|
Mobility Management is one of the major functions of a GSM or a UMTS network that allows mobile phones to work. The aim of mobility management is to track where the subscribers are, so that calls, SMS and other mobile phone services can be delivered to them. Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones. ...
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), is a digital mobile phone technology that allows it to increase data transmission rate and improve data transmission reliability. ...
High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), is a development of Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM mobile phone system. ...
3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, after 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving...
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G cellular network. ...
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) cell phone technologies. ...
FOMA, officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile phone operator NTT DoCoMo. ...
UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard, using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved, air interface that uses Time Division Duplexing to duplex spectrum between the up-link and down-link. ...
UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard, using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved, air interface that uses Time Division Duplexing to duplex spectrum between the up-link and down-link. ...
TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard, being pursued in the Peoples Republic of China by the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT), Datang and Siemens AG, in an attempt to develop home-grown technology and not be dependent on Western...
High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of mobile telephony protocols that extend and improve the performance of existing UMTS protocols. ...
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA, also known as High-Speed Downlink Protocol Access) is a 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. ...
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5. ...
HSPA+ (or HSPA Evolution) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol defined in 3GPP release 7 (expected in 2007). ...
The Generic Access Network (GAN), also known as Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA), is a telecommunication system allowing seamless roaming and handover between local area networks and wide area networks using a dual-mode mobile phone. ...
This article is about the mobile phone standard. ...
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements. ...
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements. ...
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPPs Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. ...
Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), is the first CDMA-based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. ...
CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), is the first CDMA-based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. ...
3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, after 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving...
CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2. ...
Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is one telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access. ...
This article is about the mobile phone standard. ...
Ultra Mobile Broadband is the brand name to describe the advanced technologies and services that will be supported by the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision C (Rev. ...
Mobile radio telephone systems preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology. ...
“Push to Talk†redirects here. ...
The Mobile Telephone System (MTS) was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards. ...
The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) is a pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system that links to the PSTN. IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. ...
The Advanced Mobile Telephone System was a 0G method of radio communication, mainly used in Japanese portable radio systems. ...
OLT (Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony), was the first land mobile telephone network in Norway. ...
MTD (Swedish abbreviation for Mobilelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency band. ...
Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the missing link between earlier MTS/IMTS and later cellular telephone services. ...
ARP (Autoradiopuhelin, Car Radio Phone in English) was the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. ...
1G (or 1-G) is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology, cellphones. ...
For other meanings of the abbreviation, see: NMT. NMT (Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephone in English) is a mobile phone system that was specified by the Nordic telecommunications administrations (PTTs) starting in 1970, and opened for service in 1981 as a response to the increasing congestion...
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) is the analog mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas in 1983[1][2] It was the primary analog mobile phone system in North America (and other locales) through the 1980s and into the 2000s, and is still...
hicap is a mobile techonology which has a consumer interface with a wide variety of industry references. ...
Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) uses unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data. ...
Cingular Interactive Truck at Ground Zero on 9/11/2001 Mobitex Network Design Mobitex is an OSI based open standard, national public access wireless data network first introduced in 1991 by carriers RAM Mobile Data and in Canada 1990 by Rogers Cantel. ...
DataTac is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Iden is also a village in East Sussex, England Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. ...
IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ...
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) is a 2G mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. ...
Circuit Switched Data, often known as CSD, is the original form of data transmission developed for the GSM mobile phone system. ...
The Personal Handy-phone System (PHS), also marketed as the Personal Access System (PAS), is a mobile network system operating in the 1880-1930 MHz frequency band. ...
Wideband Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network, or WiDEN, is a software upgrade developed by Motorola for its iDEN enhanced specialized mobile radio (or ESMR) wireless telephony protocol. ...
This article is about the mobile phone standard. ...
iBurst (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access) is a wireless broadband technology developed by ArrayComm. ...
HIPERMAN stands for High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network and is a standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN) group to provide a wireless network communication in the 2 - 11 GHz bands across Europe and other countries which follow the ETSI standard. ...
Official WiMax logo WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access. ...
WiBro (Wireless Broadband, Korean: 와ì´ë¸Œë¡œ) is a wireless broadband Internet technology being developed by the Korean telecoms industry. ...
Cellular frequencies - the general term which unites radio frequencies utilized by cellular networks to provide service to their subscribers. ...
The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR) is a conventional two-way radio system, or trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 Mhz bands. ...
Cellular frequencies - the general term which unites radio frequencies utilized by cellular networks to provide service to their subscribers. ...
Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900-MHz radio band used for digital mobile phone services in Canada and the United States. ...
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. ...
Subscriber: In a public switched telecommunications network such as the common telephone system, the ultimate user, customer, of a communications service. ...
“SMS†redirects here. ...
GSM services are a standard collection of applications and features available to mobile phone subscribers all over the world. ...
Location update procedure
A GSM or UMTS network, like all cellular networks, is a radio network of individual cells, known as base stations. Each base station covers a small geographical area which is part of a uniquely identified location area. By integrating the coverage of each of these base stations, a cellular network provides a radio coverage over a very much wider area. A group of base stations is called a location area, or a routing area. Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. ...
The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...
A radio network is a network system which distributes programming to multiple stations simultaneously, or slightly delayed, for the purpose of extending total coverage beyond the limits of a single broadcast signal. ...
A cellular radio network is a radio network made up of a number of radio cells (or just cells) each served by a fixed transmitter, normally known as a base station. ...
The location update procedure allows a mobile device to inform the cellular network, whenever it moves from one location area to the next. Mobiles are responsible for detecting location area codes. When a mobile finds that the location area code is different from its last update, it performs another update by sending to the network, a location update request, together with its previous location, and its Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI). “Cell Phone†redirects here. ...
This page covers Mobility Management in GSM and UMTS networks including those functions related to GPRS. Mobility Management is one of the major functions of a GSM or UMTS Network. ...
There are several reasons why a mobile may provide updated location information to the network. Whenever a mobile is switched on or off, the network may require it to perform an IMSI attach or IMSI detach location update procedure. Also, each mobile is required to regularly report its location at a set time interval using a periodic location update procedure. Whenever a mobile moves from one location area to the next while not on a call, a random location update is required. This is also required of a stationary mobile that reselects coverage from a cell in a different location area, because of signal fade. Thus a subscriber has reliable access to the network and may be reached with a call, while enjoying the freedom of mobility within the whole coverage area. In a GSM network, when a Mobile Station or (MS) is switched on, the International Mobile Subscriber Identity, or IMSI attach procedure is executed. ...
IMSI detach is the process of detaching a MS from the mobile network to which it was connected. ...
When a subscriber is paged in an attempt to deliver a call or SMS and the subscriber does not reply to that page then the subscriber is marked as absent in both the MSC/VLR and the HLR (Mobile not reachable flag MNRF is set). The next time the mobile performs a location update the HLR is updated and the mobile not reachable flag is cleared.
TMSI The "Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity" (TMSI) is the identity that is most commonly sent between the mobile and the network. It is a randomly allocated number that is given to the mobile, the moment it is switched on. The number is local to a location area, and so it has to be updated, each time the mobile moves to a new geographical area.
The network can also change the TMSI of the mobile at any time. And it normally does so, in order to avoid the subscriber from being identified, and tracked by eavesdroppers on the radio interface. This makes it difficult to trace which mobile is which, except briefly, when the mobile is just switched on, or when the data in the mobile becomes invalid for one reason or another. At that point, the global "international mobile subscriber identity" (IMSI) must be sent to the network. This is a unique number that is associated with all GSM and UMTS network mobile phone users. The number is stored in the SIM card. The IMSI is sent as rarely as possible, to avoid it being identified and tracked. In telecommunication and computer communication, the term network interface has the following meanings: The point of interconnection between a user terminal and a private or public network. ...
IMSI IMSI is an acronym for International Mobile Subscriber Identity. ...
Look up SIM, Sim, sim in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A key use of the TMSI is in paging a mobile. "Paging" is the one-to-one communication between the mobile and the base station. The most important use of broadcast information is to set up channels for "paging". Every cellular system has a broadcast mechanism to distribute such information to a plurality of mobiles. Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ...
Size of TMSI is 4 octet with full hex digits and cant be all ones.
Roaming is one of the fundamental mobility management procedures of all cellular networks. Roaming is defined (cf. GSM Association Permanent Reference Document AA.39) as the ability for a cellular customer to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services, including home data services, when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of the home network, by means of using a visited network. This can be done by using a communication terminal or else just by using the subscriber identity in the visited network. Roaming is technically supported by mobility management, authentication, authorization and billing procedures. To understand the details and technical aspects of roaming, please see the articles about roaming and GSM services: How incoming calls are made. Roaming is a general term in wireless telecommunications that refers to the extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. ...
Roaming is a general term in wireless telecommunications that refers to the extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. ...
The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...
A telecommunications network is a network of telecommunications links arranged so that messages may be passed from one part of the network to another over multiple links. ...
A telecommunications network is a network of telecommunications links arranged so that messages may be passed from one part of the network to another over multiple links. ...
Authentication (from Greek αυθεντικός; real or genuine, from authentes; author) is the act of establishing or confirming something (or someone) as authentic, that is, that claims made by or about the thing are true. ...
In security engineering and computer security, authorization, is a part of the operating system that protects computer resources by only allowing those resources to be used by resource consumers that have been granted authority to use them. ...
Billing may mean: The process of sending accounts to customers for goods or services is called billing. ...
Roaming is a general term in wireless telecommunications that refers to the extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. ...
Roaming is a general term in wireless telecommunications that refers to the extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. ...
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
GSM services are a standard collection of applications and features available to mobile phone subscribers all over the world. ...
Location area A "location area" is a set of base stations that are grouped together to optimise signalling. Typically, 10s or even 100s of base stations share a single Base Station Controller (BSC), the intelligence behind the base stations. The BSC handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, controls handovers from base station to base station.
To each location area, a unique number called a "location area code" is assigned. The location area code is broadcast by each base station, known as a "base transceiver station" BTS in GSM, or a Node-B in UMTS, at regular intervals. BTS may stand for Bangkok Skytrain - urban transport system in Bangkok Base Transceiver Station - GSM base station Bug Tracking System This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Node-B is a term used in UMTS to denote the BTS (base transceiver station). ...
In GSM, the mobiles cannot communicate directly with each other but, have to be channeled through the BTSs. In UMTS networks, if no Node-B is accessible to a mobile, it will not be able to make any connections at all.
If the location areas are very large, there will be many mobiles operating simultaneously, resulting in very high paging traffic, as every paging request has to be broadcast to every base station in the location area. This wastes bandwidth and power on the mobile, by requiring it to listen for broadcast messages too much of the time. If on the other hand, there are too many small location areas, the mobile must contact the network very often for changes of location, which will also drain the mobile's battery. A balance has therefore to be struck. In computer operating systems, paging memory allocation, paging refers to the process of managing program access to virtual memory pages that do not currently reside in RAM. It is implemented as a task that resides in the kernel of the operating system and gains control when a page fault takes...
-1...
Routing area A "routing area" is a subdivision of a "location area". Routing areas are used by mobiles which are GPRS-attached. GPRS ("General Packet Radio Services"), GSM’s new data transmission technology, is optimized for "bursty" data communication services, such as wireless internet/intranet, and multimedia services. It is also known as GSM-IP ("Internet Protocol") because it will connect users directly to Internet Service Providers (ISP). General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. ...
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork. ...
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a business or organization that offers users access to the Internet and related services. ...
The bursty nature of packet traffic means that more paging messages are expected per mobile, and so it is worth knowing the location of the mobile more accurately than it would be with traditional circuit-switched traffic. A change from routing area to routing area (called a "Routing Area Update") is done in an almost identical way to a change from location area to location area. The main differences are that the "Serving GPRS Support Node" (SGSN) is the element involved. The GPRS system is used by GSM Mobile phones, as of 2004 the most common mobile phone system in the world, for transmitting IP packets. ...
See also In telecommunication, the term handoff refers to the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another. ...
// 802. ...
Mobile IP is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining their permanent IP address. ...
Radio resource management (RRM) is the system level control of radio transmission characteristics in wireless communication systems, for example cellular networks, wireless networks and broadcasting systems. ...
Roaming is a general term in wireless telecommunications that refers to the extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
External links - Mobility management in IP Networks
- Cellular and PCS network elements
- 3GPP Technical Specification TS 23.003 Numbering, addressing and identification contains a section defining the Identification of location areas and base stations, using LAI, LAC, RAI, RAC, CI, CGI, BSIC, RSZI, LN, SAI. Also a section on Identification of mobile subscribers, using IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, LMSI, TLLI.
- 3GPP Technical Specification TS 23.012 Location management procedures defines Location management and describes the procedures for the circuit switched domain.
- 3GPP Technical Specification TS 23.060 GPRS Service Description describes Location management procedures for the packet switched domain.
- Location Update Sequence Diagram (PDF)
|
Feeds |
Contact