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In 1999 the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five minority languages of Sweden: Sami language, Romani, Finnish, Yiddish, and Meänkieli (Tornedal). Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ...
Sami is a general name for a group of Uralic languages spoken in parts of northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and extreme northwestern Russia, in Northern Europe. ...
Romany (or Romani) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romany language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ...
Yiddish (Yid. ...
Meänkieli means in Swedish Tornedalen Finnish, but written in two words it means literally our language. Meänkieli was the informal term used by local people signifying the spoken variety in the minority region of northern Sweden. ...
Sweden has no official language but Swedish is the national language and de facto official language of the country, dominating commercial and cultural life. The minority status is given to minor languages to protect cultural and historical heritage. An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
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A status of minority language is closely related to the status of minority people. Being an official minority language leads to an inclusion of the minority people in school education. The population themselves have in recent studies expressed an appreciation about how their language now officially matters.
Criteria for inclusion These are the criteras established by the Minority Language Committee, influenced by the directives from the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 1997. // The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe. ...
To be accorded official minority status, a language must have been spoken in Sweden for a significant amount of time. A precise figure has not been revealed, but qualified estimations consider 100 years to be reasonable, based on the included and excluded languages. A significant immigration to Sweden did not start until after World War I, and many languages currently spoken by a large number of people in Sweden are excluded, among them Arabic and Persian. “The Great War †redirects here. ...
Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...
Persian (Local names: Ùارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ...
It is also required that the language be spoken by a significant number of people and be centred in a specific geographical region (the latter, however, not applied for Romani).
Furthermore, it is a condition that the granting of official minority language status should be of cultural benefit to the group speaking it. It is allegedly for this reason that Swedish Sign Language was not included – even though it is a unique language with a history dating back to the 18th century, it was considered to have a sufficiently stable basis already in Swedish culture.
Common culture is yet another criterion for inclusion. A further reason for not granting minority language status to the sign language was that its users do not share a unique cultural heritage since hearing-impaired people come from all backgrounds.
Finally, languages that do not differ greatly from standard Swedish are considered dialects and are not included. Among these are Skånska (Scanian), spoken in the southernmost province Skåne (Scania), Älvdalsmål, spoken in Älvdalen, Dalarna province (Dalecarlia), and Gutniska, spoken on the island of Gotland. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. ...
Skåne in southern Sweden Scanian ( ) is a closely related group of dialects spoken in Skåne (Scania). ...
The Flag of Skåne (also known as Scania in English) is the southernmost historical province (landskap) and County (Län) of Sweden. ...
Älvdalsmål (English: lit. ...
Älvdalen can mean: Älvdalen Municipality - a municipality of Dalarna County in Sweden Älvdalen Court District - a district of Dalecarlia in Sweden See also Dalecarlian language - a language spoken in Älvdalen Älvdal Hundred - a district of Wermelandia in Sweden This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages...
There is also Norwegian region called Dalane. ...
Gutnish (in Swedish gutamål or gutniska) is a language of the eastern branch of the North Germanic languages, spoken on the island of Gotland. ...
is a county and province of Sweden and the largest island in the Baltic Sea. ...
Affected languages
Standard Finnish Standard Finnish has been spoken in Sweden ever since the (then provincial) borders were drawn in the 13th century. Sweden has always had a significant migration to and from Finland. As the two languages belong to different language families it is easy to distinguish them, unlike the neighbouring languages Norwegian and Danish. The number of Finnish speakers in Sweden today amounts to over 200,000. Finnish ( , or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (91. ...
Current distribution of Human Language Families A language family is a group of related languages said to have descended from a common proto-language. ...
Finnish and Meänkieli can be used in the northernmost municipalities of Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala and Övertorneå and its immediate neighbourhood. Gällivare Municipality is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Haparanda is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Kiruna municipality is a Swedish municipality in northernmost Sweden where the Swedish city Kiruna (pop. ...
Pajala is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Övertorneå is a municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Meänkieli Meänkieli or Tornionlaaksonsuomi or Tornedalian language is spoken by a population in northern Sweden. It is closely related to and mutually intelligible with Finnish and often considered a dialect thereof, with many loanwords from Swedish. Especially in Finland the distinction of Meänkieli as a separate language is seen as language politics not based in linguistics (see Kven language for similar situation in Norway). Meänkieli is not intelligible to Swedes. The number of speakers amount to 50,000 or so. Meänkieli (lit. ...
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This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Sami languages The Sami languages are actually not one language, but – at the least – three languages. They are spoken in northern Sweden, and also in the northern parts of Norway and Finland, by the native population. The history of the Sami languages can be traced back at least 2,000 years. In total, they are spoken by 40,000 people. Sami is a general name for a group of Finno-Ugric languages spoken in parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, in Northern Europe. ...
As a minority language, a Sami language may be used in government agencies, courts, preschools and nursing homes in the municipalities where it is most common: Arjeplog, Gällivare, Jokkmokk and Kiruna and its immediate neighbourhood. The Government agencies in Sweden are state controlled organizations who act independently to carry out the policies of the Swedish Government. ...
A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ...
A nursery school is a school for the education of very young children (generally five years of age and younger). ...
Rest home for seniors in ÄŒeský TěšÃn, Czech Republic SNF redirects here. ...
The Municipalities or Kommuner represent the local level of self government in Sweden. ...
This page deals with both Arjeplog Municipality and the urban area (tätort) Arjeplog Arjeplog Municipality is a municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden, where Arjeplog is the seat with 2,000 inhabitants. ...
Gällivare Municipality is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Jokkmokk Municipality is a Swedish municipality in northern Sweden where the town Jokkmokk is seat with 3,200 inhabitants. ...
Kiruna municipality is a Swedish municipality in northernmost Sweden where the Swedish city Kiruna (pop. ...
Romani Romani chib, the language of Roma people (Gypsies), has been spoken in Sweden since the 16th century. Today about 9,500 people speak it in Sweden. It does not have a geographical center, but is considered to be of historical importance. Romany (or Romani) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romany language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ...
Languages Romani, languages of native region Religions Christianity, Islam Related ethnic groups South Asians (Desi) The Roma (singular Rom; sometimes Rroma, Rrom) or Romanies are an ethnic group living in many communities all over the world. ...
Yiddish Yiddish was historically a common language of Ashkenazi (Central and Eastern European) Jews. The first Jews, initially mainly Sephardi (esp. Spanish and Portuguese) Jews, were allowed in Sweden in the late 18th century. Later on, Ashkenazi immigration became predominant, and certain evidence of Yiddish being spoken are about a century later. Of Sweden's 20,000 Jews, about 3,000 are estimated to know enough of the language to claim to be speakers of it. The organization Sällskapet för Jiddisch och Jiddischkultur i Sverige (Society for Yiddish and Yiddish Culture in Sweden) has over 200 members, many of whom are mother-tongue Yiddish speakers, and arranges regular activities for the speech community and in external advocacy of the Yiddish language. Yiddish (Yid. ...
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (×ַש×Ö°×›Ö¼Ö²× Ö¸×–Ö´×™ ×ַש×Ö°×›Ö¼Ö²× Ö¸×–Ö´×™× Standard Hebrew, AÅ¡kanazi,AÅ¡kanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAÅ¡kănÄzî, ʾAÅ¡kănÄzîm, pronounced sing. ...
Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדי×, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ...
Painting of the Amsterdam Esnoga — considered the mother synagogue by the Spanish and Portuguese Jews — by Emanuel de Witte (ab. ...
Romany and Yiddish have the position of "historical minority languages" throughout the country, and thus the Swedish state acknowledges a certain obligation to preserve them.[1]
Reference - Sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk, Svenska språknämnden 2003. (In Swedish)
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