothie is a blended, chilled, sweet beverage made from fresh fruit and fruit juices which is blended with crushed ice, frozen fruit, or frozen yogurt. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Some US restaurants serve milkshakes with broken cookies, candy bar pieces, or alcoholic beverages. The grasshopper milkshake, which includes broken chocolate cookies, creme de menthe liqueur, and chocolate mint ice cream, includes these ingredients. BLT Burger in New York sells a Twinkie Boy shake made with a Hostess Twinkie, vanilla ice cream and caramel syrup. The BLT restaurant serves spiked shakes, which contain liquor such as whiskey or Kahlua. The Purple Cow restaurant also serves milkshakes with alcohol, and shakes such as the "Peanut Butter and Jelly milkshake." Baskin-Robbins sells milkshakes that contain chunks of candy bars or small pieces of candy, such as its Reese's Peanut Butter Cup Shake and the Heath Bar Crunch Shake.^[5] Twinkies A Twinkie is a Golden Sponge Cake with a Creamy Filling created by Hostess, and baked by Continental Baking Co. ... Kahlúa is a famous coffee liqueur. ... External links Baskin-Robbins official site. ... Reeses Peanut Butter Cups are peanut butter-filled chocolate cups. ... A typical Heath Bar wrapper The Heath Bar is an American candy bar made of English-style toffee. ...

The UK chain Shakeaway offers over 100 different ingredients which can be added to milk and ice cream-based milkshakes, including oreos, strawberry trifle, peanut butter, and Tic tacs. Shakeaway is a small chain of currently ten Milkshake bars in the South of England. ... Oreo is a type of cookie manufactured by Nabisco Corporation, introduced in 1912. ... Trifle A trifle is a British dessert dish made from thick (or often solidified) custard, fruit, sponge cake, fruit juice or, more recently, jelly (American term: gelatin) and whipped cream, usually arranged in layers with fruit and sponge on the bottom, custard and cream on top. ... Peanut butter in a jar. ... A couple of boxes of Australian Peppermint-flavored Tic Tacs Polypropylene lid of a Tic Tacs box, with a living hinge and the resin identification code under its flap Two US Cinnamon flavored Tic Tacs on a Tic Tac box This article describes a brand of mints. ...

Fast-food and pre-made

Fast-food shakes are made using one of two methods: automatic milkshake machines and soft serve ice cream mixed with flavored syrups.

Milkshake machines

Restaurants with the highest volume of traffic, such as McDonalds, often opt to use pre-made milkshake mixtures that are prepared in automatic milkshake machines. These machines are stainless steel cylinders with beaters that use refrigeration coils to freeze pre-made milkshake mixtures into a drinkable texture. The number of different flavors that a restaurants with automatic milkshake machines can serve is limited by the number of different tanks in their milkshake machines, and fast food restaurants usually offer fewer flavors of milkshakes.

The smallest automatic milkshake machines are counter-mounted appliances that can make a single milkshake flavor using a five liter stainless steel tank. Large restaurants wanting to offer multiple flavors can either use floor-mounted multi-flavor machines with multiple five liter stainless steel barrels or use carbon dioxide-based machines that mix the flavors during dispensing. Some fast-food restaurants use "thick milkshake" machines, which are single-flavor machines with a (12 liter) stainless steel tank.

Soft serve mixed with syrup

Some fast-food restaurants such as Dairy Queen serve milkshakes which are prepared by blending soft-serve ice cream (or ice milk) with sweetened, flavored syrups such as chocolate syrup and fruit-flavored syrup and milk. While these milkshakes are hand-blended, the use of soft-serve ice cream marks these beverages as fast-food products. Soft serve ice cream is a frozen dessert that is dispensed from a machine. It was invented by a chemical research team in Britain that discovered a method of doubling the amount of air in ice cream, allowing manufacturers to use a lesser quantity of ingredients, reducing costs. Dairy Queen, abbreviated to DQ, is a global chain of ice-cream and fast-food restaurants. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ice milk is a frozen dessert with less than 10% milk fat and the same sweetener content as ice cream. ...

Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... For other uses, see FAT. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. ... Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. ... For discussion how dietary fats affect cardiovascular health, see Diet and heart disease. ... // In nutrition, polyunsaturated fat is an abbreviation of polyunsaturated fatty acid. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ... Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin required to sustain life (essential nutrient). ... For other uses, see Calcium (disambiguation). ... Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group. ...

Pre-made products

Pre-made milkshakes are sold in grocery stores in North America and the UK. These drinks are made from milk mixed with sweetened flavored powder or concentrate, which is usually called "flavored milk", which is thickened with carrageenen or other products. Common brands include Nesquik, Crusha and Dinkum^[6] for the mobile vendor market in the UK. Bottled milkshakes are usually sold in 330ml, 500ml or 1 litre bottles. Milk Chug, Gulp!, FRijj, Yazoo, Big M, and Mars are well known brands of bottled milkshake. Ben & Jerry's has taken three ice cream flavors — Cherry Garcia, Chunky Monkey and Chocolate Fudge Brownie and used them to make bottled shakes. This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Nestlé Nesquik logo Nesquiks mascot, the Nesquik Bunny a. ... Crusha is a well known brand of milkshake mix sold in the United Kingdom. ... Frijj is a brand of milkshake sold mainly in the United Kingdom. ... Yazoo is a bottled flavoured milk, or milkshake, produced by Campina and is sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland. ... Mars, Incorporated is a world-wide manufacturer of confectionery, pet food and other food products with US$21 billion in annual sales in 2006. ... Ben & Jerrys is a brand of ice cream, frozen yogurt, sorbet, and ice cream novelty products, manufactured by Ben & Jerrys Homemade Holdings, Inc. ...

Utah shakes

In Utah, some diners such as Arctic Circle Restaurants sell milkshakes that are made from ice cream, without adding milk. The ice cream is whipped and served in a tall cup with a spoon, often filled above the rim. This article is about the U.S. state. ... Arctic Circle Restaurants is a chain of burger and shake restaurants based in Midvale, Utah. ...

History

A chocolate Milkshake

Image File history File linksMetadata Milkshake. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Milkshake. ... For other uses, see Chocolate (disambiguation). ...

1880s-1930s

When the term "milkshake" was first used in print in 1885, milkshakes were an alcoholic whiskey drink^[7] that has been described as a "sturdy, healthful eggnog type of drink, with eggs, whiskey, etc., served as a tonic as well as a treat".^[8] However, by 1900, the term referred to "wholesome drinks made with chocolate, strawberry, or vanilla syrups." By the "early 1900s people were asking for the new treat, often with ice cream." By the 1930s, milkshakes were a popular drink at malt shops, which were the "typical soda fountain of the period... used by students as a meeting place or hangout."^[8] Year 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Soda fountain is a North American term referring to the carbonated drink dispensers found in fast food restaurants and convenience stores in the US and Canada. ...

The history of the electric blender, malted milk drinks and milkshakes are interconnected. Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like egg nog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings^[9]. Hamilton Beach's drink mixers began being used at soda fountains in 1911 and the electric blender or drink mixer was invented by Steven Poplawski in 1922. With the invention of the blender, milkshakes began to take their modern, whipped, aerated, and frothy form. Malted milk drinks are made with malted milk powder, which contains dried milk, malted barley and wheat flour. Malted milk powder was invented in 1897 by William Horlick as an easily digested restorative health drink for invalids and children, and as an infant's food. Eggnog (or egg nog) is a type of milk-based punch belonging to the posset family. ... An electric blender. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Malted barley Malting is a process applied to cereal grains, in which the grains are made to germinate and then are quickly dried before the plant develops. ... Look up invalid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A male Caucasian toddler child A child (plural: children) is a young human. ... “Baby” redirects here. ...

The use of malted milk powder in milkshakes was popularized in the USA by the Chicago drugstore chain Walgreens. Walgreens' employee Ivar "Pop" Coulson made a milkshake by adding two scoops of vanilla ice cream to the standard malted milk drink recipe (milk, chocolate syrup and malt powder).^[10] This item, under the name "Horlick's Malted Milk," was featured by the Walgreen drugstore chain as part of a chocolate milk shake, which itself became known as a "malted" or "malt" and became one of the most popular soda-fountain drinks.^[11] Walgreen Co. ...

The automation of milkshakes developed in the 1930s, after the invention of freon-cooled refrigerators provided a safe, reliable way of automatically making and dispensing ice cream. In 1936, inventor Earl Prince used the basic concept behind the freon-cooled automated ice cream machine to develop the Multimixer, a "five-spindled mixer that could produce five milkshakes at once, all automatically, and dispense them at the pull of a lever into awaiting paper cups." Freon is a trade name for a group of chlorofluorocarbons used primarily as a refrigerant. ...

In the late 1930s, several newspaper articles show that the term "frosted" was used to refer to milkshakes made with ice cream. In 1937, the Denton Journal in Maryland stated that "For a 'frosted' shake, add a dash of your favorite ice cream." In 1939, the Mansfield News in Ohio stated that "A frosted beverage, in the vernacular, is something good to which ice cream has been added. Example par excellence is frosted coffee—that hot, tasty beverage made chilly with ice and frosty with ice cream."^[12]

1940s and 1950s

By the 1950s, popular places to drink milkshakes were Woolworth's "5 & 10" lunch counters, diners, burger joints, and drugstore soda fountains. These establishments often had neon light signs, "checkerboard"-patterned linoleum floor tiles, chrome barstools, vinyl booths, formica counter-tops with coin-operated jukeboxes, a board of daily specials, a counter top donut display case, and prominently displayed behind the counter, a shining chrome or stainless steel milkshake mixing machine.^[13] For formerly affiliated and similarly named companies, see Woolworth (disambiguation). ... Look up diner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον = drug) is the profession of compounding and dispensing medication. ... Soda fountain is a North American term referring to the carbonated drink dispensers found in fast food restaurants and convenience stores in the US and Canada. ...

These establishments made milkshakes in Hamilton Beach or similar styles of drink mixers, which had spindles and agitators that folded air into the drinks for "smooth, fluffy results" and served them in 12 1/2-ounce tall, "y"-shaped glasses. Soda fountain staff had their own jargon, such as "Burn One All the Way" (chocolate malted with chocolate ice cream), "Twist It, Choke It, and Make It Cackle" (chocolate malted with an egg) "Shake One in the Hay" (a strawberry shake) and a "White Cow" (a vanilla milkshake).^[14] In the 1950s, a milkshake machine salesman named Ray Kroc bought exclusive rights to the 1930s-era Multimixer milkshake maker from inventor Earl Prince, and went on to use automated milkshake machines^[15] to speed up production in a major fast-food chain. Ray Kroc (October 5, 1902 - January 14, 1984) took over and franchised the then single-restaurant McDonalds Corporation from 1955. ...

In the 1950s, milkshakes were called "frappes", "velvets," "frosted [drinks]", or "cabinets" in different parts of the US. A specialty style of milkshake, the "concrete" was "...a milk shake so thick that the server hands it out the order window upside down, demonstrating that not a drop will drip." In 1952, the Newport Daily News in Rhode Island contained a "Guide For Top Quality ICE CREAM SODAS CABINETS MILK SHAKES", which shows the use of the term "cabinet" in print. An article from 1953 in the Salisbury Times (in the state of Maryland) suggests that shakes can be made in a jar by shaking well. The article states that by adding four large tablespoons of ice cream, the drink becomes a "frosted shake."^[16]

2000s

In 2000, the US Agricultural Research Service developed reduced-sugar, low-fat milk shakes for school lunch programs. The shakes have half the sugar and only 10% of the fat of commercial fast-food shakes. Schools need a milk shake machine or soft-serve ice cream machine to serve the milkshakes. The milkshakes also have added fiber and other nutrients, and they have much less lactose, which makes the shakes appropriate for some lactose intolerant people.^[17] The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). ...

In the 2000s, milkshakes began being used as part of the new trend of boutique-style "spa dentistry," which aim to relax dental patients and reduce their anxiety. Spa dentistry uses aromatherapy, massages, music playing through headphones to reduce patient's tension. At the end of the a filling or root canal in a spa dentistry treatment, patients are given an icy milkshake "...to soothe mouth soreness and delay the desire for heavier foods while the effects of the anesthesia dissipate." ^[18]

In 2005, the traditional home of the milkshake, the family restaurants and 24-hour diner-style restaurants that were the "staples of 1950s and 60s America such as Denny's, Big Boy and the International House of Pancakes" were supplanted "...in terms of revenue for the first time since the US census started measuring this in the 1970s. The shift means the burger, fries and milkshake ideal evoked by the sitcom Happy Days is losing its hold on the American appetite." Instead, US consumers are going out to casual dining restaurants such as Ruby Tuesday, Olive Garden and the Outback Steakhouse. ^[19] Dennys is the largest full-service family restaurant chain in the United States. ... Big Boy is a restaurant chain started in 1936 by Bob Wian in Glendale, California as Bobs Big Boy. ... The International House of Pancakes or IHOP is a United States-based restaurant chain that specializes in breakfast foods. ... For other uses, see Happy Days (disambiguation). ... Ruby Tuesday is an American casual dining restaurant chain named after the Rolling Stones song of the same name. ... Olive Garden is a casual dining American restaurant chain specializing in Italian food. ... Outback Steakhouse is a casual dining American restaurant chain based in Tampa, Texas with over 900 locations in 23 countries throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. ...

Despite the downturn in family restaurant business, the US sales of milkshakes, malts and floats rose 11% in 2006, according to the industry research firm NPD Group. Christopher Muller, the director of the Center for Multi-Unit Restaurant Management at Orlando's University of Central Florida states that "Milkshakes remind us of summer, youth — and indulgence," and "they're evocative of a time gone by."^[5] Muller states that milkshakes are an "enormously profitable" item for restaurants, since the fluffy drinks contain so much air. The market research firm Technomic claims that about 75% of the average-priced $3.38 restaurant shake in 2006 was profit. An executive from Sonic Drive-In, a US chain of 1950s-style diner restaurants, calls shakes "...one of our highest-volume, revenue-producing areas."^[5] Sonic Corporation NASDAQ: SONC (operating name: Sonic Drive-In) is an American fast-food restaurant chain based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, that recreates the drive-in diner feel of the 1950s, complete with carhops who often wear roller skates. ...

Part of the increase in milkshake sales reported in 2006 may be due to the increasing availability of innovative chef-designed milkshakes in high-end restaurants. In 2006, the Los Angeles Times reported that chefs from "hipster hangouts and retro landmarks" are using "macerated farmers market strawberries, Valrhona chocolate and Madagascar Bourbon vanilla" to make new milkshake flavors.

Other novel ideas offered in LA-area restaurants include milkshakes made with toasted pecans, saffron-rose water or orange-blossom ice cream, taro root, vanilla beans steeped in rum, Valrhona chocolate and Grey Goose vodka, and vanilla custard mixed with Russian Imperial stout. ^[20]

Research

In 2003, a "fast-food chain that wanted to improve milk shake sales and profits" initially tried using focus groups to find out what factors in milkshakes attracted customers (e.g., price, amount of chocolate), but the profits did not increase. The restaurant hired researchers to study why customers purchased fast-food milkshakes, as a way of finding out which factors would help the restaurant to increase sales.

The researchers found that, contrary to their expectations, that "...nearly half of all milk shakes were bought in the early morning", and usually, the "...shake was the only item purchased, and it was rarely consumed in the restaurant." The researchers determined that most of the customers were buying a milkshake to sip slowly during their "long, boring commute." They wanted a food product that could be consumed with one hand, and that wouldn't risk soiling their hands or work clothes (a danger with toast and jam or sausage and egg bagelwiches).

The researchers concluded that good strategies for increasing sales for this target market would be to make the milkshakes thicker and longer-lasting, add in fruit chunks (to make drinking it more interesting), or adding in an express self-serve line for milkshake customers. ^[21]

See also

Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on

Milkshake

• Blender (device)
• Smoothie
• Malted milk
• Chocolate milk
• Hot chocolate
• Nesquik
• Ovaltine
• Syrup
• Soy milk
• Rice milk
• Frappé
• New England cuisine
• Milkshake (song) - a pop/R&B song recorded by Kelis in 2003.
• There Will Be Blood - a 2007 film in which the protagonist, Daniel Plainview, makes a reference to the American treat when he tells Eli Sunday, "Here, if you have a milkshake, and I have a milkshake, and I have a straw. There it is, that's a straw, you see? You watching? And my straw reaches across the room and starts to drink your milkshake, I drink your milkshake! I drink it up!" The line refers to Senator Albert Fall's 1924 congressional testimony about the "Teapot Dome" oil-drilling scandal.^[22][23] The scene became something of a catch phrase for the film and gained moderate recognition in popular culture following the film's release.^[24]

Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo-en. ... Wikibooks logo Wikibooks, previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks, is a wiki for the creation of books. ... An electric blender. ... Blueberry Smoothie from Lollicup A smoothie is a blended, chilled, sweet beverage made from fresh fruit and fruit juices which is blended with crushed ice, frozen fruit, or frozen yogurt. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Chocolate milk (disambiguation). ... For the beverage, see Hot chocolate. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ovaltine is a brand of sweetened milk flavoring product made with sugar (except in Switzerland), malt extract, cocoa, and whey. ... In cooking, a syrup (from Arabic شراب sharab, beverage, via Latin siropus) is a thick, viscous liquid, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars, but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. ... A can of Yeos soy milk, poured into a glass Greek Café Frappé prepared with soy milk, topped with additional cinnamon 1 l (2. ... Rice milk is a kind of grain milk processed from rice. ... It has been suggested that Yiannis Dritsas be merged into this article or section. ... New England cuisine is a type of American cuisine found in New England, the northeastern region of the United States. ... Milkshake is a pop/R&B song written and produced by The Neptunes for American singer Keliss third studio album Tasty (2003). ... Kelis Rogers-Jones (née Rogers, born August 21, 1979[1]), better known as Kelis, is an American R&B singer-songwriter. ... There Will Be Blood is a 2007 film directed, written and produced by Paul Thomas Anderson. ... 2007 has been referred to, by film and media critics, as the year of the threequels, a nickname referring to both the 2004 summer movie season and several film franchises which premiered or had installments released in 2004, which appear again this year: Spider-Man 3, Shrek the Third, Ocean... A protagonist is the main figure of a piece of literature or drama and has the main part or role. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861 - November 30, 1944) Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, notorious for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal. ... Congressional hearings are the principal formal method by which committees collect and analyze information in the early stages of legislative policymaking. ... The location of Teapot Dome in the US state of Wyoming. ... A catch phrase is a phrase or expression that is popularized, usually through repeated use, by a real person or fictional character. ... Popular culture (or pop culture) is the widespread cultural elements in any given society that are perpetuated through that societys vernacular language or lingua franca. ...

References

1. ^ "A milk shake might be milk, shaken up, with or without flavorings. (p.668-669) - How to Cook Everything. Mark Bittman. Wiley Publishing Inc. 1998 ISBN-13: 978-0-4717-8918-5
2. ^ milk shake. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000
3. ^ Milkshake Trivia: More than Just Ice Cream
4. ^ Bluefields Travel Guide (Bluefields, Nicaragua)
5. ^ ^{a b c} Fancier ways to get brain freeze. By Bruce Horovitz, USA TODAY
6. ^ Dinkum Products
7. ^ 26 Delicious Facts about Milkshakes Aviva Trivia
8. ^ ^{a b} Listening to America, Stuart Berg Flexner [Simon & Schuster:New York] 1982 (p. 178)
9. ^ Vanilla Milk Shake Recipe from the "Second Edition of The Neighborhood Cookbook" published by the Council of Jewish Women, Portland, in 1914. Fill a glass two-thirds full of milk, sweeten to taste with any fruit syrup or with sugar, and then flavor with vanilla. Fill glass up with cracked ice and shake well together until thoroughly mixed. http://www.homemade-dessert-recipes.com/milk-shake-recipes.html
10. ^ Walgreen's history
11. ^ The Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink, John F. Mariani [Lebhar-Friedman:New York] 1999 (p. 196–197)
12. ^ American Dialect Society CABINET, CONCRETE, FROSTED, VELVET
13. ^ Diner Style
14. ^ Shake One in the Hay. New York First
15. ^ Happy Meals in Kitty Hawk: How the Wright Brothers Spawned a Burger Nation
16. ^ American Dialect Society CABINET, CONCRETE, FROSTED, VELVET Text accompanying illustration on a poster advertising Hood's Ice Cream (observed in Hancock Pharmacy, State and Hancock Sts.,Springfield, Mass., September 30, 1952).
17. ^ "Shaking Up the Future" was published in the May 2000 issue of Agricultural Research magazine. http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:7crwHS1wllMJ:www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may00/shake0500.htm+milkshake+1970s&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=471
18. ^ The Spa Treatment-—Plus Fillings Amid the masseuses and lavender scent, an experience in spa dentistry may make you wonder why you ever hated the dentist in the first place. By:Katie Gilbert http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:gOirDrEMtPkJ:psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20060609-000001.html+milkshake+1970s&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=103
19. ^ http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:Q-mazsEOqFYJ:economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2005/12/the_decline_of_.html+milkshake+1970s&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=91
20. ^ Shake It Up, Baby! by Amy Scattergood, Special to The Times June 14, 2006
21. ^ Creating A Killer Product Clayton M. Christensen Michael E. Raynor, 10.13.03 http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2003/1013/082_print.html
22. ^ Foundas, Scott (January 16, 2008). Paul Thomas Anderson: Blood, Sweat and Tears. LA Weekly. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
23. ^ Bowles, Scott (February 3, 2008). 'Blood' fans drink up milkshake catchphrase. USA Today. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
24. ^ Mudhar, Raju (February 23, 2008). It's bottoms up to our Oscars drinking game. The Toronto Star. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.

is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... L.A. Weekly is a free weekly tabloid-sized newspaper (a so-called alternative weekly) in Los Angeles, California. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... The Toronto Star is a major metropolitan newspaper produced in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• [1] - Various milkshake recipes.