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Encyclopedia > Mixtec

Jade mask found in Tomb 7, Monte Alban, c. 1300 - 1350 CE.
Jade mask found in Tomb 7, Monte Alban, c. 1300 - 1350 CE.

The Mixtec (or Mixteca) are an indigenous Mesoamerican people inhabiting the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Puebla. The Mixtecan languages form an important branch of the Otomanguean linguistic family. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Monte Albán is a large archeological site in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. ... BCE redirects here. ... This article is about the culture area. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Catedral de Santo Domingo The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca or simply Oaxaca   is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located in the southern part of Mexico, west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ... Guerrero is a state in the United Mexican States. ... The Mexican state of Puebla is located in the center of the country, to the east of Mexico City. ... Map showing Mexican indigenous languages with more than 100. ... Oto-Manguean languages are a large family of Native American languages spoken in Mexico. ...


The term Mixtec (Mixteco in Spanish) comes from the nahuatl word of Mixtecapan, or place of the cloud-people. The area in which Mixtec is spoken is known as the Mixteca. The Mixtecs call themselves ñuu savi, ñuu djau, ñuu davi, naa savi, etc., depending on the local variant of their language, the Sa'an Davi, Da'an Davi or Tu'un Savi.

Contents

Overview

In pre-Columbian times, the Mixtec were one of the major civilizations of Mesoamerica. Important ancient centres of the Mixtec include the ancient capital of Tilantongo, as well as the sites of Achiutla, Cuilapan, Huamelupan, Mitla, Tlaxiaco, Tututepec, Juxtlahuaca, and Yucuñudahui. The Mixtec also made major constructions at the ancient city of Monte Albán (which had originated as a Zapotec city before the Mixtec gained control of it). The work of Mixtec artisans who produced work in stone, wood, and metal were well regarded throughout ancient Mesoamerica. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the Americas continent. ... This article is about the culture area. ... Tilantongo was a city in the ancient Mixtec civilization. ... Mitla is a town in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, famous for its pre-Columbian Mesoamerican buildings. ... Tututepec is a Mesoamerican archaeological site located in the lower Río Verde valley of the Oaxacan highlands that formed the nucleus of an extensive Mixtec state during the Late Postclassic period (ca. ... Monte Albán is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca. ... Extent of the Zapotec civilization The Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mesoamerica. ... Rock redirects here. ... For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... This article is about metallic materials. ...


The Mixtec were conquered by the Aztec Emperor Ahuitzotl about 30 years before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores. They put up a fierce and bloody resistance to Spanish rule until they were subdued by the Spanish and their central Mexican allies led by Pedro de Alvarado. Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic... Auítzotl (sometimes rendered as Ahuitzotl) was the Aztec ruler of the city of Tenochtitlán. ... A Conquistador (Spanish: []) (English: Conqueror) was a Spanish soldier, explorer and adventurer who took part in the gradual invasion and conquering of much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries. ... Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (Badajoz, c. ...


Geography

Map showing the historic Mixtec area. Pre-Classic archeological sites are marked with a triangle , Classic site with a round dot and Post-classic sites with a square.
Map showing the historic Mixtec area. Pre-Classic archeological sites are marked with a triangle , Classic site with a round dot and Post-classic sites with a square.

The Mixtec area, both historically and currently, corresponds roughly to the western half of the state of Oaxaca, with some Mixtec communities extending into the neighboring state of Puebla to the north west and also the state of Guerrero. The Mixtec people and their homelands are often subdivided into three geographic and cultural areas: The Mixteca Alta or Highland Mixtec living in the mountains in, around, and to the west of the Valley of Oaxaca; the Mixteca Baja or Lowland Mixtec living to the north and west of these highlands, and the Mixteca de la Costa or Coastal Mixtec living in the southern plains and the coast of the Pacific Ocean. For most of Mixtec history the Mixteca Alta was the dominant political force, with the capitals of the Mixtec nation located in the central highlands. The valley of Oaxaca itself was often a disputed border region, sometimes dominated by the Mixtec and sometimes by the neighboring people to the east, the Zapotec. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 588 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,074 × 789 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 588 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,074 × 789 pixels, file size: 1. ... Oaxaca is the name of a city and a state in Mexico. ... Puebla is the name of a city and a state in Mexico. ... Looking southwest over the site of Monte Alban. ...


An ancient Coixtlahuaca Basin cave site known as the Colossal Natural Bridge is an important sacred place for the Mixtec. A cave site with double entrance located in the extreme northern end of the Coixtlahuaca Basin. ...


Language and codices

The Mixtecan languages (in their many variants) were estimated to be spoken by about 300,000 people at the end of the 20th century, although the majority of Mixtec speakers also had at least a working knowledge of the Spanish language. Some Mixtecan languages are called by names other than Mixtec, particularly Cuicatec (Cuicateco), and Triqui (or Trique). Map showing Mexican indigenous languages with more than 100. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... The Cuicatecs are an indigenous group of Oaxaca, Mexico closely related to the Mixtecs. ... The Trique or Triqui are an indigenous people of western Oaxaca, Mexico, centered in the Municipios Juxtlahuaca and Putla. ...

Codex Zouche-Nuttall, a pre-Columbian piece of Mixtec writing, now in the British Museum
Codex Zouche-Nuttall, a pre-Columbian piece of Mixtec writing, now in the British Museum

The Mixtec are well-known in the anthropological world for their Codices, or phonetic pictures in which they wrote their history and genealogies in deerskin in the "fold-book" form. The best known story of the Mixtec Codices is that of Lord Eight Deer, named after the day in which he was born, whose personal name is Jaguar Claw, and whose epic history is related in several codices, including the Codex Bodley and Codex Zouche-Nuttall. He successfully conquered and united most of the Mixteca region. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 468 KB) Codex Zouche-Nuttall, a pre-Columbian piece of Mixtec writing, British Museum, 2005-01-08. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 468 KB) Codex Zouche-Nuttall, a pre-Columbian piece of Mixtec writing, British Museum, 2005-01-08. ... The British Museum in London, England is one of the worlds greatest museums of human history and culture. ... Mixtec ruler, had himself sacrificed ... Mixtec ruler, had himself sacrificed ... Codex Zouche-Nuttall. ...

Further reading

  • The Mixtecs of Colonial Oaxaca by Kevin Terraciano, Stanford University Press, 2001
  • The Mixtec Kings and Their People by Ronald Spores, University of Oklahoma Press, 1967
  • "The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Mixtec and Zapotec Civilizations" , Flannery, K. and Marcus, J. (Eds.) Percheron Press, 2003.
  • "Stories in Red and Black: Pictorial Histories of the Aztec and Mixtec" by Boone, E. H.,University of Texas Press, 2000.
  • Presencias de la Cultura Mixteca (Memorias de la Primera Semana de la Cultura Mixteca), Ignacio Ortiz Castro (compilador), Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 2002.
  • La Tierra del Sol y de la Lluvia (Memorias de la Segunda Semana de la Cultura Mixteca), Ignacio Ortiz Castro (compilador), Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 2003.
  • Personajes e Instituciones del Pueblo Mixteco (Memorias de la Tercera Semana de la Cultura Mixteca), Ignacio Ortiz Castro (compilador), Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 2004.
  • Pasado y Presente de la Cultura Mixteca (Memorias de la Cuarta Semana de la Cultura Mixteca), Ignacio Ortiz Castro (compilador), Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 2005.
  • Nuu Savi (Nuu Savi - Pueblo de Lluvia), Miguel Ángel Chávez Guzman (compilador), Juxtlahuaca.org, 2005.

External links

 v • d • e 
Pre-Columbian Civilizations and Cultures
North America Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) – Fremont – Mississippian
Mesoamerica Huastec – Izapa – Mixtec – Olmec – Pipil – Tarascan – Teotihuacán – Toltec – Totonac – Zapotec
South America Norte Chico – Chavín – Chibcha – Chimor – Chachapoya – Huari – Moche – Nazca – Tairona – Tiwanaku – Mapuche
The Aztec Empire The Maya civilization The Inca Empire
(Inca civilisation)
Language Nahuatl language Mayan languages Quechua
Writing Aztec writing Mayan writing
Religion Aztec religion Maya religion Inca religion
Mythology Aztec mythology Maya mythology Inca mythology
Calendar Aztec calendar Maya calendar
Society Aztec society Maya society Inca society
Infrastructure Chinampas Maya architecture Inca architecture (road system)
Incan agriculture
History Aztec history Inca history
People Moctezuma I
Moctezuma II
Cuitlahuac
Cuauhtémoc
 Pacal the Great
Tecun Uman		 Manco Capac
Pachacutec
Atahualpa
Conquest Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
(Hernán Cortés)		 Spanish conquest of Yucatán
(Francisco de Montejo)
Spanish conquest of Guatemala
(Pedro de Alvarado)		 Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
(Francisco Pizarro)
See also
Indigenous peoples of the Americas – Population history of American indigenous peoples – Pre-Columbian art

  Results from FactBites:
 
Mixtec - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (734 words)
The Mixtec area, both historically and currently, corresponds roughly to the western half of the state of Oaxaca, with some Mixtec communities extending into the neighboring state of Puebla to the north west and also the state of Guerrero.
The Mixtec language (in its many variants) was estimated to be spoken by about 300,000 people at the end of the 20th century, although the majority of Mixtec speakers also had at least a working knowledge of the Spanish language.
The Mixtec are well-known in the anthropological world for their Codices, or phonetic pictures in which they wrote their history and genealogies in deerskin in the "fold-book" form.
Mixtec Migrants in California Agriculture: A New Cycle of Poverty (1288 words)
Mixtecs are the "new" migrants whose vulnerable situation forces them to accept, on average, lower wages and poorer working conditions than the mestizo Mexicans who are still the majority of California's farm labor force.
Interviews with several farm labor contractors also revealed that those who had hired Mixtecs were able to charge growers lower fees for their harvesting services compared to those hiring a settled mestizo work force, both by paying lower wages as well as by transferring some overhead costs to the workers.
Mixtecs should be invited to serve on the community advisory boards of the rural health clinics, the legal assistance agencies, and other farmworker service organizations.
  More results at FactBites »

 

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