Forman was born in Čáslav, Czechoslovakia. He was orphaned at a very young age when his parents died at the concentration camp in Auschwitz for their membership in a Czech Resistance group. After the war, Miloš attended King George College public school in the spa town Podebrady, where his fellow students were Václav Havel and the Mašín brothers. Later on he studied film direction at the School of Cinema in Prague. He directed several Czechoslovakian comedies before leaving for the United States in 1968, after the Warsaw Pact invasion of his country.
In spite of initial difficulties he started directing in his new home country, achieving his first success with the adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1975, which won five Academy Awards including one for direction. Another notable success was Amadeus.
Forman is among only a handful of filmmakers whose body of work represents a constant artistic integrity with broad popular appeal.
In the early 1950s, Forman enrolled in the newly founded Film Institute at the University of Prague, where he worked with many of the major figures of the "Golden Age of Czech Cinema." It was there that he first began to form his unique visual style.
In his most recent films, Forman concentrated on two of the more peculiar and controversial figures of the late 20th century American landscape.