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Mizraḥi Jews sometimes also called Oriental Jews, (מזרחי "eastern", Standard Hebrew Mizraḥi, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥî; plural מזרחים "easterners", Standard Hebrew Mizraḥim, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥîm) are Jews of Middle Eastern or North African origin; that is to say, their ancestors never left this largely contiguous region. Included in the Mizraḥi category are non-Sephardic Jews from the Arab world, as well as other communities variously including the Gruzim, Persian Jews, Bukharan Jews, Juhurim, and sometimes the Teimanim. Because Israel is a Middle Eastern country, and that Mizrahi Jews are Jews of Middle Eastern background, it is sometimes said these people are classified as the original Jews or true Hebrews. Download high resolution version (1024x1180, 21 KB)Created from Image:Wikipedia blue star of david. ... Judaism is the religious culture of the Jewish people. ... Judaism is the religious culture of the Jewish people. ... Judaism is the religious culture of the Jewish people. ... Judaism affirms a number of basic principles of faith that one is expected to uphold in order to be said to be in consonance with the Jewish faith. ... Etymology of the word Jew: The name for the Jewish people in Hebrew is Yehudim (יהודים). ... Who is a Jew? (Hebrew: מיהו יהודי?; transliterated as mihu yehudi) can be a complicated question because Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary depending on whether a religious, sociological, or national approach to... Jewish leadership: Since 70 AD and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem there has been no single body that has a leadership position over the entire Jewish community. ... Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena; above all, it is the culture of secular communities of Jewish people, but it can also include the cultural contributions of individuals who identify as secular Jews, or even those of religious Jews working in cultural areas not generally considered to be connected... Jewish ethnic divisions: The most commonly used terms to describe ethnic divisions among Jews presently are: Ashkenazi (meaning German in Hebrew, denoting the Central European base of Jewry); and Sephardi (meaning Spanish in Hebrew, denoting their Spanish and North African location). ... Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים Standard Hebrew, AÅ¡kanazi,AÅ¡kanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAÅ¡kănāzî, ʾAÅ¡kănāzîm, pronounced sing. ... Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew Têmān), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ... The Bene Israel (Sons of Israel) are a group of Jews who, in the mid-twentieth century, lived primarily in Bombay, Kolkata, Delhi and Ahmadabad. ... Beta Israel - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The number of Jews in the world is difficult to calculate, especially given the constant debates of the definition of Jew. ... // Early History Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the fourth century showing that there were Armenian cities possessing Jewish populations ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 along with substantial Jewish settlements in the Crimea. ... This article is about the history of the Jewish people in England. ... For a list of individuals of Jewish origin by country, please see List of Latin American Jews. ... Main article: List of Jews. ... Jewish languages are a set of languages that developed in various Jewish communities, in Europe, southern and south-western Asia, and northern Africa. ... Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by 6 million people mainly in Israel, parts of the Palestinian territories, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world. ... Yiddish (Yid. ... Ladino is a Romance language, derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew. ... Dzhidi, or Judæo-Persian, is the Jewish language spoken by the Jews living in Persia. ... Judæo-Aramaic is a collective term used to describe several Hebrew-influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic languages. ... The Judeo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Arabic-speaking countries; the term also refers to more or less classical Arabic written in the Hebrew script, particularly in the Middle Ages. ... Jewish denominations: Over time, the Jewish community has become divided into a number of religious denominations, also called branches or movements. Each denomination has a different understanding of what principles of belief a Jew should hold, and how one should live as a Jew. ... Orthodox Judaism is that stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmud (Oral Law) and later codified in the Shulkhan Arukh. ... Conservative Judaism (or Masorti Judaism) is a denomination of Judaism characterized by: A positive attitude toward modern culture The belief that traditional rabbinic modes of study, and modern scholarship and critical text study, are both valid ways to learn about and from Jewish religious texts. ... Reform Judaism is the first modern branch of Judaism; it developed in Germany and is now international, and the largest in North America. ... Reconstructionist Judaism is a denomination of Judaism characterized by: the belief that an individuals personal autonomy generally overrides traditional Jewish law and custom, yet also holding that ones practices must take into account communal consensus. ... Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmuds) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ... Alternative Judaism refers to several varieties of modern Judaism which fall outside the common Orthodox/Non-Orthodox (Reform/Conservative/Reconstructionist) classification of the four major streams of todays Judaism. ... Jewish political movements refer to the organized efforts of Jews to build their own political parties or otherwise represent their interest in politics outside of the Jewish community. ... For other meanings, please see Zionism (disambiguation) Zionism is a Jewish political movement, developed in response to 19th century anti-Semitism. ... General Zionists were centrists within the Zionist movement. ... Revisionist Zionism is a right wing tendency within the Zionist movement. ... A Bundist demonstration, 1917 The General Jewish Labour Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia, in Yiddish the Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland (אַלגמײַנער ײדישער אַרבײטערסבונד אין ליטאַ, פוילין און רוסלאַנד), generally called The Bund (בונד) or the Jewish Labor Bund, was a Jewish political party operating in several European countries between the 1890s and the... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ... Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, faith (Judaism) and culture. ... This entry contains a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. ... Schisms among the Jews: // First Temple era Based on the historical narrative in the Bible and archeology, Levantine civilization at the time of Solomons Temple was prone to idol worship, astrology, worship of reigning kings, and paganism. ... In compiling the history of ancient Israel and Judah, there are many available sources, including the Jewish Tanakh (the Old Testament) and other Jewish texts such as the Talmud, the Ethiopian book of history known as the Kebra Nagast, the writings of historians such as Nicolaus of Damascus, Artapanas, Philo... The Temple in Jerusalem or the Holy Temple (Beit HaMikdash בית המקדש in Hebrew) was built in ancient Jerusalem and was the center of Israelite and Jewish worship, primarily for the offering of sacrifices known as the korbanot. ... Babylonian captivity, or Babylonian exile, is the name generally given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. ... The Hasmonean Kingdom (pronunciation) in ancient Judea and its ruling dynasty from 140 BC to 37 BC was established under the leadership of Simon Maccabaeus, two decades after Judah the Maccabee defeated the Seleucid army in 165 BC. Origin of the Hasmonean dynasty The origin of the Hasmonean dynasty is... Jewish-Roman War can refer to several revolts by the Jews of Judea against the Roman Empire: The First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called the First Jewish Revolt. ... The Pharisees (from the Hebrew perushim, from parash, meaning to separate) were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 BCE–70 CE). ... Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tefutzah, or Galut, exile) refers to the dispersion of the Jewish people throughout the world. ... The first page of the Talmud, in the standard Vilna edition. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Jews in the Middle Ages : The history of Jews in the Middle Ages (approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE) can be divided into two categories. ... Islam and Judaism: This article is part of a series on Jewish history and discusses the history of Islam and Judaism, as they have interacted with each other for 1200 years, from the seventh century up until the end of the 19th century. ... Haskalah (Hebrew: השכלה; enlightenment, intellect, from sekhel, common sense) was a religious movement among European Jews in the late 18th century that advocated adopting enlightenment values, pressing for better integration into European society, and increasing education in secular studies, Hebrew, and Jewish history. ... Hasidic Judaism (Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות, meaning pious from the Hebrew root word chesed חסד meaning loving kindness) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ... The Holocaust is the name applied to Nazi Germanys systematic state-sponsored persecution and genocide of various ethnic, religious and political groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program, progressing to the later use of killing squads and extermination camps... Main article: Israel. ... Related articles: anti-Semitism; history of anti-Semitism; modern anti-Semitism This article deals with various persecutions that the Jewish people have experienced throughout history. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... This is a partial chronology of hostilities towards or discrimination against the Jews as a religious or ethnic group. ... The new anti-Semitism refers to the contemporary international resurgence of anti-Jewish incidents and attacks on Jewish symbols, as well as the acceptance of anti-Semitic beliefs and their expression in public discourse. ... The Religious Zionist Movement, or Religious Zionism is an ideology combining Zionism and Judaism, which offers Zionism based on the principles of Jewish religion and heritage. ... The Mizrachi (acronym for Merkaz Ruchani or religious centre) is the name of the religious Zionist organization founded in 1902 in Vilna at a world conference of religious Zionists called by Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines. ... The Modern Hebrew language is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. ... Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Bible, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early middle ages, beginning in the 8th century. ... The Modern Hebrew language is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. ... Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Bible, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early middle ages, beginning in the 8th century. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Azores and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa, though they do not share a common culture with the countries listed above. ... The Arab world The Arab world comprises twenty-three countries stretching from Morocco in the west to Oman in the east. ... The Gruzim are Jews from the nation of Georgia, in the Caucasus. ... The Persian Jews are a group of ancient Jewish communities living throughout the former greatest extents of the Persian Empire. ... The Persian (Tajik) speaking Jews from the Central Asian province of Bukhara (Bukhoro Wiloyati). ... Mountain Jews, or Juhurim, are Jews of the eastern Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew Têmān), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ... Hebrews (syns. ...

Though many Mizraḥim now follow the liturgical traditions of the Sephardim and in modern Israel may be colloquially referred to as Sephardic Jews, the Mizraḥim are not Sephardic, as they are not descended from those Jews who were expelled from Sepharad (the Iberian peninsula) during the Spanish Inquisition and the Portuguese Inquisition. Including Mizraḥim with Sephardim may be regarded as culturally insensitive or ignorant. Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ... Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ... topographic map of the Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... The Spanish Inquisition was the Inquisition acting in Spain under the control of the Kings of Spain. ... The Portuguese Inquisition was established in Portugal in 1536 by the King of Portugal, Joao III, as a Portuguese analogue of the more famous Spanish Inquisition. ...

Prior to the emergence of the term "Mizraḥi", which dates from the time of the establishment of the State of Israel, Arab Jews (יהודים ערבים) was a commonly used designation for those Mizraḥim originating in Arab lands, though almost never employed by the Mizraḥim themselves. The term is rarely used today, except among a minority of Mizraḥim who promote reintroducing the designation Arab Jews instead of Mizraḥim; this usage has thus far received little support among the wider Mizraḥi community. Many Mizraḥim today also identify themselves with and exhibit affinity toward their country of origin, or that of their immediate ancestors, e.g. "Iraqi Jew," "Tunisian Jew," "Persian Jew," etc., retaining particular traditions and practices.

Unlike the terms Ashkenazi and Sephardi, Mizraḥi is simply a convenient way to refer collectively to a wide range of Jewish communities, most of which are as unrelated to each other as they are to either the Sephardi or Ashkenazi communities.

Language

Main article: Mizrahi Hebrew language

The Mizraḥim are associated with various Judeo-Arabic dialects. A number of notable philosophical, religious, and grammatical works were written by Jews in Arabic modified with the use of Hebrew characters. The Mizrahi Hebrew language or Oriental hebrew language refers to any one of the dialects of Biblical Hebrew used liturgical by Mizrahi Jews, that is, Jews living in Arab countries or further east, and typically speaking Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Chinese, or other languages of the Middle East and Asia. ... Categories: Language stubs | Judaism-related stubs | Mizrahi Jews | Arab | Arabic languages | Jewish languages ... Arabic (العربية al-arabiyyah, or less formally arabi) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...

Other languages also associated with the Mizraḥim include Judeo-Persian languages spoken by Persian Jews. The Judæo-Persian languages include a number of related languages spoken throughout the formerly extensive realm of the Persian Empire, sometimes including all the Jewish Indo-Iranian languages: Dzhidi (Judæo-Persian) Bukhori (Judæo-Bukharic) Judæo-Golpaygani Judæo-Yazdi Judæo-Kermani Judæo-Shirazi Jud... The Persian Jews are a group of ancient Jewish communities living throughout the former greatest extents of the Persian Empire. ...

Post 1948 Dispersal

Most Mizraḥi Jews fled their countries of birth when, in reaction to the events leading up to and following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, citizens of Arab countries acted out violently against their local Jewish populations. Further anti-Jewish actions by Arab governments in the 1950s and 1960s, including the expulsion of 25,000 Mizraḥi Jews from Egypt following the 1956 Suez Crisis, led to the overwhelming majority of Mizraḥim becoming refugees. Most of these refugees fled to Israel. // The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) by Israelis and al Nakba (Arabic: النكبة, the catastrophe) by Arabs, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... 1956 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... HMS Eagle, Bulwark, and Albion of the British Royal Navy. ...

Today, from the fewer than 1000 Mizraḥim still remaining in scatteried communities throughout the Arab world a trickle of emigration continues, mainly to Israel and the United States. An additional 11,000 Mizraḥi Jews still reside in Iran. Many there feel actively persecuted, and a number have been arrested, mostly for alleged connections with Israel and the United States. Some have even been executed, religious intolerance mainly being cited as the contributing factor. [1] The Arab world The Arab world comprises twenty-three countries stretching from Morocco in the west to Oman in the east. ...

Mizraḥim in modern Israel

From their initial transition to Israel, the Mizraḥim have distinguished themselves from their Ashkenazi and Sephardi counterparts, in culture, customs, and language. Arabic was the mother tongue of some, Persian for those from Iran, and Gruzinic, Georgian, Tajik, Juhuri, and various other languages for those who emigrated from elsewhere. Some Israeli Mizraḥim still primarily use these various languages. Before emigrating, many Mizraḥim mainly considered Hebrew a language of prayer. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Persian (فارسی / پارسی), (local name in Iran/Persia, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: ‘Fârsi’), ‘Pârsi’ (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (another local name in Tajikistan and Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, western Pakistan, Bahrain, and elsewhere. ... Gruzinic (also known as Kivruli and Judæo-Georgian) is the traditional language spoken by the Gruzim, the ancient Jewish community of the Caucasus nation of Georgia. ... Tajik or Tadjik (natively Тоҷикӣ, Tojikí, تاجیکی in Arabo-Persian script) is a descendant of the Persian language spoken in Central Asia. ... Juhuri, Juwri or Judæo-Tat is the traditional language of the Juhurim or Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Dagestan. ...

The Mizraḥim were at first moved into rudimentary and hastily erected tent cities, and later sent to development towns. Settlement on Moshavim (communal farms) was largely unsuccessful, because the Mizraḥim had been mainly craftsmen and merchants, with little farming experience. Moshav (plural as mashavim)is a type of collective agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the labour Zionists during the second aliyah (wave of Jewish immigration during the 19th Century) The moshavs are similar to kibbutzim with an emphasis on community labour and were designed as part of the... Craftsman is an artisan who practices a handicraft or trade; a style of architecture and furniture arising from the Arts and Crafts movement; a military rank within the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, equivalent to a private; and a brand of tools. ... Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ...

Distinguished Mizraḥi personalities

David Levy has served as Deputy Prime Minister on 13 separate occasions

• Ofra Haza, acclaimed Temani vocalist - Yemen.
• Dana International, Israeli pop singer - Yemen.
• Moshe Katsav, President of the State of Israel - Iran.
• David Levy, former Minister of Foreign Affairs - Morroco.
• Yosi (Saffi) Levy, singer and entertainer - Iraq.
• Shaul Mofaz, Israeli Minister of Defense - Iran.
• Charles Saatchi, advertising executive and art collector - Iraq.
• Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi, advertising executive and chairman of the Conservative Party (UK) - Iraq.
• Silvan Shalom, Minister of Foreign Affairs - Tunisia.
• Ovadia Yosef, former Sephardic Chief rabbi of Israel - Iraq.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x686, 34 KB) David Levy. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x686, 34 KB) David Levy. ... A Deputy Prime Minister is the deputy of a Prime Minister, and a member of a nations cabinet. ... Ofra Haza (עָפְרָה חָזָה born November 19, 1957, died February 23, 2000) was a popular Yemenite Israeli singer. ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew Têmān), a nation on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... Dana International Dana International (Hebrew: דנה אינטרנשיונל; Arabic: دانا اٍنترنشيونال) (real name of Sharon Cohen, born Yaron Cohen in Tel Aviv, Israel on February 2, 1972) is an Israeli transsexual pop singer, who won the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest for her song Diva. She became famous everywhere, and she was the first Israeli artist... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Moshe Katsav (Courtesy: Israeli Knesset) Moshe Katsav (Hebrew מֹשֶׁה קַצָּב Mōšeh Qaṣṣāḇ), born December 5, 1945) is the current President of Israel (since 2000). ... President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel, but has a largely ceremonial, figurehead role with real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel. ... David Levy (also: David Levi) (born December 21, 1937) is an Israeli politician. ... Foreign Affair Ministers of Israel, 1948-present Moshe Sharett 1948-1956 Golda Meir 1956-1966 Abba Eban 1966-1974 Yigal Allon 1974-1977 Moshe Dayan 1977-1979 Menachem Begin 1979-1980 Yitzhak Shamir 1980-1986 Shimon Peres 1986-1988 Moshe Arens 1988-1990 David Levy 1990-1992 Shimon Peres 1992... The Kingdom of Morocco is a country in northwest Africa. ... Yosi Levy, known to many by his nickname Saffi, was born in mid-flight when his parents fled Iraq to relocate in Israel. ... LeAnn Rimes singing in concert For other senses of this word, see singer (disambiguation). ... This article is about the profession. ... Israeli Minister of Defense Shaul Mofaz Shaul Mofaz (b. ... A defence minister ( Commonwealth English) or defense minister ( American English) is a cabinet portfolio (position) which regulates the armed forces in a sovereign nation. ... Charles Saatchi, born June 10, 1943, is the co-founder of advertising agencies Saatchi and Saatchi and M&C Saatchi. ... Lord Saatchi Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi, born June 21, 1946 is the co-founder of advertising agencies Saatchi and Saatchi and M&C Saatchi. ... The Conservative Party is the largest political party on the centre-right in the United Kingdom. ... Silvan Shalom (b. ... Rabbi Ovadia Yosef voting during an Israeli election Ovadia Yosef (born 1920) is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, Talmud scholar and a recognized authority in halakha (Jewish Law). He is the former Sephardic chief rabbi of the State of Israel and is the current spiritual leader of the Shas political party... Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ... Chief rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognised religious leader of that countrys Jewish community. ...

See also

• History of the Jews in Muslim Lands
• History of the Jews in Algeria
• History of the Jews in Egypt
• History of the Jews in Iran
• History of the Jews in Iraq
• History of the Jews in Morocco
• History of the Jews in Tunisia
• History of the Jews in Yemen
• Israeli Black Panthers

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Islam and Judaism: This article is part of a series on Jewish history and discusses the history of Islam and Judaism, as they have interacted with each other for 1200 years, from the seventh century up until the... Jews and Judaism have a rather long history in Algeria. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Perhaps the oldest Jewish community in the world, the Jewish population of Egypt is now somewhere from 100-1000 people, down from between 75,000 and 100,000 in 1948. ... The Persian Jews are a group of ancient Jewish communities living throughout the former greatest extents of the Persian Empire. ... The History of the Jews of Iraq covers one of the worlds oldest, and historically most important Jewish communities. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia The Jewish community of Morocco is an ancient one. ... Tunisia has had a Jewish minority since Roman times. ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew Têmān), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ... The Israeli Black Panthers were one of the first social justice organizations among Mizraḥi Jews in Israel, active in the late 1960s and into the 1970s. ...

External links

• JIMENA Jews Indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa.
• Who is an Arab Jew? - On being Mizraḥi (anti-Arab identity) by Albert Memmi.
• Reflections by an Arab Jew - On being Mizraḥi (pro-Arab identity) by Ella Habiba.
• Why Jews fled Arab countries - A Jewish analysis of Mizraḥi flight by Ya'akov Meron.
• The Middle East's Forgetten Refugees A chronicle of Mizraḥi refugees by Semha Alwaya.
• My Life in Iraq Yeheskel Kojaman describes his life as a Mizrahi Jew in Iraq in the 50s and 60s.
• Multiculturalism Project - Middle Eastern and North African Jews
• Loolwa Khazzoom - Multiculturalism movement for non-European Jewish history, heritage & social justice.
• Hakeshet Hademocratit Hamizrachit - An organization of Mizraḥi Jews in Israel