NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mitral valve replacement

Mitral valve replacement is a cardiac surgery procedure in which a patient's mitral valve is replaced by a different valve. Mitral valve replacement is typically performed when the valve becomes too tight (mitral valve stenosis) for blood to flow into the left ventricle, or too loose (mitral valve regurgitation) in which case blood can leak into the left atrium and back up into the lung. Some individuals have a combination of mitral valve stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation; this combination can also be treated with replacement of the valve. Cardiac surgery is surgery on the heart, typically to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (e. ... The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is a valve in the heart that lies between the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV). ... In the heart, a ventricle is a chamber which collects blood from an atrium (another heart chamber) and pumps it out of the heart. ... Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. ...

Currently, mitral valve replacement is an open surgical procedure, requiring placing the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass to stop blood flow through the heart as the heart is opened up to perform the procedure.

There are a number of choices of the type of valve that the native mitral valve can be replaced with. These include tissue valves and metallic valves.

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Health Science – Medicine - Surgery - Cardiac surgery

Surgeries/Surgical diseases of the aorta
Aortic aneurysm, Aortic dissection, Bentall procedure, David procedure, Marfan syndrome Mitral regurgitation (MR), also known as mitral insufficiency, is the abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve, from the left ventricle into the left atrium of the heart. ... Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart. ... A heart-lung machine (upper right) in a coronary artery bypass surgery. ... Health sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. ... medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... Cardiac surgery is surgery on the heart, typically to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (e. ... The aorta (generally pronounced or ay-orta) is the largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. ... An aortic aneurysm is a general term for any swelling (dilatation or aneurysm) of the aorta, usually representing an underlying weakness in the wall of the aorta at that location. ... Aortic dissection is a tear in the wall of the aorta (the largest artery of the body). ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

Valvular Heart Disease
Aortic valve repair, Aortic valve replacement, Ross procedure, Mitral valve repair, Mitral valve replacement, Tricuspid valve repair, Tricuspid valve replacement Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Aortic valve repair is a surgical procedure used to correct some aortic valve disorders. ... The aortic valve is one of the valves of the heart. ... Mitral valve repair involves the replacement of stenified vitrious fibres that have frayed off of the wall of the duct. ...

Surgeries/Surgical diseases of the myocardium
Coronary artery bypass surgery, Ischemic VSD, Maze procedure, Septal myectomy, Ventricular reduction Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart. ... Early in a coronary artery bypass surgery during vein harvesting from the legs (left of image) and the establishment of bypass (placement of the aortic cannula) (bottom of image). ... A ventricular septal defect (or VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum (the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart). ...

Heart transplantation
Ischemic cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Ventricular assist device Opened left ventricle of heart shows a thickened, dilated left ventricle with subendocardial fibrosis manifested as increased whiteness of endocardium. ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause. ... A Ventricular assist device, or VAD, is mechanical device that is used to partially or completely replace the function of a failing heart. ...

Congenital heart disease
Atrial septal defect, Ebstein's anomaly, Pulmonary stenosis, Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the great arteries, Ventricular septal defect Cross-section of a healthy heart. ... Atrial septal defects (ASD) are a group of congenital heart diseases that enables communication between atria of the heart and may involve the interatrial septum. ... Ebsteins anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the opening of the tricuspid valve is displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. ... Pulmonary stenosis is a congenital medical condition in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. ... The tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect which classically has four anatomical components. ... Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA), also referred to as Transposition of the Great Vessels (TGV), is a cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD), in which the primary arteries of the heart (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed. ... A ventricular septal defect (or VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum (the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart). ...