Head of Minerva by Elihu Vedder, 1896

Minerva, known also as Pallas Athena in Greek mythology, was a Roman goddess. She was considered to be the virgin goddess of warriors, poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, crafts, and the inventor of music.^[1] Minerva most often refers to: Minerva, the Roman goddess of crafts and wisdom. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 385 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (462 × 719 pixel, file size: 104 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions w:en:Image:10839u. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 385 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (462 × 719 pixel, file size: 104 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions w:en:Image:10839u. ... Elihu Vedder (1864, New York City - 1923) was an American symbolist painter, book illustrator, and poet. ... This article is about the goddess Athena. ... A head of Minerva found in the ruins of the Roman baths in Bath Roman mythology, the mythological beliefs of the people of Ancient Rome, can be considered as having two parts. ... For the 1934 film, see The Goddess (1934 film). ... For other uses, see War (disambiguation). ... This article is about the art form. ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ... For the apocryphal book of the Bible, see Book of Wisdom. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Craft (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Inventor (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ...

This article focuses on Minerva in early Rome and in cultic practice. For information on literary mythological accounts of Minerva, which were heavily influenced by Greek mythology, see Pallas Athena where she is one of three virgin goddesses along with Artemis and Hestia. In traditional usage, the cult of a religion, quite apart from its sacred writings (scriptures), its theology or myths, or the personal faith of its believers, is the totality of external religious practice and observance, the neglect of which is the definition of impiety. ... The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. ... This article is about the goddess Athena. ... For other uses, see Artemis (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Hestia (disambiguation). ...

Etruscan Menrva

Main article: Menrva

The name "Minerva" is likely imported from the Etruscans who called her Menrva. In Etruscan mythology, Menrva was the goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools and commerce. She was the Etruscan counterpart to Greek Athena and to Roman Minerva. Like Athena, Menrva was born from the head of her father, Tinia. In Etruscan mythology, Menrva was the goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools and commerce. ... The Etruscans were a race of unknown origin from North Italy who were eventually integrated into Rome. ... In Etruscan mythology, Menrva was the goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools and commerce. ... The Etruscans were a race of unknown origin from North Italy who were eventually integrated into Rome. ... For other uses, see Athena (disambiguation). ... A head of Minerva found in the ruins of the Roman baths in Bath Roman mythology, the mythological beliefs of the people of Ancient Rome, can be considered as having two parts. ... In Etruscan mythology, Tinia was the highest god of the skies, husband to Thalna or Uni. ...

Her name has the "mn-" stem, linked with memory. See Greek "Mnemosyne" (gr. μνημοσύνη) and "mnestis" (gr. μνῆστις): memory, remembrance, recollection. The Romans could have confused her foreign name with their word mens meaning "mind" since one of her aspects as goddess pertained not only to war but also to the intellectual. Minerva is the Roman name for Athena the goddess of Wisdom and Virginity. She is also depicted as an owl. Mnemosyne (Greek , IPA in RP and in General American) (sometimes confused with Mneme or compared with Memoria) was the personification of memory in Greek mythology. ...

Cult of Minerva in Rome

Menrva was part of a holy triad with Tinia and Uni, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter-Juno-Minerva triad. Minerva was the daughter of Jupiter. The word Triad has several meanings: A grouping of three The traditional strategic triad of strategic defense is ICBM, SLBM, strategic bomber A crime group based in Hong Kong - Triad In sociology a group of three people - Triad (sociology) A grouping in Egyptian mythology - Triad (Egyptian religion) A chord in... In Etruscan mythology, Tinia was the highest god of the skies, husband to Thalna or Uni. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Jupiter et Thétis - by Jean Ingres, 1811. ...

As Minerva Medica, she was the goddess of medicine and doctors. As Minerva Achaea, she was worshipped at Luceria in Apulia where the donaria and the arms of Diomedes were preserved in her temple.^[2][3] Country Italy Region Puglia Province Foggia (FO) Mayor Elevation 250 m Area 338 km² Population  - Total (as of 2005) 34,911  - Density 103/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Lucerini Dialing code 0881 Postal code 71036 Frazioni Regente, San Giusto Patron Santa Maria  - Day August 15 Location of... This article is bad because of the Italian region. ... DiomÄ“dÄ“s or Diomed (Gk:Διομήδης - God-like cunning or advised by Zeus) is a hero in Greek mythology, mostly known for his participation in the Trojan War. ...

Statue of Minerva

A head of "Sulis-Minerva" found in the ruins of the Roman baths in Bath

Ovid called her the "goddess of a thousand works." Minerva was worshipped throughout Italy, though only in Rome did she take on a warlike character. Her worship was also taken out to the empire — in Britain, for example, she was conflated with the wisdom goddess Sulis. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (802x852, 158 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Minerva Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (802x852, 158 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Minerva Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Roman Bath The Great Bath — the entire structure above the level of the pillar bases is a later reconstruction. ... For other uses, see Ovid (disambiguation) Publius Ovidius Naso (March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD) was a Roman poet known to the English-speaking world as Ovid who wrote on topics of love, abandoned women and mythological transformations. ... // In ancient Celtic polytheism, Sul or Sulis (also found as Sulevis: see Suleviae) was the deification of spring-water, especially of thermal spring-water, conceived as a nourishing, life-giving Mother goddess. ...

The Romans celebrated her festival from March 19 to March 23 during the day which is called, in the feminine plural, Quinquatria, the fifth after the Ides of March, the nineteenth, the artisans' holiday. A lesser version, the Minusculae Quinquatria, was held on the Ides of June, June 13, by the flute-players, who were particularly useful to religion. In 207 BC, a guild of poets and actors was formed to meet and make votive offerings at the temple of Minerva on the Aventine hill. Among others, its members included Livius Andronicus. The Aventine sanctuary of Minerva continued to be an important center of the arts for much of the middle Roman Republic. is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... In Ancient Roman religious tradition, the Quinquatria or Quinquatrus was a festival sacred to Minerva, celebrated on the 19th of March. ... An artisan, also called a craftsman,[1] is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A nude youth plays the aulos at a banquet: Attic red-figure cup by the Euaion Painter, ca. ... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC - 200s BC - 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC Years: 212 BC 211 BC 210 BC 209 BC 208 BC - 207 BC - 206 BC 205 BC... A guild is an association of craftspeople in a particular trade. ... A votive deposit or votive offering is an object left in a sacred place for ritual purposes. ... The Aventine Hill is one of the seven hills that ancient Rome was built on. ... Lucius Livius Andronicus (280/260 BC?–200 BC?), was a Greco-Roman dramatist and epic poet who produced the first Roman dramatic work and translated many Greek works into Latin. ... This article is about the state which existed from the 6th century BC to the 1st century BC. For the state which existed in the 18th century, see Roman Republic (18th century). ...

Minerva was worshipped on the Capitoline Hill as one of the Capitoline Triad along with Jupiter and Juno, at the Temple of Minerva Medica, and at the "Delubrum Minervae" a temple founded around 50 BC by Pompey on the site of the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva (near the present-day Piazza della Minerva and the Pantheon). The Capitoline Hill (Capitolinus Mons), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the most famous and smallest of the seven hills of Rome. ... The Capitoline Triad was comprised of three deities of Roman mythology who were worshipped most famously in an elaborate temple on Romes Capitoline Hill. ... The temple of Minerva Medica (akin to the temple of Apollo Medicus) was a temple in ancient Rome, built on the Esquiline Hill in the republican era (cf. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47... For other meanings see Pompey (disambiguation). ... Facade of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. ... Facade of the Pantheon The Pantheon (Latin Pantheon[1], from Greek Πάνθεον Pantheon, meaning Temple of all the gods) is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets in the state religion of Ancient Rome. ...

Minerva in modern usage

Minerva most often refers to: Minerva, the Roman goddess of crafts and wisdom. ...

Universities and educational establishments

The statue of Minerva in La Sapienza University, Rome

As patron goddess of wisdom, Minerva frequently features in statuary, an image on seals, and in other forms, at educational establishments, including: Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ... University of Rome La Sapienza (Italian Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza) is the largest European university and the most ancient of Romes three public universities [1]. In Italian, Sapienza means wisdom or knowledge. // Church of SantIvo alla Sapienza, by Borromini, originally a chapel of the La... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...

• Minerva is the symbol of the University of Porto.
• A statue of Minerva is located in the center of La Sapienza University, the most important university of Rome.
• Minerva is displayed in front of Columbia University's Low Memorial Library as "Alma Mater."
• Minerva is the name of a female residence at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa.
• Minerva is the name of the computer science server used by students at the Harvard Extension School.
• Minerva is displayed to the East of University of North Carolina at Greensboro's Elliot University Center as a statue.
• The SUNY Potsdam campus in Potsdam, NY is home to multiple statues of Minerva and a cafe named after her.
• Minerva is featured on the seals and logos of many institutions of higher learning:
  • University of Lincoln. Minerva's head is used as the logo of this UK University. There is a tradition within the Lincoln rugby union team and it is thought they are the Knights of Minerva, each match being won in her honour.
  • University at Albany, The State University of New York. Minerva is still venerated by seniors and their 'torch bearers' during a pre-graduation ritual called "Torch Night" there.
  • the University of Alabama
  • Union College, New York. Union College has also used Minerva as the name of their new academic and social "Third Space" program, the Minerva House System; and, also here, Minerva is the goddess of Theta Delta Chi.
  • UFRJ, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil.
  • Ghent University, in Belgium
  • American Academy of Arts & Sciences, in Cambridge, Mass. The seal's principal figure is Minerva - a symbol appropriate for an organization created in the midst of the American Revolution and dedicated to the cultivation of every art and science to "advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people."
• Minerva is also the name of the second oldest elite student-association in the Netherlands (Leiden University).
• Minerva decorates the keystone over the main entrance to the Boston Public Library beneath the words, "Free to all." BPL was the original public-financed library in America and, with all other libraries, is the long-term memory of the human race.
• Minerva is the Goddess of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. Fraternity Brothers are known as Loyal Sons of Minerva.
• Minerva is the patron of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, the largest organization of Black women in the world.
• Minerva is the name of a remote learning facility at Bath Spa University in England, UK.
• Minerva is featured on the seal of the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma.
• Minerva is displayed as a statue in the entrance to Main Building at Wells College in Aurora, NY.
• Minerva is the patroness of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• Minerva is also a symbol of Kappa Kappa Gamma, a sorority.
• Minerva is the name of the statue on the campus of Texas Woman's University that represents the school mascot, The Pioneer Woman

The University of Porto (Universidade do Porto) is a Portuguese public university located in Porto, and founded 22 March 1911. ... University of Rome La Sapienza (Italian Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza) is the largest European university and the most ancient of Romes three public universities [1]. In Italian, Sapienza means wisdom or knowledge. // Church of SantIvo alla Sapienza, by Borromini, originally a chapel of the La... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... Stellenbosch University is an internationally recognised university which is situated in the town of Stellenbosch, South Africa. ... The University of North Carolina at Greensboro is a public university in Greensboro, North Carolina and is a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina system. ... The State University of New York at Potsdam, soemtimes known as SUNY Potsdam, originated in St. ... Potsdam, New York relates to two locations in Saint Lawrence County, New York: Potsdam (town), New York Potsdam (village), New York Both locations are named after the city in Germany: Potsdam. ... This page is about the British university. ... University at Albany, SUNY, is a public university located in the capital of New York state, and is the senior campus of the SUNY system. ... The University of Alabama (also known as Alabama, UA or colloquially as Bama) is a public coeducational university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. Founded in 1831, UA is the flagship school of the University of Alabama System. ... The architectural centerpiece of the Union campus, the Nott Memorial, is named after the colleges president from 1804-1866, Eliphalet Nott. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ) is the largest federal university of Brazil, where state-owned colleges are the best and most qualified institutions. ... Ghent University (in Dutch, Universiteit Gent, abbreviated UGent) is one of the three large Flemish universities. ... The House of the Academy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... Cambridge City Hall Cambridge is a city in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. ... Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ) is a secret letter, social college fraternity. ... Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, (ΔΣΘ) Incorporated is a non-profit Greek letter organization consisting of college educated women who perform public service initiatives with emphasis on the African-American community. ... The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ) is the largest federal university of Brazil, where state-owned colleges are the best and most qualified institutions. ... Texas Womans University (historically the College of Industrial Arts and Texas State College for Women) is a university in Denton, Texas with two health science center branches in Dallas, Texas and Houston, Texas. ...

Societies

The Great Seal of California

• The Seal of California depicts the Goddess Minerva having sprung full grown from the brain of Jupiter. This was interpreted as analogous to the political birth of the State of California without having gone through the probation period of being a Territory.
• In the early 20th century, Manuel José Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala, tried to promote a "Cult of Minerva" in his country; this left little legacy other than a few interesting Hellenic style "Temples" in parks around Guatemala.
• According to John Robison's Proofs of a Conspiracy (1798), the third degree of the Bavarian Illuminati was called Minerval or Brother of Minerva, in honor of the goddess of learning. Later, this title was adopted for the first degree of Aleister Crowley's OTO rituals.
• Minerva is the logo of the world famous German "Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science" (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft)
• Minerva holds some sort of ritualistic significance for Sigma Alpha Epsilon, a national social fraternity (link)
• The helmet of Minerva serves as the crest of the distinctive unit insignia for Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C.

The Minerva Roundabout in Guadalajara, Mexico, one of the city's most notable landmarks

Image File history File links Seal_of_California. ... Image File history File links Seal_of_California. ... The Great Seal of the U.S. state of California. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (November 21, 1857 – September 24, 1923) was President of Guatemala from 8 February 1898 to 15 April 1920. ... The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1851, when that title was assumed by José Rafael Carrera, who had been acting as head of government as general and caudillo since 1840. ... The term ancient Greece refers to the periods of Greek history in Classical Antiquity, lasting ca. ... For other uses, see Illuminati (disambiguation). ... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947, pronounced ) was a British occultist, writer, mountaineer, philosopher, poet, and mystic. ... Lamen of the Ordo Templi Orientis Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.) (Order of the Temple of the East, or the Order of Oriental Templars) is an international fraternal and religious organization founded at the beginning of the 20th century. ... The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. ... Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ) is a secret letter, social college fraternity. ... This article is about the U.S. Army medical center/hospital (not the research institute). ... ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1460 KB) A statue in Guadalajara, Mexico. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1460 KB) A statue in Guadalajara, Mexico. ... Guadalajara is a large city in the Western-Pacific region of Mexico, located at 20. ...

Public monuments

• The Minerva Roundabout in Guadalajara, Mexico, located at the crossing of the López Mateos, Vallarta, López Cotilla, Agustín Yáñez and Golfo de Cortez avenues, features the goddess standing on a pedestal, surrounded by a large fountain, with an inscription which says "Justice, wisdom and strength guard this loyal city".

Guadalajara is a large city in the Western-Pacific region of Mexico, located at 20. ... Adolfo López Mateos (26 May 1909 – 22 September 1969) was President of Mexico from 1958 to 1964, representing the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). ... Agustín Yáñez (b. ...

See also

• Sulis
• Celtic mythology
• Second French Empire

// In ancient Celtic polytheism, Sul or Sulis (also found as Sulevis: see Suleviae) was the deification of spring-water, especially of thermal spring-water, conceived as a nourishing, life-giving Mother goddess. ... Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ... Map of the French Second Empire Capital Paris Language(s) French Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1852-1870 Napoleon III Legislature Parliament  - Upper house Senate  - Lower house Corps législatif History  - French coup of 1851 December 2 1851  - Established 1852  - Disestablished September 4, 1870 Currency French Franc The Second French Empire or...

Footnotes and references

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Minerva

• Origins of English History see Chapter Ten.
• Romans in Britain - Roman religion and beliefs see The Roman gods.

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology is a encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. ...

Secondary sources

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1867). See page 1090 The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology is a encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. ... Sir William Smith (1813 - 1893), English lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents. ...