Mishpat Ivri (Hebrew for "Hebrew law" or "Jewish/Hebrew jurisprudence".) In content, Mishpat Ivri refers to those aspects of Halakha ("traditional Jewish law") that many in modern society generally consider relevant to "non-religious" or "secular" law. In addition, the term refers to an academic approach to the Jewish legal tradition and a concomitant effort to apply that tradition to modern Israeli law. The Modern Hebrew language is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. ... Halakha (הלכה or Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish law, custom and tradition regulating all aspects of behavior. ... This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ...

The academic study of Mishpat Ivri spans the full geographic, literary, and historical range of Halakha. It tends to exclude certain areas of Halakha that are not comparable to modern civil law, such as criminal law and "religious" law. Still, the topical orientation of Mishpat Ivri tends to fade whenever scholars address matters of legal theory or methodology.

Subjects covered in Mishpat Ivri include: Israel and the Arab League states The Arab-Israeli conflict is a long-running conflict in the Middle East regarding the existence of the state of Israel and its relations with Arab states and with the Palestinian population (see Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) by Israelis and al Nakba (Arabic: النكبة, the catastrophe) by Arabs, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ... HM Ships Eagle, Bulwark, and Albion of the British Royal Navy. ... The Six-Day War, also known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Six Days War, or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ... The Yom Kippur War (in Hebrew: Milchemet Yom HaKipurim (מלחמת יום הכיפורים), also known as the October War, the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, and the Ramadan War), was fought from October 6 (the day of Yom Kippur) to October 22 and 24, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Egypt... Operation Litani was the official name of the Israel Defense Forces 1978 invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani river. ... The 1982 Invasion of Lebanon, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (Shalom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when the Israel Defence Force invaded southern Lebanon in response to the Abu Nidal organizations assassination attempt against Israels ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, and to halt Katyusha... From the time it was established in March 1945, the Arab League took an active role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Anwar Sadat (left), Jimmy Carter (center), and Menachem Begin (right) shake hands in celebration of the success of the Camp David Accords The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at... The Israeli peace camp is a collection of political and non-political movements which desire to promote peace, mainly with the Arab neighbours of Israel (the Palestinians, Syria and Lebanon) and encourage co-existence with the Arab citizens of Israel. ... Geneva Accord October 20, 2003 Road Map for Peace April 30, 2003 The Peoples Voice July 27, 2002 Elon Peace Plan 2002 ... Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip are at the center of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... This is a incomplete timeline of events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The first Intifada was an uprising that took place from 1987 to 1991 or 1993 (see Intifada). ... The wreckage of a commuter bus in West Jerusalem after a suicide bombing on Tuesday, 18 June, 2002. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan תוכנית ההינתקות and Gaza Expulsion plan by its opponents. ... The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ...

1. Sales,
2. Renting,
3. Ownership,
4. Negligence (safety),
5. Liability,
6. Copyright,
7. Property rights, etc

Within classical rabbinic Judaism, all Mishpat Ivri subjects are also subsumed under halakha (Jewish law in general). Sales, or the activity of selling, forms an integral part of commercial activity. ... Renting is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good owned by another person or company. ... Manufacturers are reponsible for adequately warning consumers of possibly dangerous products. ... In the most general sense, a liability is anything that is a hinderance, or puts one at a disadvantage. ... For copyright issues in relation to Wikipedia itself, see Wikipedia:copyrights. ... This page deals with property as ownership rights. ...

Scholars of Mishpat Ivri typically adopt methodologies based on legal positivism. Notably, Menachem Elon adopts a legal positivist approach in his extensive study (Elon 1994), which has been used to train Israeli law students at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. While useful for comparative law purposes, the legal positivist approach to Mishpat Ivri has been questioned by some scholars, such as Hanina Ben-Menahem and Bernard Jackson. Legal positivism is a school of thought in modern and contemporary jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. ... Menachem Elon (1923 - ), an Israeli jurist, served as a justice on the Israeli Supreme Court (1977-1993) and its chief justice (1988-1993). ... The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים) is one of Israels largest and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ... Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law of different countries and, more generally, of the different legal families, the common law family, the civil law family, the socialist law and the islamic law family. ... Hanina Ben-Menahem is an Oxford trained scholar at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem who specializes in Jewish law (Halakha). ... Bernard Jackson is a law professor at the University of Manchester. ...

In the modern State of Israel, Mishpat Ivri has become one of the lesser ongoing sources for contemporary Israeli civil law, which developed along the model of British common law. (Israeli civil law was built primarily upon British and Ottoman law.) As an effort to promote Jewish law, the Mishpat Ivri movement has had relatively few gains, which include: (1) the Foundations of Law Act of 1980, allowing judicial reasoning to draw upon Halakha, (2) the limited accretion of case law that refers to Halakha, (3) occasional references to Halakha in legislative deliberations, and (4) the placement of a single Mishpat Ivri expert (Nahum Rakover) in the Attorney General's office. Rakover has prepared bibliographies that document the references to Halakha in Israel case law and legislation. An instructive example of the Israeli use of Halakha may be seen in the rulings of Supreme Court Justice Elon (e.g., Yael v. Sheffer v. State of Israel. C.A. 505/88). The limited relevance of Mishpat Ivri to Israeli civil law may be contrasted with the dominant jurisdiction of rabbinic law courts in a Israeli marriage and divorce law. Civil law has at least three meanings. ...

See also

• Halakha (Jewish law)
• Civil law

Halakha (הלכה or Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish law, custom and tradition regulating all aspects of behavior. ... Civil law has at least three meanings. ...

References

• Jewish Law: History, Sources, Principles Menachem Elon, The Jewish Publication Society, 1994. four volume set, translated from Hebrew. ISBN 082760389-4.
• Multi-Language Bibliography of Jewish Law. Prof. Nahum Rakover (in English). In print and online (http://www.mishpativri.org.il/english/multbibtochen.htm).
• Jewish law: bibliography of sources and scholarship (in English.) Compiled by Weisbard, Phyllis Homan and David Schonberg. 1989.
• An Introduction to the History and Sources of Jewish Law, ed. N. Hecht, B.S. Jackson, D. Piattelli, S.M. Passamaneck and A.M. Rabello, Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1996, Pp.xvii + 466
• Modern Research in Jewish Law, Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1980. Jackson, B. ed.
• Jewish Law in Legal History and the Modern World, Jackson, B. ed. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1980.
• Jewish Law Association Studies, volumes I (1985) -
• The Jewish Law Annual, 1978-
• Shenaton ha-Mishpat ha-Ivri. Jerusalem.
• "Jewish law in the State of Israel" Sinclair, Daniel, in Hecht et al., eds. An introduction to the history and sources of Jewish law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

Menachem Elon (1923 - ), an Israeli jurist, served as a justice on the Israeli Supreme Court (1977-1993) and its chief justice (1988-1993). ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... The International Standard Book Number, or ISBN (sometimes pronounced is-ben), is a unique1 identifier for books, intended to be used commercially. ... Nahum Rakover is a former Deputy Attorney General in Israel, responsible for bringing modern Israeli law into conversation with traditional rabbinic law (Halakha). ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

External links

• The Jewish Law Association (http://www.art.man.ac.uk/RELTHEOL/JEWISH//JLAS/)
• The Jewish Legal Heritage Society (http://www.mishpativri.org.il/english/default.htm)
• The Israel Matz Institute for Research in Jewish Law Faculty of Law Hebrew University of Jerusalem (http://mishpatim.mscc.huji.ac.il/jewish/jewres0e.htm)