NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise and a conference committee was appointed. The United States Senate refused to concur in the amendment, and the whole measure was lost. During the following session (1819-1820), the House passed a similar bill with an amendment introduced on January 26, 1820 by John W. Taylor of New York allowing Missouri into the union as a slave state. In the meantime, the question had been complicated by the admission in December of Alabama, a slave state (the number of slave and free states was now becoming equal), and by the passage through the House (January 3, 1820) of a bill to admit Maine as a free state. The Senate decided to connect the two measures, and passed a bill for the admission of Maine with an amendment enabling the people of Missouri to form a state constitution. Before the bill was returned to the House, a second amendment was adopted on the motion of Jesse B. Thomas of Illinois, excluding slavery from the Missouri Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north (the southern boundary of Missouri), except within the limits of the proposed state of Missouri. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x624, 123 KB) 1970 USGS map File links The following pages link to this file: Missouri Compromise ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x624, 123 KB) 1970 USGS map File links The following pages link to this file: Missouri Compromise ... The term unorganized territories has several connotations depending the exact usage and context. ... Arkansas Territory was a historic, organized territory of the United States from July 4, 1819 to June 15, 1836, when it was admitted as Arkansas, the 25th U.S. state. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The free and slave states as of 1861, with free states in blue and slave states in red. ... For the term free state as it arises in United States history, see: Free state. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past, or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize as a regional description. ... The United States in 1810, following the Louisiana Purchase. ... The parallel 36Â°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Year 1819 (MDCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Grhttp://en. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... John W. Taylor (March 26, 1784–September 18, 1854), was an early 19th century U.S. politician from New York. ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The free and slave states as of 1861, with free states in blue and slave states in red. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area Ranked 39th - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (338 km) - Length 320 miles (515 km) - % water 13. ... For the term free state as it arises in United States history, see: Free state. ... Jesse Burgess Thomas (1777 - May 2, 1853) was born in Shepherdstown, Virginia. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area Ranked 25th - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 390 miles (629 km) - % water 4. ... Missouri Territory was a historic, organized territory in the United States. ... The parallel 36Â°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ...

Impact on political discourse

These disputes, involving as they did the question of the relative powers of Congress and the states, tended to turn the Democratic-Republicans, who were becoming nationalized, back again toward their old state sovereignty principles and to prepare the way for the Jacksonian Democratic Party. The nationalistic element soon emerged as National Republicans, elements of which then evolved into the Whigs during Andrew Jackson's Presidency. The Democratic-Republican party was a United States political party, which evolved early in the history of the United States. ... The Democratic-Republican party was a United States political party, which evolved early in the history of the United States. ... The National Republican Party was a United States political party that existed in the first half of the 19th century. ... The United States Whig Party was a political party of the United States. ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ...

In an April 22 letter to John Holmes, Thomas Jefferson wrote that the division of the country created by the Compromise line would eventually lead to the destruction of the Union: is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is the first page of a two-page letter written to Holmes by Thomas Jefferson on April 22, 1820. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.â€“4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801â€“09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...

Congress's consideration of Missouri's admission also raised the issue of sectional balance, for Congress was equally divided between slave and free states, 11 each. To admit Missouri as a slave state would tip Congressional balance in favor of the slave states. For this reason, it was agreed that Maine would enter the Union as a free state. The people of Dedham, Massachusetts were against the compromise and sent a petition to Senator Edward Everett addressing their grievance. Everett presented the petition on the floor of the Senate on April 6, 1854.^[2] Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Norfolk County Settled 1635 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Representative town meeting - Town Administrator Bill Keegan - Board of Selectmen Marie-Loise Kehoe Mike Butler James MacDonald Carmen DelloIocono Dennis Teehan Area - Town 10. ... Edward Everett (April 11, 1794 â€“ January 15, 1865) was a Whig Party politician from Massachusetts. ...

On the constitutional side, the Compromise of 1820 was important as the first precedent for the congressional exclusion of slavery from public territory acquired since the adoption of the Constitution, and also as a clear recognition that Congress has no right to impose upon a state asking for admission into the Union conditions which do not apply to those states already in the Union.

Following Maine 1820 and Missouri's 1821 admissions to the Union, no other states were admitted until 1836 when Arkansas became a slave state, followed by Michigan in 1837 as a free state. 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

The 1857 Supreme Court decision, Dred Scott v. Sandford, ruled the first Compromise unconstitutional (while ratifying the second Compromise's proposition that persons of African descent could not be U.S. citizens), inflaming antislavery sentiment in the North and contributing to the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Holding States do not have the right to claim an individuals property that was fairly theirs in another state. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Second Missouri Compromise

There was now a controversy between the two houses not only on the slavery issue, but also on the parliamentary question of the inclusion of Maine and Missouri within the same bill. The committee recommended the enactment of two laws, one for the admission of Maine, the other an enabling act for Missouri without any restrictions on slavery but including the Thomas amendment. This was agreed to by both houses, and the measures were passed, and were ratified by President James Monroe respectively, on March 5 and on March 6 of 1820. When the question of the final admission of Missouri came up during the session of 1820-1821, the struggle was revived over a clause in the new constitution (1820) requiring the exclusion of "free negroes and mulattoes" from the state. Through the influence of Henry Clay, an act of admission was finally passed, upon the condition that the exclusionary clause of the Missouri constitution should "never be construed to authorize the passage of any law" impairing the privileges and immunities of any U.S. citizen. This deliberately ambiguous provision is sometimes known as the Second Missouri Compromise. Although not explicitly intended to do so, it could (and would) be interpreted to indicate that blacks and mulattos did not qualify as citizens of the United States. This had a direct relationship with the Dred Scott v. Sandford case. An Enabling Act, in reference to admission of new states into the Union, is legislation passed by Congress authorizing the people of a territory to frame a constitution. ... For other persons named James Monroe, see James Monroe (disambiguation). ... This article is about the day. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For his namesake son, see Henry Clay, Jr. ... Holding States do not have the right to claim an individuals property that was fairly theirs in another state. ...

Repeal

The provisions of the Missouri Compromise forbidding slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north were effectively repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The United States in 1810, following the Louisiana Purchase. ... The parallel 36Â°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ... This 1856 map shows slave states (grey), free states (red), and US territories (green) with Kansas in center (white). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

The parallel 36Â°30 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 36. ... Henry Clay takes the floor of the Old Senate Chamber; Millard Fillmore presides as Calhoun and Webster look on. ... The battle of Fort Sumter was the first stage in a conflict that had been brewing for decades. ...

Notes

External links

Categories: Missouri in the American Civil War | 1820 in law | 1820 in the United States | African-American history | Slavery in the United States | History of Missouri | History of United States expansionism | Legal history of the United States | United States federal territory and statehood legislation | Bleeding Kansas Division of the states during the Civil War: Union states Union territories Border states Bleeding Kansas The Confederacy Confederate territories (not always held) Missouri in the Civil War was a border state that sent men, generals, and supplies to both opposing sides, had its star on both flags, had state... Categories: | ... Holding States do not have the right to claim an individuals property that was fairly theirs in another state. ... Division of the states during the Civil War: Union states Union territories Border states Bleeding Kansas The Confederacy Confederate territories (not always held) Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of violent events involving Free-Staters (anti-slavery) and pro... Robert Marcellus Stewart was the Democratic Governor of Missouri from 1857 to 1861. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Missouri. ... The Missouri Constitutional Convention (1861-63) was a constitutional convention in the American Civil War that decided that Missouri stay in the Union and also evicted the elected governor to create a provisional government during the war. ... The Liberty Arsenal was an United States Army arsenal at Liberty, Missouri in Clay County, Missouri that was seized by Confederate sympathizers on April 20, 1861, sparking a sequence of skirmishes and battles that was to define Missouri in the American Civil War After states began seceding from the Union... The St. ... The Camp Jackson Affair was an incident in the American Civil War on May 10, 1861, when Union military forces clashed with civilians on the streets of St. ... The Missouri State Guard (MSG) was a state militia unit organized in the state of Missouri during the early days of the American Civil War. ... The Price-Harney Truce was a document signed on May 21, 1861 between United States Army General William S. Harney and Missouri State Militia commander Sterling Price at the beginning of the American Civil War. ... Hannibal and St. ... Claiborne Fox Jackson (April 4, 1806 â€“ December 6, 1862) was a lawyer, soldier, politician, and Governor of Missouri in 1861, then governor-in-exile for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. ... The Battle of Boonville, Missouri sketched by Orlando C. Richardson The Battle of Boonville was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on June 17, 1861 in Cooper County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Cole Camp was a skirmish of the American Civil War, occurring on June 19, 1861, in Benton County, Missouri. ... Combatants United States of America Missouri State Guard Commanders Col. ... Hamilton Rowan Gamble was the Republican Governor of Missouri from 1861 to 1864. ... The Battle of Athens was a small American Civil War battle that took place in Northeast Missouri (near present Revere along the Des Moines River) in 1861. ... Combatants United States of America State of Missouri Confederate States of America Commanders Nathaniel Lyon Samuel D. Sturgis Franz Sigel Sterling Price Ben McCulloch Strength Army of the West Missouri State Guard and McCullochâ€™s Brigade Casualties 1,235 1,095 The Battle of Wilsons Creek, also known as... John Charles FrÃ©mont (January 21, 1813 â€“ July 13, 1890), was an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery. ... The Battle of Dry Wood Creek (also known as the Battle of Big Dry Wood Creek or the Battle of the Asses) was fought on September 2, 1861 in Vernon County, Missouri during the American Civil War. ... The Platte Bridge Railroad Tragedy was a bushwhacker attack on the Hannibal and St. ... The Sacking of Osceola was a Union Jayhawker initiative on September 23, 1861, to push out pro-South elements at Osceola, Missouri. ... The Battle of Lexington I was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on September 13-20, 1861 in Lafayette County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Liberty was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on September 17, 1861 in Clay County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Fredericktown was an engagement of the American Civil War. ... The Missouri Secession controversy refers to the disputed status of the state of Missouri during the American Civil War. ... The Battle of Springfield I was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 25, 1861 in Greene County, Missouri. ... Department of the Missouri was a division of the United States Army that functioned through the American Civil War and the Indian Wars afterwards. ... Charleston defenses, Belmont battlefield by Julius Bien & Co. ... Gratiot Street Prison (pronounced Grass-shut) was an American Civil War prison located in St. ... The first Burning of Platte City, Missouri occurred by Union forces on December 16, 1861 in the American Civil War in an attempt to capture the bushwhacker Silas M. Gordon. ... The Battle of Mount Zion Church was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on December 28, 1861 in Boone County, Missouri. ... The Army of the West, a unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War, was created on Jan 29, 1862. ... The Battle of Roans Tan Yard was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on January 8, 1862 in Randolf County, Missouri. ... Battle of Island No. ... Battle of Kirksville Conflict American Civil War Date August 6-9, 1862 Place Adair County, Missouri Result Union victory The Battle of Kirksville was a battle in the American Civil War. ... The First Battle of Independence was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on August 11, 1862 in Jackson County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Lone Jack was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on August 15-16, 1862 in Jackson County, Missouri. ... The First Battle of Newtonia was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on September 30, 1862 in Newton County, Missouri. ... The Palmyra Massacre is an incident that took place in Palmyra, Missouri on October 18, 1862, when ten Confederate prisoners were executed in reprisal for the abduction of a local Union man, Andrew Allsman. ... The Battle of Clarks Mill was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on November 7, 1862 in Douglas County, Missouri. ... The Second Battle of Springfield was a battle in the American Civil War fought January 8, 1863, in Springfield, Missouri. ... The Battle of Hartville was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on January 9-11, 1863 in Wright County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Cape Girardeau was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on April 26, 1863 in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. ... Battle of Chalk Bluff Conflict American Civil War Date May 1-2, 1863 Place Clay County, Arkansas Result Confederate tactical victory (See note in text) The Battle of Chalk Bluff was a land battle of the American Civil War that took place from May 1-2, 1863. ... General Order â„– 11 is the title of the 25 August 1863 order that all persons living in Jackson, Cass, and Bates counties in Missouri, and in that part of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one mile of the limits of Independence, Hickmans Mills, Pleasant Hill... For other uses, see Centralia Massacre. ... The Army of Missouri was an independent military command during the American Civil War within the Confederate States Army, created in late 1864 under the command of Maj. ... Maj. ... The Battle of Fort Davidson was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on September 27, 1864 in Iron County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Glasgow was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 15, 1864 in Howard County, Missouri. ... The Second Battle of Lexington was a battle in Prices Missouri Expedition of the American Civil War, occurring on October 19, 1864, in Lafayette County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Little Blue River was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 21, 1864 in Jackson County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Byrams Ford was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 22-23, 1864 in Jackson County, Missouri. ... The Second Battle of Independence was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 22, 1864 in Jackson County, Missouri. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Samuel R. Curtis Sterling Price Strength Army of the Border (22,000) Army of Missouri (8,500) Casualties 1,500 1,500 Cannon at Loose Park. ... The Battle of Marmiton River was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 25, 1864 in Vernon County, Missouri. ... The Battle of Newtonia II was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 28, 1864 in Newton County, Missouri. ... George S. E. Vaughn (sometimes spelled George Vaughan or George E. Vaughn) (1823-August 26, 1899) was an accused Confederate spy during the American Civil War who was pardoned by Abraham Lincoln an hour before Lincolns assassination in the Presidents last official act. ... Jesse and Frank James, 1872 The James-Younger Gang was a legendary 19th century gang of American outlaws that included Jesse James. ... Bald Knobbers refers to a group of non-racially motivated vigilantes in the southern part of the state of Missouri in the United States, who were active during the period 1883-1889. ...

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