Art modeling involves the posing of a model to as an aid in creating a work of art. Models are frequently used for training art students, but are also employed by accomplished artists. The most common types of art created using models are photography, figure drawing, figure painting and sculpture. Fashion model Daniella Sarahyba. ... Venus de Milo exhibited in the Louvre museum, France. ... Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light. ... figure drawing by Leonardo da Vinci Figure drawing, also known as life drawing, is an exercise in drawing the human body in its various shapes and positions. ... Sitting nude (1993) oil on canvas by Frans Koppelaar Figure painting is a form of the visual arts in which the artist uses a live model as the subject matter of a two-dimensional piece of artwork using paint as the medium. ... An Italian Futurist sculpture by Umberto Boccioni at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City (MoMA). ...

Thoughout the history of Western Art, drawing the human figure from living models was considered the most useful tool in developing the skill of draftsmanship. In the art school classroom setting, the purpose is to learn how to draw humans of all different shapes, ages, and ethnicities, so there are no real limitations on who the model can be. In some cases, the model may pose with various |props. Art school is a colloquial term for any educational institution (whether secondary, post-secondary/undergraduate, or graduate/postgraduate) with a primary focus on the visual arts, especially graphic design, illustration, painting, photography, and sculpture. ... A university classroom with permanently-installed desk-chairs and green chalkboards. ... Drawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or knowing man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ...

Posing

Art model posing in a French painting school

While posing, the model is expected to remain motionless, like a mannequin. The model is generally discouraged from speaking, wriggling, itching, or readjusting during the pose. To accommodate the physical limitations of the model, the instructor or artist may set up a schedule such as 25 minutes on, 10 minutes off to relax the muscles. The model's level of experience and skill may be taken into account in determining the length of the posing session and the difficulty of the poses. Image File history File links École_des_beaux-arts_(from_the_live). ... Image File history File links École_des_beaux-arts_(from_the_live). ... A pair of mannequins A mannequin (alternately, manikin, mannikin, manakin, dummy, or form) is a life-size, articulated doll mainly used to display clothing. ...

Typical reclining pose
painting by
Frans Koppelaar

Poses generally fall into three categories: standing, seated and reclining. Within each of these there are varying levels of difficulty, so one kind is not always easier than another. Artists and life drawing instructors will often prefer poses in which the body is being exerted, for a more dynamic and aesthetically interesting subject. Common poses such as standing twists, slouched seated poses and especially the classical contrapposto are difficult to sustain accurately for any amount of time. Image File history File links Reclining_nude. ... Image File history File links Reclining_nude. ... Frans Thomas Koppelaar (April 23, 1943), Dutch painter, was born at The Hague. ... Contrapposto is an Italian word for counterpoise referring to an analytical sculptural technique in which the artist illustrates the natural counterbalance of the body through the bending of the hips in one direction and the legs in another direction. ...

Poses can range in length from several seconds to many hours. Short dynamic poses may be used for gesture drawing exercises, with the model striking a pose - which can include strenuous or precarious positions that could not be sustained for a longer pose - just long enough for the artist to quickly capture the essence of it. Active, gestural, or challenging standing poses are often scheduled at the beginning of a session when the models' energy level is highest. Short exercises in drawing classes typically run from 5 to 25 minutes. For extended poses in which the model will take one or more breaks, chalk marks and/or masking tape are often used to help the model resume the same pose. These breaks - during which the model usually wears a robe or puts on clothing - allow the model to stretch, relax and attend to other needs. Gesture drawing is the practice of drawing a series of poses done by a model in a short amount of time, usually as a warm up before a life drawing session. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Masking tape is a type of adhesive tape made of easy-to-tear paper backed with a relatively weak adhesive. ...

Nude models

Sepia Tiger

Artistic models are often entirely nude, apart from inconspicuous personal items such as small jewelry. In a job advertisement seeking nude models, this may sometimes be referred to as being "undraped." In Western countries, there is generally no prohibition on the sexes posing nude for or drawing members of the opposite sex, although this was not always the case in the past. In Victorian times some art schools allowed female nudes—but only if their faces were draped. Up into the present day some rare art classes prefer male models to wear a jockstrap. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2460x953, 658 KB) Summary Model Violeta Gospodinova, taken by Digitalex studios Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2460x953, 658 KB) Summary Model Violeta Gospodinova, taken by Digitalex studios Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Nudity or nakedness is the state of wearing no clothing. ... Jewelry (the American spelling; spelled jewellery in Commonwealth English) consists of ornamental devices worn by persons, typically made with gems and precious metals. ... The term Western world or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

During art school classes or an academic setting, it is commonly prohibited for anyone (including the instructor) to touch or interfere with the model. Very close examination or requests for adjustment are typical—with the permission of the model. A few institutions allow only the instructor to speak directly with the model. In education, teachers are those who teach students or pupils, often a course of study or a practical skill. ...

History

The Greeks, who had the naked body constantly before them in the exercises of the gymnasium, had far less need of professional models than the moderns; but it is scarcely likely that they could have attained the high level reached by their works without constant study from nature. It was probably in Ancient Greece that models were first used. The story told of Zeuxis by Valerius Maximus, who had five of the most beautiful virgins of the city of Crotone offered him as models for his picture of Helen, proves their occasional use. The gymnasium of the Greeks originally functioned as the school where competitors in the public games received their training, and was so named from the circumstance that these competitors exercised naked (gymnos). ... Zeuxis and Parrhasius, painters of Ephesus in the 5th century BC, are reported in the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder to have staged a contest to determine which of the two was the greater artist. ... Valerius Maximus was a Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes. ... Crotone is a city in Calabria, southern Italy, on the Gulf of Taranto. ... In Greek mythology Helen () was reputed to be the most beautiful woman in the world. ...

During the Renaissance, painters generally made use of their relations and friends as models, of which many examples might be quoted from Venice, Florence, Rome and other places, and the stories of Titian and the duchess of Ferrara and of Botticelli and Simonetta Vespucci, go to show that ladies of exalted rank were sometimes not averse from having their charms immortalized by the painter's brush. Paid models were not unknown, as the story of the unfortunate contadino used by Jacopo Sansovino as model for his statue of the Bacchus will show[1]. Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ... Country Italy Region Veneto Province Venice (VE) Mayor Massimo Cacciari (since April 18, 2004) Elevation m Area 412 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 271,251  - Density 646/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Veneziani Dialing code 041 Postal code 30100 Frazioni Chirignago, Favaro Veneto, Mestre... Founded 59 BC as Florentia Region Tuscany Mayor Leonardo Domenici (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  102 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 356,000 almost 500,000 3,453/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Latitude Longitude 43°47 N 11°15 E www. ... This article is about the capital of Italy. ... Titians self-portrait, 1566. ... Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli (little barrel) (March 1, 1445 – May 17, 1510) was an Italian painter of the Florentine school during the Early Renaissance (Quattrocento). ... Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci (c. ... Jacopo d’Antonio Sansovino (1486 - November 27, 1570) was an Italian sculptor and architect. ... Dionysus with a panther and satyr, in the Palazzo Altemps (Rome, Italy) Dionysus or Dionysos (Ancient Greek: Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος; also known as Bacchus in both Greek and Roman mythology and associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its...

Artists' models as a special class appear when the establishment of schools for the study of the human figure created a regular demand, and since that time the remuneration offered has ensured a continual supply. In the media era, modeling is also coveted as a way to achieve notoriety or even celebrity status opening the way to other carreers, such as acting. Celebrities often have a symbiotic relationship with photographers. ...

Non-academic modeling

Models are hired by a variety of creative professionals, including not only painters and sculptors, but video game designers, furniture designers, people who craft artificial limbs, etc. This work varies somewhat from modeling for a class. The conventions for this type of modeling are much less well defined, especially as the models are often friends or family. Artists who regularly hire strangers will usually hold to art school standards in order to make models feel more comfortable, and to avoid possible legal issues. This article is about computer and video games. ... A list of furniture designers, cabinet makers and people involved in that trade Robert Adam Mario Bellini Matthew Boulton William Chambers Thomas Chippendale Thomas Chippendale, the younger Giovanni Cipriani Henry Copland Le Corbusier Charles Eastlake Uwe Fischer Norman Foster Frank O. Gehry Grinling Gibbons George Hepplewhite William Ince Arne Jacobsen... A United States soldier demonstrates Foosball with two prosthetic limbs Artificial limbs a type of prosthesis and are classified by the type of amputation they would replace, for example: Transtibial prostheses: Below the knee Transfemoral prostheses: Above the knee Transradial prostheses: below the elbow Transhumeral prostheses: above the elbow For...

Professional artists often have a circle of models they work through, hiring and adding as time passes. When a comfortable working relationship is established, many painters and artists relax their standards and models do the same. Longer poses, more comfortable and casual environments, and more collegial relationships may develop. However, in a professional studio environment, with an artist on a deadline or with commission guidelines, art school and art-model industry standards generally apply, with higher rates of pay and longer, more demanding poses.

Models are now especially used in the publicity industry, often combining posing with more active work such as the catwalk. The career is an attractive profession for the more successful models, and profesional modeling agencies help regulate the market as well as assisting their client's modeling carreers. Model walking down catwalk This article refers to catwalks used by fashion models. ...

Sources

(incomplete)

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.