The United States in 1820. The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in the Unorganized territory of the Great Plains (dark green) and permitted it in Missouri (yellow) and the Arkansas Territory (lower blue area).

The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise and a conference committee was appointed. The United States Senate refused to concur in the amendment, and the whole measure was lost. During the following session (1819-1820), the House passed a similar bill with an amendment introduced on January 26, 1820 by John W. Taylor of New York allowing Missouri into the union as a slave state. In the meantime, the question had been complicated by the admission in December of Alabama, a slave state (the number of slave and free states was now becoming equal), and by the passage through the House (January 3, 1820) of a bill to admit Maine as a free state. The Senate decided to connect the two measures, and passed a bill for the admission of Maine with an amendment enabling the people of Missouri to form a state constitution. Before the bill was returned to the House, a second amendment was adopted on the motion of Jesse B. Thomas of Illinois, excluding slavery from the Missouri Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north (the southern boundary of Missouri), except within the limits of the proposed state of Missouri. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x624, 123 KB) 1970 USGS map File links The following pages link to this file: Missouri Compromise ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x624, 123 KB) 1970 USGS map File links The following pages link to this file: Missouri Compromise ... The term unorganized territories has several connotations depending the exact usage and context. ... Arkansas Territory was a historic, organized territory of the United States from July 4, 1819 to June 15, 1836, when it was admitted as Arkansas, the 25th U.S. state. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The free and slave states as of 1861, with free states in blue and slave states in red. ... For the term free state as it arises in United States history, see: Free state. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past, or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize as a regional description. ... The United States in 1810, following the Louisiana Purchase. ... The parallel 36°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Year 1819 (MDCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Grhttp://en. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... John W. Taylor (March 26, 1784–September 18, 1854), was an early 19th century U.S. politician from New York. ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The free and slave states as of 1861, with free states in blue and slave states in red. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... For the term free state as it arises in United States history, see: Free state. ... Jesse Burgess Thomas (1777 - May 2, 1853) was born in Shepherdstown, Virginia. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Missouri Territory was a historic, organized territory in the United States. ... The parallel 36°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ...

Impact on political discourse

These disputes, involving as they did the question of the relative powers of Congress and the states, tended to turn the Democratic-Republicans, who were becoming nationalized, back again toward their old state sovereignty principles and to prepare the way for the Jacksonian Democratic Party. The nationalistic element soon emerged as National Republicans, elements of which then evolved into the Whigs during Andrew Jackson's Presidency. The Democratic-Republican party was a United States political party, which evolved early in the history of the United States. ... The Democratic-Republican party was a United States political party, which evolved early in the history of the United States. ... The National Republican Party was a United States political party that existed in the first half of the 19th century. ... The United States Whig Party was a political party of the United States. ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ...

In an April 22 letter to John Holmes, Thomas Jefferson wrote that the division of the country created by the Compromise line would eventually lead to the destruction of the Union: is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is the first page of a two-page letter written to Holmes by Thomas Jefferson on April 22, 1820. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...

Congress's consideration of Missouri's admission also raised the issue of sectional balance, for Congress was equally divided between slave and free states, 11 each. To admit Missouri as a slave state would tip Congressional balance in favor of the slave states. For this reason, it was agreed that Maine would enter the Union as a free state. The people of Dedham, Massachusetts were against the compromise and sent a petition to Senator Edward Everett addressing their grievance. Everett presented the petition on the floor of the Senate on April 6, 1854.^[2] Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Norfolk County Settled 1635 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Representative town meeting  - Town    Administrator Bill Keegan  - Board of    Selectmen Marie-Loise Kehoe Mike Butler James MacDonald Carmen DelloIocono Dennis Teehan Area  - Town  10. ... Edward Everett (April 11, 1794 – January 15, 1865) was a Whig Party politician from Massachusetts. ...

On the constitutional side, the Compromise of 1820 was important as the first precedent for the congressional exclusion of slavery from public territory acquired since the adoption of the Constitution, and also as a clear recognition that Congress has no right to impose upon a state asking for admission into the Union conditions which do not apply to those states already in the Union.

Following Maine 1820 and Missouri's 1821 admissions to the Union, no other states were admitted until 1836 when Arkansas became a slave state, followed by Michigan in 1837 as a free state. 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

The 1857 Supreme Court decision, Dred Scott v. Sandford, ruled the first Compromise unconstitutional (while ratifying the second Compromise's proposition that persons of African descent could not be U.S. citizens), inflaming antislavery sentiment in the North and contributing to the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Holding States do not have the right to claim an individuals property that was fairly theirs in another state. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Second Missouri Compromise

There was now a controversy between the two houses not only on the slavery issue, but also on the parliamentary question of the inclusion of Maine and Missouri within the same bill. The committee recommended the enactment of two laws, one for the admission of Maine, the other an enabling act for Missouri without any restrictions on slavery but including the Thomas amendment. This was agreed to by both houses, and the measures were passed, and were ratified by President James Monroe respectively, on March 5 and on March 6 of 1820. When the question of the final admission of Missouri came up during the session of 1820-1821, the struggle was revived over a clause in the new constitution (1820) requiring the exclusion of "free negroes and mulattoes" from the state. Through the influence of Henry Clay, an act of admission was finally passed, upon the condition that the exclusionary clause of the Missouri constitution should "never be construed to authorize the passage of any law" impairing the privileges and immunities of any U.S. citizen. This deliberately ambiguous provision is sometimes known as the Second Missouri Compromise. Although not explicitly intended to do so, it could (and would) be interpreted to indicate that blacks and mulattos did not qualify as citizens of the United States. This had a direct relationship with the Dred Scott v. Sandford case. An Enabling Act, in reference to admission of new states into the Union, is legislation passed by Congress authorizing the people of a territory to frame a constitution. ... For other persons named James Monroe, see James Monroe (disambiguation). ... This article is about the day. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For his namesake son, see Henry Clay, Jr. ... Holding States do not have the right to claim an individuals property that was fairly theirs in another state. ...

Repeal

The provisions of the Missouri Compromise forbidding slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north were effectively repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The United States in 1810, following the Louisiana Purchase. ... The parallel 36°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ... This 1856 map shows slave states (grey), free states (red), and US territories (green) with Kansas in center (white). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

• Missouri Compromise Line
• Compromise of 1850
• Origins of the American Civil War

The parallel 36°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ... Henry Clay takes the floor of the Old Senate Chamber; Millard Fillmore presides as Calhoun and Webster look on. ... The battle of Fort Sumter was the first stage in a conflict that had been brewing for decades. ...

Notes

1. ^ Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes. April 22, 1820.
2. ^ (April 7, 1854) "Thirty-Third Congress". The New York Times. 

External links

• Library of Congress - Missouri Compromise and Related Resources

v • d • e Missouri in the American Civil War
Pre-War	History of slavery in Missouri · Missouri Compromise · Dred Scott Decision · Bleeding Kansas · Armed Neutrality
1861	Missouri Constitutional Convention · Liberty Arsenal · St. Louis Arsenal · Camp Jackson Affair · Missouri State Guard · Price-Harney Truce · Grant's First Command · Governor on the Run · Battle of Boonville · Battle of Cole Camp · Battle of Carthage · Gamble's Provisional Government · Battle of Athens · Battle of Wilson's Creek · Frémont Martial Law · Battle of Dry Wood Creek · Platte Bridge Railroad Tragedy · Sacking of Osceola · Battle of Lexington I · Battle of Liberty · Battle of Fredericktown · Missouri secession · Battle of Springfield I · Department of the Missouri · Battle of Belmont · Gratiot Street Prison · Burning of Platte City · Battle of Mount Zion Church
1862	Army of the West · Battle of Roan's Tan Yard · Battle of Island Number Ten · Battle of Kirksville · First Battle of Independence · Battle of Lone Jack · First Battle of Newtonia · Palmyra Massacre · Battle of Clark's Mill
1863	Battle of Springfield II · Battle of Hartville · Battle of Cape Girardeau · Battle of Chalk Bluff · General Order № 11
1864	Centralia Massacre · Army of Missouri · Price's Raid · Battle of Fort Davidson · Battle of Glasgow · Battle of Lexington II · Battle of Little Blue River · Battle of Byram's Ford · Second Battle of Independence · Battle of Westport · Battle of Marmiton River · Battle of Newtonia II · Lincoln's Vaughn Pardon
Reconstruction	James-Younger Gang · Bald Knobbers