NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mitteleuropa

Mitteleuropa (Central/Middle Europe) is a German term approximately equal to Central Europe. In Germany and Austria, the term usually refers to the territory covered by the modern states of: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the VisegrÃ¡d Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...

and often includes regions that were part of Austria-Hungary: Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

Vojvodina in Serbia
(parts of) Romania
Croatia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
(small parts of) Italy (specifically South Tyrol and the city of Trieste, sometimes also the whole Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto include themselves in Mitteleuropa - now parts of the Alpe Adria region)
(parts of) Western Ukraine

At least before the First World War, this part of Europe was politically and culturally dominated by the Holy Roman Empire/German Confederation and later its successors, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the German Empire, and the German language tended to be the most widely used lingua franca throughout this region. Republic of Serbia â€“Vojvodina â€“Kosovo (UN admin. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian, English 3 Government Parliamentary republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 8th century - First unified state c. ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (also variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ... South Tyrol (Italian: Alto Adige, also Sudtirolo or Sud Tirolo; German: SÃ¼dtirol; Ladin: Adesc Aut[1][2] or Sudtirol; Latin: Tirolo Meridionale; Official in English: Autonomous Province of Bozen - South Tyrol[ â€” see talk page]; Official in Italian: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige; Official in German: Autonome Provinz Bozen... Trieste (Italian: Trieste; Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian: Trst; German: Triest) is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Veneto or Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806. ... Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ... Motto Gott mit Uns (German: God with usâ€) Anthem Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Language(s) Official: German Unofficial minority languages: Danish, French, Frisian, Polish, Sorbian Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor - 1871â€“1888 William I - 1888 Frederick... Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East. ...

Outside of Germany, the concept of Mitteleuropa may be best known for that policy of the Central Powers during World War I which assumed the creation of several buffer states in Central Europe, conquered from Imperial Russia and commonly viewed as puppet states. One of Germany's war aims in World War I was to create an economic sphere of German domination in Mitteleuropa. By their creation, growing dissent in the occupied areas could be answered, and resources to fight the war on the Western Front could be used more efficiently. European military alliances in 1914. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... A buffer state is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the VisegrÃ¡d Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... For most of World War I, Allied Forces, predominantly those of France and the United Kingdom, were stalled at trenches on the Western Front. ...

The policy was realized after signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in which Russia ceded most of the areas occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary to the respective countries. On the area ceded to the Central Powers, the following political entities were located: The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Poland liberated themselves, after the collapse of Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I. Soon they gained international recognition and participated in signing of the Versailles Treaty as members of the Entente. The other two (Belarus and Ukraine) were taken over by the Russian SFSR and became Republics of the Soviet Union. Flag Capital Vilnius Government Monarchy King - 1918 Mindaugas II Historical era World War I - Independence February 16, 1918 - Established July 13, 1918 - Disestablished November 2, 1918 This article is about the Kingdom of Lithuania in the 20th century. ... National motto: None Official language Belarusian Capital Minsk, Currently in Exile in Canada National anthem Vajacki marÅ¡ Chairperson of the Rada Ivonka Survilla Independence - Declared - Forced into Exile Treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 25, 1918 January 5, 1919 The Belarusian Peoples Republic (Belarusian: Ð‘ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ€ÑƒÌÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐÐ°Ñ€Ð¾ÌÐ´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð ÑÑÐ¿ÑƒÌÐ±Ð»Ñ–ÐºÐ°, eng. ... Kingdom of Poland was the state proclaimed by the Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary from the areas of the former Congress Poland on November 5, 1916. ... Coat of arms Capital Helsinki Language(s) Finnish, Swedish Government Constitutional monarchy King - 1918 Prince FrederickÂ¹ (elect) Regent - 1917-1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud Legislature Parliament - Monarch elected October 9, 1918 - German surrender November 9, 1918 - Throne renounced December 14, 1918 Â¹ The style of the monarch was intended to be Charles... Ukrainian Peoples Republic (Ukrainian: ), also sometimes translated as Ukrainian National Republic, abbreviated UNR (Ð£ÐÐ ), was a republic in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura. ... This article or section should include material from German Monarchy The term German Empire (the translation from German of Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... State motto: Russian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR: - Since - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area - Total - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 kmÂ² 13% Population - Total - Density Ranked 1st in the... Soviet Union administrative divisions, 1989 In its final decades of its existence, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR), often called simply Soviet republics. ...

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